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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™

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2013

Behavior

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Articles 1 - 30 of 35

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Enrichment And Training Improve Cognition In Rats With Cortical Malformations, Kyle R. Jenks, Marcella M. Lucas, Ben A. Duffy, Ashlee A. Robbins, Barjor Gimi, Jeremy M. Barry, Rod C. Scott Dec 2013

Enrichment And Training Improve Cognition In Rats With Cortical Malformations, Kyle R. Jenks, Marcella M. Lucas, Ben A. Duffy, Ashlee A. Robbins, Barjor Gimi, Jeremy M. Barry, Rod C. Scott

Dartmouth Scholarship

Children with malformations of cortical development (MCD) frequently have associated cognitive impairments which reduce quality of life. We hypothesized that cognitive deficits associated with MCD can be improved with environmental manipulation or additional training. The E17 methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) exposure model bears many anatomical hallmarks seen in human MCDs as well as similar behavioral and cognitive deficits. We divided control and MAM exposed Sprague-Dawley rats into enriched and non-enriched groups and tested performance in the Morris water maze. Another group similarly divided underwent sociability testing and also underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans pre and post enrichment. A third group …

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Mentoring Youth With Emotional And Behavioral Problems: A Meta-Analytic Review, David Aron Meyerson Aug 2013

Mentoring Youth With Emotional And Behavioral Problems: A Meta-Analytic Review, David Aron Meyerson

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

Our current service delivery models are falling short of helping youth with mental health problems. Mentoring is one option that may be effective at helping us address this shortcoming. Youth mentoring theory and research have typically treated mentoring as a prevention intervention (i.e., preventing school dropout, academic decline, psychopathology development, etc.), and research has found youth mentoring to be effective in a variety of domains. The benefits of mentoring may also be applicable to youth with known mental health problems. Research has begun to tackle this question. This meta-analysis addresses the questions of the effectiveness of mentoring programs targeting youth …

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A Study Of How Selected Public School Junior-High Students Perceive The Effect Of Popular Music On Classroom Behavior, Christopher Mc Allister Aug 2013

A Study Of How Selected Public School Junior-High Students Perceive The Effect Of Popular Music On Classroom Behavior, Christopher Mc Allister

Masters Theses

The objective of this study is to further the understanding of how junior-high students in the public schools perceive the effects of popular music on their behavior in the classroom. Two primary research questions serve as the foundation for this study. The first question investigates how themes disclosed in interviews of selected public school junior high students help to explain their personal perceptions of how popular music affects their behavior in the academic environment. The second question seeks to determine whether students that listen to a particular genre of popular music have different or similar perceptions of how music affects …

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Skill Learning Strengthens Cortical Representations Of Motor Sequences., Tobias Wiestler, Jörn Diedrichsen Jul 2013

Skill Learning Strengthens Cortical Representations Of Motor Sequences., Tobias Wiestler, Jörn Diedrichsen

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Motor-skill learning can be accompanied by both increases and decreases in brain activity. Increases may indicate neural recruitment, while decreases may imply that a region became unimportant or developed a more efficient representation of the skill. These overlapping mechanisms make interpreting learning-related changes of spatially averaged activity difficult. Here we show that motor-skill acquisition is associated with the emergence of highly distinguishable activity patterns for trained movement sequences, in the absence of average activity increases. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants produced either four trained or four untrained finger sequences. Using multivariate pattern analysis, both untrained and trained sequences could …

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Using The Theory Of Planned Behavior To Examine Residential Substance Abuse Workers' Intention To Use Evidence-Based Practices, Peter Kelly, Frank Deane, Megan Lovett Jul 2013

Using The Theory Of Planned Behavior To Examine Residential Substance Abuse Workers' Intention To Use Evidence-Based Practices, Peter Kelly, Frank Deane, Megan Lovett

Peter Kelly

There is considerable discrepancy between what is considered evidence-based practice (EBP) and what is actually delivered in substance abuse treatment settings. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TpB) is a well-established model that may assist in better understanding clinician’s intentions to use EBPs. A total of 106 residential substance abuse workers employed by The Salvation Army participated in the current study. The workers completed an anonymous survey that assessed attitudes toward EBP and examined the constructs within the TpB. A linear regression analysis was used to predict clinicians’ intentions to use EBPs. Overall, the model accounted for 41% of the variance …

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Electrochemical Behavior Of Mn3sn2 As Anode For Lithium Ion Batteries, Li Li, Rong Zeng, Christopher Cook, Zaiping Guo, Jianli Wang, Hua Liu Jul 2013

Electrochemical Behavior Of Mn3sn2 As Anode For Lithium Ion Batteries, Li Li, Rong Zeng, Christopher Cook, Zaiping Guo, Jianli Wang, Hua Liu

Jianli Wang

No abstract provided.

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A Narrative Review Of Yoga And Mindfulness As Complementary Therapies For Addiction., Surbhi Khanna, Jeffrey M Greeson Jun 2013

A Narrative Review Of Yoga And Mindfulness As Complementary Therapies For Addiction., Surbhi Khanna, Jeffrey M Greeson

Faculty Scholarship for the College of Science & Mathematics

This paper reviews the philosophical origins, current scientific evidence, and clinical promise of yoga and mindfulness as complementary therapies for addiction. Historically, there are eight elements of yoga that, together, comprise ethical principles and practices for living a meaningful, purposeful, moral and self-disciplined life. Traditional yoga practices, including postures and meditation, direct attention toward one's health, while acknowledging the spiritual aspects of one's nature. Mindfulness derives from ancient Buddhist philosophy, and mindfulness meditation practices, such as gentle Hatha yoga and mindful breathing, are increasingly integrated into secular health care settings. Current theoretical models suggest that the skills, insights, and self-awareness …

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Let's Talk About Sex Baby, Elizabeth Cohen Jun 2013

Let's Talk About Sex Baby, Elizabeth Cohen

Honors Theses

This thesis focuses on parental relationships, communication, and lifestyles and their potential in shaping their children's sexual attitudes and behaviors. Prior research has examined the effect of the media and schools on adolescent sexuality; however, there is little information on parents. The literature review was an evaluation of studies and written works focused on these three factors, media, schooling, and parental involvement, potentially having an effect on adolescent’s sexual attitudes and behaviors. It was found that media had a strong ability to over sexualize the youth of America. The educational aspect was two dimensional, there was clearly a positive aspect …

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How Your Past Can Influence Your Perceptions Of Sports Aggression, Christopher Sullivan Jun 2013

How Your Past Can Influence Your Perceptions Of Sports Aggression, Christopher Sullivan

Honors Theses

Sports violence has received increased attention in the media recently and more individuals are becoming aware of dangerous behaviors in sports. This study was designed to look at the effects of personal variables and past participation in sport in how they affect an individual’s perception of aggressive sports acts. The perception aggression is important to understanding why sports aggression is more accepted in different groups of people. This utilized Union College students, who took a version of the Sport Behavior Inventory in an online survey. Through the use of different indices of data, a test of means and a multi-variable …

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Effects Of Proton Radiation And Pomegranates On Hippocampus And Behavior, Melissa S. Dulcich Jun 2013

Effects Of Proton Radiation And Pomegranates On Hippocampus And Behavior, Melissa S. Dulcich

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Exposure to ionizing radiation may have deleterious effects on physical and mental health, with an increased risk of proton radiation for astronauts traveling outside Earth's atmosphere into lower earth orbit. In animal models, radiation has been shown to suppress neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus, a key area for learning and memory. Furthermore, some evidence suggests that compounds found in fruits and vegetables (e.g. polyphenols) may offer some protection against the cellular effects of radiation. Few studies have looked at the effects of proton radiation on the central nervous system, even though proton radiation is the most prevalent …

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Animal Welfare And Food Safety Aspects Of Confining Broiler Chickens To Cages, Sara Shields, Michael Greger May 2013

Animal Welfare And Food Safety Aspects Of Confining Broiler Chickens To Cages, Sara Shields, Michael Greger

Agribusiness Collection

In most areas of the world, broiler chickens are raised in floor systems, but cage confinement is becoming more common. The welfare of broiler chickens in cages is affected by movement restriction, poor bone strength due to lack of exercise, and prevention of key behavioral patterns such as dustbathing and ground scratching. Cages for broiler chickens also have a long history of causing skin and leg conditions that could further compromise welfare, but a lack of controlled studies makes it difficult to draw conclusions about newer cage designs. Cage environments are usually stocked at a higher density than open floor …

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An Investigation Of Gender Differences In Pro-Environmental Attitudes And Behaviors, Sonja Plavsic May 2013

An Investigation Of Gender Differences In Pro-Environmental Attitudes And Behaviors, Sonja Plavsic

Honors Scholar Theses

Environmental responsibility has become an increasing concern in today's world. "Green" practices have become the norm with a growth in recycling options on school campuses and in cities, emissions restrictions for cars, and many brands positioning themselves as eco-friendly. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are gender differences regarding pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors among college students as predicted by socialization and social role theories, ecofeminism, and social norms. Participants were 313 University of Connecticut students (124 male, 189 female) who took part in an online survey measuring their attitudes towards the environment and conservation behavior. This …

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Attentional Factors In Temporal Distortion: The Effects Of Food Availability On Responses Within The Interval Bisection Task, Robert N. Johnson May 2013

Attentional Factors In Temporal Distortion: The Effects Of Food Availability On Responses Within The Interval Bisection Task, Robert N. Johnson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Time estimation is a process that underlies many complex behaviors. Accurately timed performance depends upon some biological mechanism, which may be revealed by experimental methods. There have been several proposals on the subject of the function of the timing mechanism, some of which have revealed contradictory findings regarding the effect of distraction on timing. Whereas some studies have revealed underestimation (reports of time moving more slowly than it actually is) of the target interval following distracter presentation, others have revealed generalized disruption (no meaningful evidence of timing). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether food presentation for …

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Highlands College Students' Driving Habits, Cory Doto-Dyer, Paul Clark Apr 2013

Highlands College Students' Driving Habits, Cory Doto-Dyer, Paul Clark

Posters

The purpose of this study is to understand driving habits of college students. The study demonstrates potential inappropriate behaviors.

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Learn To Interview More Effectively, Kristie L. Campana Mar 2013

Learn To Interview More Effectively, Kristie L. Campana

Psychology Department Publications

No abstract provided.

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Bias In White: A Longitudinal Natural Experiment Measuring Changes In Discrimination, Brian Rubineau, Yoon Kang Feb 2013

Bias In White: A Longitudinal Natural Experiment Measuring Changes In Discrimination, Brian Rubineau, Yoon Kang

Brian Rubineau

Many professions are plagued by disparities in service delivery. Racial disparities in policing, mortgage lending, and healthcare are some notable examples. Because disparities can result from a myriad of mechanisms, crafting effective disparity mitigation policies requires knowing which mechanisms are active and which are not. In this study we can distinguish whether one mechanism—statistical discrimination—is a primary explanation for racial disparities in physicians’ treatment of patients. In a longitudinal natural experiment using repeated quasi-audit studies of medical students, we test for within-cohort changes in disparities from medical student behaviors as they interact with white and black patient actors. We find …

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The Effectiveness Of Ground Groups On Student Behavior In A Southeast Tennessee School District, Ryan Goodman Feb 2013

The Effectiveness Of Ground Groups On Student Behavior In A Southeast Tennessee School District, Ryan Goodman

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine the effectiveness of ground groups on office discipline referrals in a southeast Tennessee school district. Ground groups are meetings that students attended once a week in an effort to find the "middle ground" through modeling and observing particular behaviors. The primary hypothesis examined four schools from two separate districts over the course of two academic school years. The first group included schools from southeast Tennessee that incorporated ground groups and was classified as the treatment group. The second group included comparable schools from southeast Tennessee that did not incorporate ground groups …

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Neurons In The Pontomedullary Reticular Formation Signal Posture And Movement Both As An Integrated Behavior And Independently, Benedicte Schepens, Paul Stapley, Trevor Drew Jan 2013

Neurons In The Pontomedullary Reticular Formation Signal Posture And Movement Both As An Integrated Behavior And Independently, Benedicte Schepens, Paul Stapley, Trevor Drew

Dr Paul J Stapley

We have previously suggested that the discharge characteristics of some neurons in the pontomedullary reticular formation (PMRF) are contingent on the simultaneous requirement for activity in both ipsilateral flexor muscles and contralateral extensors. To test this hypothesis we trained cats to stand on four force platforms and to perform a task in which they were required to reach forward with one forelimb or the other and depress a lever. As such the task required the cat to make a flexion movement followed by an extension in the reaching limb while maintaining postural support by increasing extensor muscle tonus in the …

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Invited Review: Caseins And The Casein Micelle: Their Biological Functions, Structures, And Behavior In Foods, C Holt, J A. Carver, H Ecroyd, D C. Thorn Jan 2013

Invited Review: Caseins And The Casein Micelle: Their Biological Functions, Structures, And Behavior In Foods, C Holt, J A. Carver, H Ecroyd, D C. Thorn

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

A typical casein micelle contains thousands of casein molecules, most of which form thermodynamically stable complexes with nanoclusters of amorphous calcium phosphate. Like many other unfolded proteins, caseins have an actual or potential tendency to assemble into toxic amyloid fibrils, particularly at the high concentrations found in milk. Fibrils do not form in milk because an alternative aggregation pathway is followed that results in formation of the casein micelle. As a result of forming micelles, nutritious milk can be secreted and stored without causing either pathological calcification or amyloidosis of the mother's mammary tissue. The ability to sequester nanoclusters of …

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Computer Gaming And Adhd: Potential Positive Influences On Behavior, Stuart Johnstone Jan 2013

Computer Gaming And Adhd: Potential Positive Influences On Behavior, Stuart Johnstone

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Parents often express concerns about that technology, particularly video has on their children. Indeed, have been associated with problems social isolation and a drop-off in academic achievement, and games containing violence shown to increase aggressive thoughts and. Frequent interaction with video games been associated with subsequent problems functions such as attention and impulse-control However, it is important to note that technology and video games can also be used to improve behavior. During my 15 years of research examining the brain electrical activity and behavior of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), there has been an increase in the use …

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Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, And Plasma Lipids In Overweight And Obese Children, Dylan P. Cliff, Anthony D. Okely, Tracy L. Burrows, Rachel A. Jones, Philip J. Morgan, Clare E. Collins, Louise A. Baur Jan 2013

Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, And Plasma Lipids In Overweight And Obese Children, Dylan P. Cliff, Anthony D. Okely, Tracy L. Burrows, Rachel A. Jones, Philip J. Morgan, Clare E. Collins, Louise A. Baur

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: This study examines the associations between objectively measured sedentary behavior, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and plasma lipids in overweight and obese children. Design and Methods: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted among 126 children aged 5.5-9.9 years. Sedentary behavior, LPA, and MVPA were assessed using accelerometry. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for plasma lipids (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], total cholesterol [TC], and triglycerides [TG]). Results: MVPA was not related to plasma lipids (P > 0.05). Independent of age, sex, energy intake, and waist circumference z-score, sedentary behavior and LPA were associated with HDL-C …

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Trace Elements In The Si Furnace. Part I: Behavior Of Impurities In Quartz During Reduction, Elena Dal Martello, Gabriella Tranell, Oleg Ostrovski, Guangqing Zhang, Ola Raaness, Rune Burg Larsen, Kai Tang, Pramod Koshy Jan 2013

Trace Elements In The Si Furnace. Part I: Behavior Of Impurities In Quartz During Reduction, Elena Dal Martello, Gabriella Tranell, Oleg Ostrovski, Guangqing Zhang, Ola Raaness, Rune Burg Larsen, Kai Tang, Pramod Koshy

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Quartz and carbonaceous materials, which are used in the production of silicon as well as electrodes and refractories in the silicon furnace, contain trace elements mostly in the form of oxides. These oxides can be reduced to gaseous compounds and leave the furnace or stay in the reaction products—metal and slag. This article examines the behavior of trace elements in hydrothermal quartz and quartzite in the reaction of SiO2 with Si or SiC. Mixtures of SiO2 (quartz or quartzite), SiC, and Si in forms of lumps or pellets were heated to 1923 K and 2123 K (1650°C and 1850°C) in …

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Laboratory Study Of Small-Strain Behavior Of A Compacted Silty Sand, Ana Heitor, Buddhima Indraratna, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn Jan 2013

Laboratory Study Of Small-Strain Behavior Of A Compacted Silty Sand, Ana Heitor, Buddhima Indraratna, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Small-strain behavior is a key indicator for assessing the performance of compacted fills. Compaction conditions, i.e., initial moisture content and applied energy, govern compaction effectiveness and thus, the structure and matric suction of compacted soil. This paper presents an experimental study of the small-strain behavior of compacted silty sand prepared with different compaction conditions. Specimens with varying initial moisture contents and compaction energies were tested with bender elements to determine the small-strain shear modulus (G0), while the post-compaction matric suction was measured using the filter paper method and tensiometer. The experimental data suggest a pronounced relationship between G0 and the …

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Behavior Of Hybrid Frp-Concrete-Steel Double-Skin Tubular Columns With A Square Outer Tube And A Circular Innert Tube Subjected To Axial Compression, Tao Yu, J G. Teng Jan 2013

Behavior Of Hybrid Frp-Concrete-Steel Double-Skin Tubular Columns With A Square Outer Tube And A Circular Innert Tube Subjected To Axial Compression, Tao Yu, J G. Teng

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) concrete steel, double skin tubular columns (DSTCs) are a new form of hybrid columns. The most common sectional form of hybrid DSTCs consists of a layer of concrete sandwiched between a circular inner steel tube and a circular outer FRP tube whose fiber directions are close to the hoop detection to provide effective confinement to the concrete. Much recent research has been conducted on circular hybrid DSTCs, which has demonstrated that the combination of the three constituent materials leads to several advantages not available with existing forms of columns. In practical applications, for aesthetic and other …

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Modeling The Internal Erosion Behavior Of Lignosulfonate Treated Soil, Rasika Athukorala, Buddhima Indraratna, Jayan S. Vinod Jan 2013

Modeling The Internal Erosion Behavior Of Lignosulfonate Treated Soil, Rasika Athukorala, Buddhima Indraratna, Jayan S. Vinod

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper presents the development of an analytical model to predict the erosion rate of stabilised soil based on the law of conservation of energy. The model incorporates the strain energy intensity until failure, obtained from the stress-strain curves of lignosulfonate treated soil, to account for the stabilisation. The novel approach of this model is to correlate the shear strength characteristics with the erosion resistance. The proposed equation was used to predict the erosion rates of a non-plastic silty sand treated with lignosulfonate. The erosion resistance was interpreted in terms of the coefficient of soil erosion and the critical shear …

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Simulating The Stress And Strain Behavior Of Loess Via Scc Model, M D. Liu, J Liu, S Horpibulsuk, W Huang Jan 2013

Simulating The Stress And Strain Behavior Of Loess Via Scc Model, M D. Liu, J Liu, S Horpibulsuk, W Huang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The behaviour of collapsible soils (loess) is studied in this paper. Simulations of the stress and strain behaviour of the soil are made via the theoretical framework of Structured Cam Clay, with the effect of glutinous ingredient in loess suggested to be modelled as cementation effect. Based on the simulations, the capacity of the model for representing the behaviour loess is investigated, and discussions on modelling the behaviour of collapsible soil in general are given.

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Microtexture Based Analysis Of Surface Asperity Flattening Behavior Of Annealed Aluminum Alloy In Uniaxial Planar Compression, Hejie Li, Zhengyi Jiang, Dongbin Wei, Xiaoming Zhang Jan 2013

Microtexture Based Analysis Of Surface Asperity Flattening Behavior Of Annealed Aluminum Alloy In Uniaxial Planar Compression, Hejie Li, Zhengyi Jiang, Dongbin Wei, Xiaoming Zhang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

During the uniaxial planar compression of annealed aluminum alloy, a novel approach to determine surface asperity flattening (roughness Ra) is employed by analyzing the evolution of surface microtexture. With an increase in gauged reduction, surface asperity tends to be flattened, and strain hardening increases. Lubrication can constrain the surface asperity flattening process. Development of surface asperity features shows the obvious dependency on [111] orientation. In-grain slips contribute significantly to the evolution of surface microtexture. Influence of deformation twins (brass orientation) on the evolution of microtexture is not obvious under our current experimental conditions.

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Modeling And Experimental Investigation On The Mechanical Behavior Of A Spiral-Type Capsule In The Small Intestine, Hao Zhou, Gursel Alici, Trung Duc Than, Weihua Li Jan 2013

Modeling And Experimental Investigation On The Mechanical Behavior Of A Spiral-Type Capsule In The Small Intestine, Hao Zhou, Gursel Alici, Trung Duc Than, Weihua Li

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper reports on the study of the behavior of the viscoelastic contact between a spiral-type capsule and the small intestine. Both 2D and 3D simulations show that the traction force, which is due to the pressure difference between the two sides of the spirals, is velocity dependent. With an increase in the sliding velocity, the traction force decreases initially due to the reduced stress relaxation. However, if the velocity reaches some certain magnitude, the reduction in the stress becomes negligibly small. The traction force starts to increase because of the higher stress coming from the higher strain rates. The …

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A Self-Regulated Learning Approach For The Remediation Of Behavioral Issues In Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Richard G. Allen Jan 2013

A Self-Regulated Learning Approach For The Remediation Of Behavioral Issues In Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Richard G. Allen

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Behavioral-based interventions have long been demonstrated to be effective for
addressing behavioral difficulties for children with ADHD; however, such interventions do not always include explicit procedures to develop self-regulated learning. This is surprising, considering the strong evidence-based literature related to behaviorally-based self-management interventions. Considering the neurocognitive basis of ADHD, current assessment and intervention practices should emphasize the identification of self-regulatory deficits and evidence-based interventions to build such capacities. The current outcome study examined archival data from 12 cases to determine the clinical effectiveness of a function-based self-management intervention model for children diagnosed with ADHD in a community behavioral health program. …

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Early Effects Of The Tomatis Listening Method In Children With Attention Deficit, Liliana Sacarin Jan 2013

Early Effects Of The Tomatis Listening Method In Children With Attention Deficit, Liliana Sacarin

Antioch University Full-Text Dissertations & Theses

This study investigated the early effects of the Tomatis Method, hypothesizing improvement in processing speed, phonological awareness, reading efficiency, attention, behavior and brain physiology by the end of Phase 1 of the Tomatis Method. This study documented the effects of the first phase of the Tomatis Method on children with ADD ages 7-13. Of the 25 participants, 15 received solely the Tomatis treatment while 10 served as controls and were stabilized on ADD medication three months prior to and throughout the study. Therefore, this research study compared Tomatis versus non-Tomatis intervention, not ADD medication treatment with Tomatis intervention. The Tomatis …

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