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Articles 1 - 25 of 25
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Comparison Between Sequential And Simultaneous Application Of Activated Carbon With Membrane Bioreactor For Trace Organic Contaminant Removal, Luong N. Nguyen, Faisal I. Hai, Jinguo Kang, Long D. Nghiem, William E. Price, Wenshan Guo, Huu H. Ngo, Kuo-Lun Tung
Comparison Between Sequential And Simultaneous Application Of Activated Carbon With Membrane Bioreactor For Trace Organic Contaminant Removal, Luong N. Nguyen, Faisal I. Hai, Jinguo Kang, Long D. Nghiem, William E. Price, Wenshan Guo, Huu H. Ngo, Kuo-Lun Tung
William E. Price
The removal efficiency of 22 selected trace organic contaminants by sequential application of granular activated carbon (GAC) and simultaneous application of powdered activated carbon (PAC) with membrane bioreactor (MBR) was compared in this study. Both sequential application of GAC following MBR treatment (MBR–GAC) and simultaneous application of PAC within MBR (PAC–MBR) achieved improved removal (over 95%) of seven hydrophilic and biologically persistent compounds, which were less efficiently removed by MBR-only treatment (negligible to 70%). However, gradual breakthrough of these compounds occurred over an extended operation period. Charged compounds, particularly, fenoprop and diclofenac, demonstrated the fastest breakthrough (complete and 50–70%, in …
Optimising Layered Integrated Instructional Design Through The Application Of Cognitive Load Theory, Abdallah Alasraj, Mark Freeman, Paul Chandler
Optimising Layered Integrated Instructional Design Through The Application Of Cognitive Load Theory, Abdallah Alasraj, Mark Freeman, Paul Chandler
Dr Mark Freeman
This study examined the effect of cognitive load on knowledge construction through the use of web-based layered integrated instructional design techniques. The premise through using this approach was that it would better facilitate a learner’s schema development. This research focused on how the design of web-based integrated instructional materials can utilise the principles of Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), to optimise the learning process within the university environment for learning models of procedural tasks. The study compared three different layered integrated instructional designs to identify which approach had the greatest benefit on learning outcomes. The procedural task that was used involved …
Identifying Structural Breaks In The Lebanese Economy 1970-2003: An Application Of The Zivot And Andrews Test, Charles Harvie, Mosayeb Pahlavani, Ali S. Saleh
Identifying Structural Breaks In The Lebanese Economy 1970-2003: An Application Of The Zivot And Andrews Test, Charles Harvie, Mosayeb Pahlavani, Ali S. Saleh
Charles Harvie
During the 1960s and early 1970s the Lebanese economy was characterized by low inflation, high growth, sizeable balance of payments surpluses and small public sector deficits, which made it a highly attractive business centre. During this period the country was described as the Switzerland or Paris of the East. This macroeconomic stability did not last long, however, as the economy subsequently underwent fundamental structural changes during most years after the mid 1970s. The aim of this paper is to identify the timing of major structural breaks in the Lebanese economy by applying the Zivot and Andrews (ZA) (1992) procedure, using …
An Application Of The New Cointegration Techniques In Export-Gdp Nexus In Iran, Mosayeb Pahlavani, Edgar J. Wilson
An Application Of The New Cointegration Techniques In Export-Gdp Nexus In Iran, Mosayeb Pahlavani, Edgar J. Wilson
Edgar Wilson
This paper examines the major determinants of GDP growth in Iran using annual time series data spanning form 1960 to 2003.
Potential Application Of Solid Electrolyte P11oh In Ni/Mh Batteries, C.Y Wang, J. Sun, Hua-Kun Liu, S. X. Dou, D. Macfarlace, M. Forsyth
Potential Application Of Solid Electrolyte P11oh In Ni/Mh Batteries, C.Y Wang, J. Sun, Hua-Kun Liu, S. X. Dou, D. Macfarlace, M. Forsyth
Shi Xue Dou
No abstract provided.
Fabrication Of Chemical Sensors Using Inkjet Printing And Application To Gas Detection, Karl H. Crowley, Aoife Morrin, Malcolm R. Smyth, Anthony J. Killard, Roderick Shepherd, Marc In Het Panhuis, Gordon G. Wallace
Fabrication Of Chemical Sensors Using Inkjet Printing And Application To Gas Detection, Karl H. Crowley, Aoife Morrin, Malcolm R. Smyth, Anthony J. Killard, Roderick Shepherd, Marc In Het Panhuis, Gordon G. Wallace
Gordon Wallace
This work describes the fabrication of gas sensors using inkjet printing. Sensors were constructed by building up a film of sensing material, such as polyaniline, from aqueous nanoparticulate dispersions. These films were printed over patterned silver interdigitated array designs for the purposes of conductimetric analysis. Unlike screen printing or lithography, inkjet printing does not require stencils or masks, therefore allowing rapid design and prototyping. For this study, polyaniline and modified polyaniline sensors were inkjet printed and assessed for the purposes of gas sensing applications, specifically hydrogen sulfide monitoring.
Nanofiber Mats From Dna, Swnts, And Poly(Ethylene Oxide) And Their Application In Glucose Biosensors, Jun Chen, Chee O. Too, Gordon G. Wallace, Tuan A Nguyen, Violetta Misoska, Yong Liu
Nanofiber Mats From Dna, Swnts, And Poly(Ethylene Oxide) And Their Application In Glucose Biosensors, Jun Chen, Chee O. Too, Gordon G. Wallace, Tuan A Nguyen, Violetta Misoska, Yong Liu
Gordon Wallace
Ultrafine fibers with diameters ranging from 50 to 300 nm were prepared from DNA/single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs)/poly(ethylene oxide) blended dispersion. Well-defined electrospun fibers were obtained by good control of key dispersion properties related to electrospinning, such as ionic conductivity, surface tension, and viscosity. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of SWNT in the resulting fibers, indicating good interaction between DNA and SWNT. The resulting fibers also exhibited electroactive behavior and could be used as an immobilization matrix for a glucose oxidase enzyme biosensor. The sensor response was linear up to 20 mM glucose with a sensitivity of 2.4 mA cm -2 …
Hybrid Nanomembranes For High Power And High Energy Density Supercapacitors And Their Yarn Application, Jae Ah Lee, Min-Kyoon Shin, Seon Jeong Kim, Geoffrey Maxwell Spinks, Gordon G. Wallace, Raquel Ovalle-Robles, Marcio D. Lima, Mikhail E. Kozlov, Ray H. Baughman
Hybrid Nanomembranes For High Power And High Energy Density Supercapacitors And Their Yarn Application, Jae Ah Lee, Min-Kyoon Shin, Seon Jeong Kim, Geoffrey Maxwell Spinks, Gordon G. Wallace, Raquel Ovalle-Robles, Marcio D. Lima, Mikhail E. Kozlov, Ray H. Baughman
Gordon Wallace
Ultrathin (thicknessnm) electrically conducting membranes can be used as electrodes for sensors, actuators, optical devices, fuel cells, scaffolds for assembling nanoparticles, and separation of biological macromolecules.1-6 Various approaches have been suggested for the fabrication of free-standing nanomembranes based on organic polymers and/or inorganic materials: spin-casting of films,7 layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolyte multilayers,8 cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers,9 and assembly of triblock copolymers.10,11 Loading materials such as gold nanoparticles12 or carbon nanotubes13 make membranes robust and electrically conductive. However, these methods are often time-consuming and have some limitations in terms of achievable electrical and electrochemical membrane performance as well as scale-up. Alternative …
Simultaneous Retrieval Of Atmospheric Co2 And Light Path Modification From Space-Based Spectroscopic Observations Of Greenhouse Gases: Methodology And Application To Gosat Measurements Over Tccon Sites, Sergey Oshchepkov, Andrey Bril, Tatsuya Yokota, Yukio Yoshida, Thomas Blumenstock, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Susanne Dohe, Ronald Macatangay, Isamu Morino, Justus Notholt, Markus Rettinger, Christof Petri, Matthias Schneider, Ralf Sussmann, Osamu Uchino, Voltaire A. Velazco, Debra Wunch, Dmitry Belikov
Simultaneous Retrieval Of Atmospheric Co2 And Light Path Modification From Space-Based Spectroscopic Observations Of Greenhouse Gases: Methodology And Application To Gosat Measurements Over Tccon Sites, Sergey Oshchepkov, Andrey Bril, Tatsuya Yokota, Yukio Yoshida, Thomas Blumenstock, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Susanne Dohe, Ronald Macatangay, Isamu Morino, Justus Notholt, Markus Rettinger, Christof Petri, Matthias Schneider, Ralf Sussmann, Osamu Uchino, Voltaire A. Velazco, Debra Wunch, Dmitry Belikov
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
This paper presents an improved photon path length probability density function method that permits simultaneous retrievals of column-average greenhouse gas mole fractions and light path modifications through the atmosphere when processing high-resolution radiance spectra acquired from space. We primarily describe the methodology and retrieval setup and then apply them to the processing of spectra measured by the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). We have demonstrated substantial improvements of the data processing with simultaneous carbon dioxide and light path retrievals and reasonable agreement of the satellite-based retrievals against ground-based Fourier transform spectrometer measurements provided by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network …
A Comparison Of Two Delivery Modalities Of A Mobile Phone-Based Assessment For Serious Mental Illness: Native Smartphone Application Vs Text-Messaging Only Implementations, John Ainsworth, Jasper E. Palmier-Claus, Matthew Machin, Christine Barrowclough, Graham Dunn, Anne Rogers, Iain Buchan, Emma Barkus, Shitij Kapur, Til Wykes, Richard S. Hopkins, Shon Lewis
A Comparison Of Two Delivery Modalities Of A Mobile Phone-Based Assessment For Serious Mental Illness: Native Smartphone Application Vs Text-Messaging Only Implementations, John Ainsworth, Jasper E. Palmier-Claus, Matthew Machin, Christine Barrowclough, Graham Dunn, Anne Rogers, Iain Buchan, Emma Barkus, Shitij Kapur, Til Wykes, Richard S. Hopkins, Shon Lewis
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Background: Mobile phone-based assessment may represent a cost-effective and clinically effective method of monitoring psychotic symptoms in real-time. There are several software options, including the use of native smartphone applications and text messages (short message service, SMS). Little is known about the strengths and limitations of these two approaches in monitoring symptoms in individuals with serious mental illness. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare two different delivery modalities of the same diagnostic assessment for individuals with non-affective psychosis-a native smartphone application employing a graphical, touch user interface against an SMS text-only implementation. The overall hypothesis of the …
Effective Teaching And Motivation: Application Of Self-Determination Theory, Dana J. Perlman
Effective Teaching And Motivation: Application Of Self-Determination Theory, Dana J. Perlman
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Developing quality and effective future teachers is a cornerstone of all teacher-education programs. An area of inquiry that has been identified as influential within the teacher development process is the concept of motivation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine if there were differences between elements of effective teaching based on preservice teachers (PTs) motivation toward teaching. 68 (Male=44; Female=24) undergraduate Physical and Health Education PTs were recruited within this study. PT data were collected on their motivation toward teaching and elements of effective teaching. Results indicated that motivation was associated with elements of effective teaching.
Comparison Between Sequential And Simultaneous Application Of Activated Carbon With Membrane Bioreactor For Trace Organic Contaminant Removal, Luong N. Nguyen, Faisal I. Hai, Jinguo Kang, Long D. Nghiem, William E. Price, Wenshan Guo, Huu H. Ngo, Kuo-Lun Tung
Comparison Between Sequential And Simultaneous Application Of Activated Carbon With Membrane Bioreactor For Trace Organic Contaminant Removal, Luong N. Nguyen, Faisal I. Hai, Jinguo Kang, Long D. Nghiem, William E. Price, Wenshan Guo, Huu H. Ngo, Kuo-Lun Tung
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
The removal efficiency of 22 selected trace organic contaminants by sequential application of granular activated carbon (GAC) and simultaneous application of powdered activated carbon (PAC) with membrane bioreactor (MBR) was compared in this study. Both sequential application of GAC following MBR treatment (MBR–GAC) and simultaneous application of PAC within MBR (PAC–MBR) achieved improved removal (over 95%) of seven hydrophilic and biologically persistent compounds, which were less efficiently removed by MBR-only treatment (negligible to 70%). However, gradual breakthrough of these compounds occurred over an extended operation period. Charged compounds, particularly, fenoprop and diclofenac, demonstrated the fastest breakthrough (complete and 50–70%, in …
Exploring The Application Of Computer-Assisted English Learning In A Chinese Mainland Context: Based On Students' Attitudes And Behaviours, Jinjin Lu, Paul Throssell, Han Jiang
Exploring The Application Of Computer-Assisted English Learning In A Chinese Mainland Context: Based On Students' Attitudes And Behaviours, Jinjin Lu, Paul Throssell, Han Jiang
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) has played an important role in language curriculums for Chinese schools and university over two decades; however, few researchers rare focused on this applicable tool from students' views. Based on theories of human agency, it is essential to know people' attitudes and acceptance of the information technology (Rogers, 1983). Hence, this paper explores university students' attitudes on the widespread teaching and learning approaches utilising computer-assisted language learning in the subject university in mainland China. Data was collected by using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Current computer-related behaviours were investigated by using a questionnaire; while their attitudes …
Sparse Representation Of Gpr Traces With Application To Signal Classification, Wenbin Shao, Abdesselam Bouzerdoum, Son Lam Phung
Sparse Representation Of Gpr Traces With Application To Signal Classification, Wenbin Shao, Abdesselam Bouzerdoum, Son Lam Phung
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
Sparse representation (SR) models a signal with a small number of elementary waves using an overcomplete dictionary. It has been employed for a wide range of signal and image processing applications, including denoising, deblurring, and compression. In this paper, we present an adaptive SR method for modeling and classifying ground penetrating radar (GPR) signals. The proposed method decomposes each GPR trace into elementary waves using an adaptive Gabor dictionary. The sparse decomposition is used to extract salient features for SR and classification of GPR signals. Experimental results on real-world data show that the proposed sparse decomposition achieves efficient signal representation …
A Time-Varying Mimo Generalized Minimum Variance Controller For Servo Application, Zheng Li, Guoli Wang
A Time-Varying Mimo Generalized Minimum Variance Controller For Servo Application, Zheng Li, Guoli Wang
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
A generalized minimum variance controller is developed for multiple input and multiple output systems having time-varying dynamics. The plant to be controlled is described using a controlled autoregressive moving average model and the control objective is to minimize a generalized minimum variance performance index for servo applications. (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
An Application Of Nonlinear Feature Extraction – A Case Study For Low Speed Slewing Bearing Condition Monitoring And Prognosis, Wahyu Caesarendra, Prabuono Buyung Kosasih, A K. Tieu, Craig Moodie
An Application Of Nonlinear Feature Extraction – A Case Study For Low Speed Slewing Bearing Condition Monitoring And Prognosis, Wahyu Caesarendra, Prabuono Buyung Kosasih, A K. Tieu, Craig Moodie
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
This paper presents the application of four nonlinear methods of feature extraction in slewing bearing condition monitoring and prognosis: these are largest Lyapunov exponent, fractal dimension, correlation dimension, and approximate entropy methods. Although correlation dimension and approximate entropy methods have been used previously, the largest Lyapunov exponent and fractal dimension methods have not been used in vibration condition monitoring to date. The vibration data of the laboratory slewing bearing test-rig run at 1 rpm was acquired daily from February to August 2007 (138 days). As time progressed, a more accurate observation of the alteration of bearing condition from normal to …
In Situ One-Step Synthesis Of A 3d Nanostructured Germanium-Graphene Composite And Its Application In Lithium-Ion Batteries, Chao Zhong, Jia-Zhao Wang, Xuan-Wen Gao, David Wexler, Hua-Kun Liu
In Situ One-Step Synthesis Of A 3d Nanostructured Germanium-Graphene Composite And Its Application In Lithium-Ion Batteries, Chao Zhong, Jia-Zhao Wang, Xuan-Wen Gao, David Wexler, Hua-Kun Liu
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
A germanium-graphene nanocomposite material with three-dimensional nanostructures has been synthesized by an efficient one-step, in situ, and aqueous-based method. The electrochemical properties of the germanium-graphene nanocomposite have been evaluated by galvanostatic discharge-charge cycling, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results show that the germanium-graphene nanocomposite has a much more stable cycling performance than that of the pure germanium, with a capacity of about 832 mA h g-1 after 50 cycles. The rate capability is also improved significantly. The superior performance is attributed to the graphene content, which increases the material's conductivity, enlarges the specific surface area, delivers enough sites to …
Controllable Ring Signatures And Its Application To E-Prosecution, Wei Gao, Guilin Wang, Xueli Wang, Dongqing Xie
Controllable Ring Signatures And Its Application To E-Prosecution, Wei Gao, Guilin Wang, Xueli Wang, Dongqing Xie
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
This paper introduces a new concept called controllable ring signature which is ring signature with additional properties as follow. (1) Anonymous identifica-tion: by an anonymous identification protocol, the real signer can anonymously prove his authorship of the ring signature to the verifier. And this proof is non-transferable. (2) Linkable signature: the real signer can generate an anonymous signature such that every one can verify whether both this anonymous signature and the ring signature are generated by the same anonymous signer. (3) Convertibility: the real signer can convert a ring signature into an ordinary signature by revealing the secret information about …
Application Of Multiple Objective Particle Swarm Optimisation In The Design Of Damaged Offshore Mooring Systems, Zhuo Wang, Timothy J. Mccarthy, M Neaz Sheikh
Application Of Multiple Objective Particle Swarm Optimisation In The Design Of Damaged Offshore Mooring Systems, Zhuo Wang, Timothy J. Mccarthy, M Neaz Sheikh
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
The offshore hydrocarbon industry operates in more hostile environments as more of marginal fields become economically viable. This means that more floating production systems and economical mooring systems will be needed. With this increase in the use of marginal fields goes the need to re-use vessels and moorings. Floating production systems, such as FPSO's, need to survive extreme events and extreme damage conditions. When one mooring line is damaged, the remaining ones must be sufficient to avoid a complete failure and still protect critical components such as the riser. This paper looks into applying an evolutionary optimisation technique, namely multiple …
Application Of Thresholds Of Potential Concern And Limits Of Acceptable Change In The Condition Assessment Of A Significant Wetland, Kerrylee Rogers, Neil Saintilan, Matthew J. Colloff, Li Wen
Application Of Thresholds Of Potential Concern And Limits Of Acceptable Change In The Condition Assessment Of A Significant Wetland, Kerrylee Rogers, Neil Saintilan, Matthew J. Colloff, Li Wen
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
We propose a framework in which thresholds of potential concern (TPCs) and limits of acceptable change (LACs) are used in concert in the assessment of wetland condition and vulnerability and apply the framework in a case study. The lower Murrumbidgee River floodplain (the 'Lowbidgee') is one of the most ecologically important wetlands in Australia and the focus of intense management intervention by State and Federal government agencies. We used a targeted management stakeholder workshop to identify key values that contribute to the ecological significance of the Lowbidgee floodplain, and identified LACs that, if crossed, would signify the loss of significance. …
Autonomous Thin Spray-On Liner Application In Irregular Tunnel And Mine Roadway Surfaces, M P. Tibbs, O K. Tyler, S Van Duin, E Baafi
Autonomous Thin Spray-On Liner Application In Irregular Tunnel And Mine Roadway Surfaces, M P. Tibbs, O K. Tyler, S Van Duin, E Baafi
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
An autonomous spray application system for a structural Thin Spray-on Liner (TSL) is targeting productivity and safety on underground coal continuous miners by replacing steel mesh, and has broader applications as surface support and confinement in metalliferous mines and civil tunnelling. Polymer chemistry, coating formulation, geotechnical assessment and the autonomous application system are being developed within an integrated package as part of a continuous miner automation project. The polymer-based TSL system, dubbed "ToughSkin", has significant benefits over conventional steel mesh, including; more automatable by spray application, complete skin confinement, active skin reinforcement as a fast-curing composite with substrate, and effective …
A Compressed Sensing Method For Complex-Valued Signals With Application To Through-The-Wall Radar Imaging, Fok Hing Chi Tivive, Abdesselam Bouzerdoum
A Compressed Sensing Method For Complex-Valued Signals With Application To Through-The-Wall Radar Imaging, Fok Hing Chi Tivive, Abdesselam Bouzerdoum
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
In this paper, we present a compressed sensing method for complex-valued signals based on multiple measurement vector compressed sensing model. The proposed method constrains the real and imaginary parts of the recovered signal to have the same sparsity profile. It is applied to a compressed sensing through-the-wall radar imaging problem. Experiments based on synthetic data shows that the proposed method achieves lower reconstruction error than the existing CS method.
Application Of Mbse To Requirements Engineering - Research Challenges, Mike Ryan, Stephen Cook, William R. Scott
Application Of Mbse To Requirements Engineering - Research Challenges, Mike Ryan, Stephen Cook, William R. Scott
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
Models and simulations have always played an important role in engineering and systems engineering. Physical scale models, full-sized models, and computer models are commonly used in all forms of engineering and design. In recent times, interest in modelling has increased to span the full system lifecycle and there has been a significant focus on Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE). The extension of formal modelling into all phases, and particularly the conceptual design phase, of a system development is a significant step and proponents of MBSE suggest that it will provide considerable benefits. The application of modelling requires considerable care, however. A …
Self-Assembly Of Hierarchical Star-Like Co3o4 Micro/Nanostructures And Their Application In Lithium Ion Batteries, Li Li, Kuok Hau Seng, Zhixin Chen, Zaiping Guo, Hua-Kun Liu
Self-Assembly Of Hierarchical Star-Like Co3o4 Micro/Nanostructures And Their Application In Lithium Ion Batteries, Li Li, Kuok Hau Seng, Zhixin Chen, Zaiping Guo, Hua-Kun Liu
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
A novel hierarchical star-like Co3O4 was successfully synthesized from self-assembled hierarchical Co(OH)F precursors via a facile hydrothermal method and subsequent annealing in air. The morphological evolution process of the Co(OH)F precursors was investigated by examining the different reaction times during synthesis. First, hexagonal plates are formed, and then nanodiscs grow on the surface of the plates. Subsequently, dissolution and regrowth of Co(OH)F occur to form the star-like hierarchical structures. Co3O4 obtained from thermal decomposition of the Co(OH)F precursor in air at 350 °C exhibited high reversible capacity as an anode material in lithium ion batteries. The specific charge capacity of …
A Novel Method Of Embedding Additional Information Into Tensor Diffusion Filtering As An Application For Multi-Modal Reconstruction In Et, D Kazantsev, Sebastien Ourselin, Brian F. Hutton, W. R B. Lionheart, Simon Arridge
A Novel Method Of Embedding Additional Information Into Tensor Diffusion Filtering As An Application For Multi-Modal Reconstruction In Et, D Kazantsev, Sebastien Ourselin, Brian F. Hutton, W. R B. Lionheart, Simon Arridge
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
The fast development of hybrid imaging modalities in tomography, such as SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography)/CT (computed tomography), PET (positron emission tomography)/MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and PET/CT, have increased an interest for reconstruction algorithms which are able to utilize a functional and anatomical information at the same time. In this paper a new method proposed for iterative reconstruction with anatomical prior in emission tomography (ET). The introduced regularization term is a modified anisotropic tensor diffusion filter which has shape-adapted smoothing properties. The filter accommodates available anatomical information which results in enhanced position and image dependent spatial resolution of emission …