Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Brackeen V. Zinke, Bradley E. Tinker

Public Land & Resources Law Review

In 1978, Congress enacted the Indian Child Welfare Act to counter practices of removing Indian children from their homes, and to ensure the continued existence of Indian tribes through their children. The law created a framework establishing how Indian children are adopted as a way to protect those children and their relationship with their tribe. ICWA also established federal standards for Indian children being placed into non-Indian adoptive homes. Brackeen v. Zinke made an important distinction for the placement preferences of the Indian children adopted by non-Indian plaintiffs; rather than viewing the placement preferences in ICWA as based upon Indians’ …

Identifying Ancient Maya Economic And Political Networks In The Belize Valley Through Ceramic Sourcing, John Douglas

University Grant Program Reports

Ancient Classic Lowland Maya potters made vessels to serve various needs, which were sometimes exchanged or otherwise moved across the landscape. Potters also emulated types made elsewhere with local materials. The immediate objective of this study was to see if black slip “recipes”— the chemical composition—applied to the surface of ceramics could be used to identify production groups for a type of Terminal Classic pottery called Mount Maloney Black (MMB) from two different ruins. Through chemical analysis, this study sought to discover if the same people with the same materials were making these vessels, or if there were from different …

Blackfoot Pathways: Sculpture In The Wild 2018, Carter Bermingham, Megan Schultz

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This study was conducted by Blackfoot Pathways: Sculpture in the Wild and for the Montana Office of Tourism and Business Development to provide insight into the characteristics of attendees to the 2018 event. Paper surveys on site were completed by 397 attendees. Results show that 71% of respondents were residents of Montana and of those Montana residents, 96% were from outside of Lincoln. Out-of-town respondents spent an average of 3.05 nights away from home. Of those nights, an average of 2.08 of those nights were in the town of Lincoln. Restaurant and Bar purchases received the highest total dollars spent …

Gardiner, Montana: Visitor Perceptions, Image And Spending Before & After Development, Norma P. Nickerson, Carter Bermingham, Meredith S. Berry, Jeremy L. Sage

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Gardiner, Montana, the north gate to Yellowstone National Park, underwent infrastructure development before the 2016 centennial celebration of the National Park Service. This study represents a ‘before and after’ analysis of visitors’ images and spending patterns within Gardiner.

Montana's Outfitting Industry - 2017 Economic Contribution And Industry-Client Analysis, Jeremy L. Sage, Carter Bermingham, Norma P. Nickerson

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

In recent years, nonresident visitor spending on outfitters and guides has surpassed that of spending on retail goods, making it the fourth highest spending category behind only fuel, lodging, and dining out. This rise comes despite only five to six percent of the visiting population taking part in these activities. This observation reiterates findings from the 2007 Montana Outfitter and Guide study characterizing the outfitting industry as high value, low impact.

Though a small percent of visiting groups take part in some type of guided or outfitted experience, those who do stay longer and spend more per day. In 2017, …

Montana Dragon Boat Festival 2018, Megan Schultz, Carter Bermingham

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This study was conducted for the Kalispell Conventions and Visitor Bureau, to provide insight into the characteristics of attendees of the 2018 Montana Dragon Boat Festival. Paper surveys on site and a post-event web survey were completed by 397 attendees and/or participants of the event. Results show that 60% of respondents were residents of Montana and of those Montana residents, 49% were from Flathead County. Out-of-county respondents spent an average of 3.90 nights away from home. Of those nights, an average of 2.87 of those nights were in the city of Kalispell and 2.76 nights in other Flathead Valley locations …

2017 Economic Contribution Of Nonresident Travel Spending In Montana Regions And Counties, Kara Grau

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Money spent by those traveling in Montana has an effect directly on the businesses where spending occurs, and it ripples throughout the state’s economy from there. Statewide, spending by nonresidents (averaged over two years) totaled $3.24 billion. This report details the methods and results of the economic impact analyses for each of Montana’s travel regions, as well as analyses for counties in which nonresident travelers spent approximately $50 million or more.

Educational Robots, Rachel L. Severson

University Grant Program Reports

The research component seeks to investigate children’s understanding of and learning from educational robots. Robots will increasingly be a part of children's learning environments, yet it is unknown whether children will treat robots as credible sources of knowledge. During this last year, as specified in the UGP Mentored grant proposal, my research lab has focused on conducting research that will directly inform and bolster the proposed research. I conducted a study with a human in place of a robot in order to establish (1) a baseline for comparison when we replicate with the robot and (2) a track-record of conducting …

Preferences, Ability, And Intrinsic Motivation, Matthew P. Taylor

University Grant Program Reports

I use an experiment to test whether economics experiments that have explored the relationship between cognitive ability and several important economic behaviors have biased estimates because they fail to account for the impact of differences in intrinsic motivation. I find that monetary incentives do not significantly improve subject performance on the types of questions that are commonly used to measure cognitive ability. I also find that estimates of the relationships between cognitive ability and strategic reasoning, trust, and risk aversion are not significantly different whether cognitive ability is measured with or without monetary incentives. Consistent with the existing literature, subjects …

A Longitudinal Study Of Montanans’ Intrastate Travel Residents’ Monthly Reporting Of Travel, Jeremy L. Sage

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

The purpose of this report was to provide complementary data and information to the Resident Travel Study (Report 2018-6) by following a panel of 285 Montanans for the whole of 2017. This panel based study allowed for a deeper look at the traveling habits of the respondents through a series of monthly surveys administered online. This report highlights travel frequency, purpose, spending and destination characteristics.

Montana Tourism Trends And Forecasting, Jeremy L. Sage

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report presents the development of a Montana tourism forecasting model. We forecast not only annual nonresident visitors to the state, but also forecast recreation visits to both Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks. Monthly data between 1992 and 2014 are used in a General to Specific Modeling approach to establish regression coefficients that are then used to ex post forecast 2015-2017, and ex ante forecast 2018-2020 for Montana and 2018-2019 for the National Parks. The forecast models perform well and better than base comparisons using Naïve 1 and Naïve 2 methods as evaluated by Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE). Monthly …

Resident Travel In Montana, Kara Grau, Norma P. Nickerson, Jeremy L. Sage, Megan Schultz

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

The purpose of the study was to estimate annual resident travel within Montana, the spending volume of resident visitors to counties outside their residence (50 miles or more away from home), and to map the flow of resident travel within Montana. Montana residents took 13,547,000 day trips spending $1,662,620,000 and 4,013,000 overnight trips spending $1,206,970,000 for a total of nearly $2.87 billion on travel in Montana.

Life Starts At Home: Exploring How Housing Impacts Participation For People With Disabilities, Rtc: Rural, University Of Montana Rural Institute

Independent Living and Community Participation

Modern perspectives of disability focus on the impact of the environment on the participation and independence of people with disabilities. The interaction between a person and their surroundings can either support or inhibit their functional needs to live independently and participate in the community (World Health Organization). RTC:Rural research on housing and ecology indicates that increasing the availability of accessible and usable housing is a significant step toward building greater community participation and independent living for all. Accessibility and usability issues within the home can present barriers to daily living that negatively impact an individual’s ability to participate in their …

Resilience Through Connection To Place: How Native Peoples Rely On The Land And How The Land Relies On Us, Tabitha N. Espinoza

Graduate Student Portfolios, Professional Papers, and Capstone Projects

No abstract provided.

Science, Advocacy, Policy, Planning: Tools For Advancing Transportation Equity, Garrett S. Mcallister

Graduate Student Portfolios, Professional Papers, and Capstone Projects

The theme of this portfolio is how different tools and approaches can be used for advancing transportation equity. Broadly defined, transportation equity is about fairness in transportation. There are a number of ways this fairness can be assessed. The most common way to assess transportation equity is by looking at the fairness of outcomes, distributed geographically, socially, or even by mode of transportation. Equity can also be defined by the fairness of processes. The first half of the portfolio illustrates some of the problems with the current transportation system and how it is unhealthy (Piece 1) and unjust (Piece 2). …

The Montana Expression 2018: Aquatic Invasive Species And Water Recreation, Norma P. Nickerson, Megan Schultz

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

The purpose of this study was to assess if Montanan’s had become more aware of the aquatic invasive species, mussels, in the state. Similar questions from the 2017 study (https://scholarworks.umt.edu/itrr_pubs/354/) were used to gauge change in awareness. All age groups of Montana residents became more aware of mussels. While 91 percent of Montana residents were aware of the boat check stations, only 71 percent were aware that all types of watercraft need to stop for inspections including kayaks and paddle boards. Overall, MT Fish Wildlife and Park’s message about invasive mussels in the state is being heard by …

Full Circle: Building A Local Economy Through Pollinator Enterprises In The Food System, Catherine M. Demets

Graduate Student Portfolios, Professional Papers, and Capstone Projects

As the alternative food movement gains traction in mainstream American society, it is essential to document how enterprises in the movement are building robust local economies. As Eric Holt-Giménez (2010: 1) points out, the movement “has successfully shone the spotlight on hunger and food access in the US, created a drive for more local food, and gotten better policy from the federal to the local level,” yet no assurance exists that our society’s interest in food issues is not a passing fad. Rather, we should ask: “how do we turn initial reforms into lasting food system transformation?” (Holt-Giménez 2010: 1). …

An Exploration Into Archival Descriptions Of Lgbtq Materials, Erin Baucom

Mansfield Library Faculty Publications

While traditional archives have successfully diversified collecting scopes to include materials from marginalized communities, archivists have yet to examine whether the descriptions of these materials appropriately represent the communities of origin. In an effort to determine how discoverable LGBTQ collections are and if the terms used to describe LGBTQ individuals might be inaccurate and possibly harmful to the LGBTQ community, this article compares terms used by LGBTQ history project Web sites to describe gender and sexual identities to terms used in traditional archives to portray those same identities. This comparison reveals that the terms in finding aids are general and …

United States Citrus Science Council V. United States Department Of Agriculture, Stephanie George

Public Land & Resources Law Review

As our world becomes increasingly more dependent on global trade, issues have arisen with respect to the harm caused to domestic producers. In U.S. Citrus Science Council v. USDA, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California clarified domestic lemon producers’ standing to challenge agency decisions that result in the importation of foreign crops. This decision could create similar pathways for future challenges to the importation of other commodities into the United States.

Stephen Hawking As Accidental Ambassador For Assistive Technologies, Martin E. Blair

Independent Living and Community Participation

An article about Stephen Hawking and his "role as a “spokesmodel” for the use of assistive technologies."

Note that the video embedded in the original article can be found on YouTube.

Considerations And Challenges For Describing Historical Research Data: A Case Study, Teressa M. Keenan, Wendy Walker

Mansfield Library Faculty Publications

This case study describes the several challenges faced by Library personnel at the University of Montana as they iteratively made an historical dataset available in the institutional repository in a way that attempted to optimize its discoverability, accessibility, searchability, and usability to current and future researchers. The authors will examine the development of this multi-media dataset collection in order to discuss the specific challenges and opportunities around: describing and making available an historical dataset, repository structures, metadata specifications, and accessibility requirements.

Open Educational Resources (Oers): An Overview, Wendy Walker

Mansfield Library Faculty Publications

An overview of the current Open Educational Resources (OER) landscape. Includes context, definitions, benefits, challenges, emerging models for addressing challenges, OER activities at the University of Montana, the inclusion of the campus bookstore, and links to several online OER resources.

Maintaining Digital Collections With Declining Resources, Fewer Staff, Wendy Walker, Teressa M. Keenan

Mansfield Library Faculty Publications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe methods for restructuring workflows and efficiently using staff members and volunteers to continue work on multiple, simultaneous digital collections as budgets and resources decline.

Design/methodology/approach – This paper describes one library’s varied approaches to several digital collections supported by literature or volunteers in libraries.

Findings – In the face of continually declining resources and new, time-sensitive priorities and compliance responsibilities, librarians can continue to maintain digital collections by modifying workflows, using the services of volunteers and communicating strategically.

Practical implications – This paper is relevant to librarians, archivists and others …

The Montana Expression 2018: Mt Residents’ Use Of Fishing Access Sites & Public Lands And Waterways Values, Kara Grau, Megan Schultz

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report presents information gathered via surveys of Montana residents regarding their use of Fishing Access Sites in the state and their values related to public lands and waterways.

Trail Usage And Value - A Helena, Mt Case Study, Jeremy L. Sage, Norma P. Nickerson

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

The Mt. Ascension and Mt. Helena trail network provide a valuable outdoor recreation amenity to residents of, and visitors to, Helena. This report identifies the use and value of the trail system. Though 78 percent of trail use is by local residents, visitors to the region who used the trail system for hiking or biking spent over $4 million in the local area in the summer of 2017 (May-September).

Building Strategic Alliances To Support Advocacy And Planning For Digital Preservation, Erin Baucom, Tammy Troup, Conor Cote, Sara Mannheimer

Mansfield Library Faculty Publications

While the business benefits of digital asset management are well-documented, the benefits and importance of digital preservation are not. Digital preservation is a sustained commitment to maintenance activities which require a system of plans, policies, and implementation workflows. Coordination across departments is helpful for digital asset management, but it is mandatory for digital preservation. The Montana Digital Preservation Working Group (DPWG) operated under a five-point plan for collaboration between organizations. The plan consisted of cultivating shared knowledge, assessing the current digital preservation landscape at each institution, advocating for the value of digital preservation, implementing digital preservation practices, and sustaining the …

Volunteering For Vegetables: Community Agriculture And The Prospects For Building A More Democratic Food System, Kali Orton

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Scholars and activists hold varied ideas about what a more just and equitable food system might look like. Food democracy, one of these alternative food system theories, centers around the idea that all people should have equal opportunity to meaningfully contribute to the shaping of their food systems. Community farms, due to their socially-oriented qualities, present one possibility for people to develop the skills and knowledge necessary to function as food citizens and build food democracy.

This research explores and seeks to inform food democracy theory through case studies of two urban community farms – one in Missoula, Montana, and …

The Role Of Bipolar Disorder, Stigma, And Hurtful Messages In Romantic Relationships, Callie Parrish

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

This study explores hurtful messages received by individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder I/II from their romantic partners. Close romantic relationships present opportunities for the utterance of hurtful messages, and the stigmatization that accompanies a mental health diagnosis could affect the attributions made surrounding hurtful messages. By applying attribution theory, the current study increases understanding of how individuals with bipolar disorder experience and attribute hurtful messages. Participants (N = 99) were adults diagnosed with bipolar disorder who had received a hurtful message from their romantic partner. Data was collected via online surveys comprised of Likert scales and short answer questions. …

The Effect Of Female Priming On Male Betta Splendens, Susan Greene

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Male betta fish are naturally aggressive to attract a mate and defend a territory. This makes them a good model for studying aggression and choice behavior. This study looked at male Betta splendens aggressive nature when impacted by priming with a female and exposure to the SSRI drug fluoxetine. Males in the study received a prime before each choice trial, and the latency for each choice was measured and analyzed. We found no significant differences for preference for a mirror versus a non-mirror trail, or latency for choice for the mirror. However, a significant effect was found for fighting data, …

Mismatched Identities: Experiencing White Womanhood And White Motherhood As An Exotic Dancer, Phoenicia S. Sweeney-Summers

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

In this paper I examine the work of exotic dancers in the Rocky Mountain West, focusing on their identities, identity conflict, identity threat, and overcompensation. In over twelve hours of recorded interviews, I asked ten exotic dancers working in Montana about their work, families, and communities as well as their perceptions of themselves and their work. I found that this marginalized group that resides in places that have rural characteristics, often face identity threat because their identities are known within their communities. The identity threat arises as a result of expectations and stereotypes of dancers, and in order to deal …