Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Economics (16)
- Sociology (11)
- Political Science (6)
- Labor Economics (5)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (5)
-
- Arts and Humanities (4)
- Growth and Development (4)
- Inequality and Stratification (4)
- International and Area Studies (4)
- Law (3)
- Political Economy (3)
- Politics and Social Change (3)
- Race and Ethnicity (3)
- American Politics (2)
- Asian Studies (2)
- Business (2)
- Gender and Sexuality (2)
- Income Distribution (2)
- International Relations (2)
- Law and Gender (2)
- Psychology (2)
- Public Policy (2)
- Technology and Innovation (2)
- Work, Economy and Organizations (2)
- Agricultural and Resource Economics (1)
- Civil Rights and Discrimination (1)
- Econometrics (1)
- Economic Policy (1)
- Education Law (1)
- Institution
- Publication
-
- Evan S. Te Ahu Poata-Smith (3)
- Honors Theses (2)
- Research Collection School Of Economics (2)
- Adrián Villaseñor (1)
- Arjun Jayadev (1)
-
- BASAK KUS (1)
- CMC Senior Theses (1)
- Carmen G. Gonzalez (1)
- College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations (1)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (1)
- Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository (1)
- Evgeny A. Klochikhin (1)
- Howard H. Lentner (1)
- Juan B. Moreno-Cruz (1)
- Julia Ingrid Lane (1)
- Justin Schwartz (1)
- Karl Widerquist (1)
- Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers (1)
- Mario Pianta (1)
- Martin Ravallion (1)
- Matthew Freedman (1)
- Maximo Rossi (1)
- Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy (1)
- Research Collection School of Social Sciences (1)
- Social Sciences (1)
- Sociology Faculty Publications (1)
- Thomas Woodson (1)
- Upjohn Institute Policy Papers (1)
- Upjohn Institute Working Papers (1)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 33
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Institutionalization Of Minority Students In Education, Andrea P. Garibay
The Institutionalization Of Minority Students In Education, Andrea P. Garibay
Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
How Long Will It Take To Lift One Billion People Out Of Poverty?, Martin Ravallion
How Long Will It Take To Lift One Billion People Out Of Poverty?, Martin Ravallion
Martin Ravallion
Alternative scenarios are considered for reducing by one billion the number of people living below $1.25 a day. The low-case, “pessimistic,” path to that goal would see the developing world outside China returning to its slower pace of growth and poverty reduction of the 1980s and 1990s, though with China maintaining its progress. This path would take another 50 years or more to lift one billion people out of poverty. The more optimistic path would maintain the (impressive) progress against poverty since 2000, which would instead reach the target by around 2025-30. This scenario is consistent with both linear projections …
Social And Adversarial Varieties Of Democracy: Which Produces Fewer Criminals?, Devin K. Joshi
Social And Adversarial Varieties Of Democracy: Which Produces Fewer Criminals?, Devin K. Joshi
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This article explores the relationship between two prominent varieties of democracy and the size of a country’s prison population. Theoretically, it proposes that social democracies increase social and economic equality which reduces both the “demand for crime” and the number of criminals. Adversarial democracies, on the other hand, generate higher levels of inequality and insecurity that lead to higher levels of crime. Utilizing a structured, focused comparison of Nordic social democracies and Anglo-American adversarial democracies complemented by cross-sectional multiple regression analysis of twenty industrialized democracies, I find empirical support for both of these conjectures. A major implication of this study …
Financialization And Income Inequality In Oecd Countries: 1995-2007, Basak Kus
Financialization And Income Inequality In Oecd Countries: 1995-2007, Basak Kus
BASAK KUS
No abstract provided.
Research Inequality In Nanomedicine, Thomas Woodson
Research Inequality In Nanomedicine, Thomas Woodson
Thomas Woodson
The 10-90 gap is an idea in the healthcare literature that less than 10%of all research funding goes to solving health problems that are 90%of the global disease burden. This paper examines whether there is inequality in nanotechnology healthcare research (nanomedicine). To understand the inequality in nanomedicine, I conducted a bibliometric review of Web of Science and PubMed databases. Overall there is not large inequality in nanomedicine research. The bibliometric analysis shows that most nanomedicine research is done in high income countries, but their research portfolios extend beyond rich world diseases like Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes to include research on …
Income Inequality In U.S. Metropolitan Areas: Which Areas Have The Greatest Inequality And Why?, C. Peterson Compton
Income Inequality In U.S. Metropolitan Areas: Which Areas Have The Greatest Inequality And Why?, C. Peterson Compton
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In recent years, much focus has been placed on the high and growing level of income inequality in the United States. This composition begins to fill a void in the existing literature by examining specific urban areas that have particularly high levels of inequality and the characteristics that factor into inequality. In this paper, I construct a qualitative model for a particularly unequal metropolitan area. I then apply the model to a set of U.S. metros that are among the most unequal in the country and share a particular set of characteristics consistent with the model.
Dynamic Poverty Decomposition Analysis: An Application To The Philippines, Tomoki Fujii
Dynamic Poverty Decomposition Analysis: An Application To The Philippines, Tomoki Fujii
Research Collection School Of Economics
In this paper, we propose a new method of poverty decomposition. Our method remedies the shortcomings of existing methods and has some desirable properties such as time-reversion consistency and subperiod additivity. It integrates the existing methods of growth-redistribution decomposition and sector-based decomposition, because it allows us to decompose poverty change into growth and redistribution components for each group (e.g. regions or sectors) in the economy. We extend our method to have six components and provide an empirical application to the Philippines for the period 1985-2009.
Decomposing The Sources Of Earnings Inequality: Assessing The Role Of Reallocation, Fredrik Andersson, Elizabeth Davis, Matthew Freedman, Julia Lane, Brian Mccall, L. Kristin Sandusky
Decomposing The Sources Of Earnings Inequality: Assessing The Role Of Reallocation, Fredrik Andersson, Elizabeth Davis, Matthew Freedman, Julia Lane, Brian Mccall, L. Kristin Sandusky
Matthew Freedman
Social Spending, Taxes And Income Redistribution In Uruguay, Maximo Rossi, Nora Lustig, Marisa Bucheli, Florencia Amabile
Social Spending, Taxes And Income Redistribution In Uruguay, Maximo Rossi, Nora Lustig, Marisa Bucheli, Florencia Amabile
Maximo Rossi
How much redistribution does Uruguay accomplish through social spending and taxes? How progressive are revenue collection and social spending? A standard fiscal incidence analysis shows that Uruguay achieves a nontrivial reduction in inequality and poverty when all taxes and transfers are combined. In comparison with other five countries in Latin America, it ranks first (poverty reduction) and second (inequality reduction), and first in terms of poverty reduction effectiveness and third in terms of overall (including ransfers in kind) inequality reduction effectiveness. Direct taxes are progressive and indirect taxes are regressive. Social spending on direct transfers, contributory pensions, education and health …
Closing The Gaps? The Politics Of Maori Inequality., Evan Poata-Smith
Closing The Gaps? The Politics Of Maori Inequality., Evan Poata-Smith
Evan S. Te Ahu Poata-Smith
No abstract provided.
The Political Economy Of Inequality Between Maori And Pakeha, Evan Poata-Smith
The Political Economy Of Inequality Between Maori And Pakeha, Evan Poata-Smith
Evan S. Te Ahu Poata-Smith
No abstract provided.
Te Ao Marama? Cultural Solutions To Maori Educational Inequality: A Critique, Evan Poata-Smith
Te Ao Marama? Cultural Solutions To Maori Educational Inequality: A Critique, Evan Poata-Smith
Evan S. Te Ahu Poata-Smith
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Motivations To Resist Social Change And Accept Inequality On Perceptions Of System Legitimacy, Mark Brandt
The Effects Of Motivations To Resist Social Change And Accept Inequality On Perceptions Of System Legitimacy, Mark Brandt
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Two theories. system justification theory (SJT) and social dominance theory (SDT). both attempt to explain the prevalence and stability of unequal social systems and are o-ften consider analogous by their proponents. With the newly proposed Two Dimensional i'vlodel of System Legitimacy (2D-iv10SL). 1 argue that each theory captures a dimension of system relevant motivations: the resistance to social change (RSC). has primarily been studied by SJT and ranges on a continuum from the resistance to the acceptance of social change and the acceptance of inequality (AOI). has primarily been studied by SDT and ranges on a continuum !rom the acceptance …
Effects Of Income Inequality On Economic Growth, Madelyn Degutis
Effects Of Income Inequality On Economic Growth, Madelyn Degutis
Honors Theses
Economic growth reflects the change in the overall well-being of a country and the standard of living of its population. It is important to understand what factors affect economic growth. This thesis hypothesizes that income inequality negatively affects growth. A country-level data set of 114 countries for 2000 and 2005 is used to estimate a growth model. The dependent variable, the five year average of economic growth per capita, is regressed on a set of standard factors (human capital, investment, and technology), institutional factors (political stability, corruption, and property rights), income inequality, and demographic factors (gender equality and racial diversity). …
Immigration And Reverse Brain Drain In South East Asia, Trang T. Tran
Immigration And Reverse Brain Drain In South East Asia, Trang T. Tran
Honors Theses
In recent years, governments around the world have shown increasing concerns about brain drain, the shift in human intelligence of many of their best educated citizens from developing countries to developed countries, as it causes negative effects on social and economic sectors of the source country. Nonetheless, Kuhn and McAusland (2006) argue that talent might often be wasted at home; migration to more supportive environments raises global innovation. Saxenian (2003) finds that gains may flow back to the developing country via returnees with enhanced skills, personal connections, and ideas for innovation. This thesis studies the causes of immigration. The study …
Aesthetic Labour At The Coffee Shop: Exploring Young Workers' Perceptions Of The Service Encounter, Diana Judit Szabo
Aesthetic Labour At The Coffee Shop: Exploring Young Workers' Perceptions Of The Service Encounter, Diana Judit Szabo
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Using qualitative data gathered from in-depth interviews, this research aims to elucidate how young coffeehouse baristas experience the service encounter. As "aesthetic labourers," baristas are hypothesized to possess a certain level of embodied capital, which empowers them in their interactions with customers. However, many young interactive service workers are stopgap workers who do not intend to make careers out of their part-time jobs. How does their unique position in the labour market influence the ways in which these workers experience employment in the lower tier of the service sector? The findings suggest that age and class intersect in the coffeehouse …
Resolving America's Human Capital Paradox: A Jobs Compact For The Future, Thomas A. Kochan
Resolving America's Human Capital Paradox: A Jobs Compact For The Future, Thomas A. Kochan
Upjohn Institute Policy Papers
It is widely recognized that human capital is essential to sustaining a competitive economy at high and rising living standards. Yet acceptance of persistent high unemployment, stagnant wages, and other indicators of declining job quality suggests that policymakers and employers undervalue human capital. This paper traces the root cause of this apparent paradox to the primacy afforded shareholder value over human resource considerations in American firms and the longstanding gridlock over employment policy. I suggest that a new jobs compact will be needed to close the deficit in jobs lost in the recent recession and to achieve sustained real wage …
Estimating Guard Labor, Arjun Jayadev
Estimating Guard Labor, Arjun Jayadev
Arjun Jayadev
As a background paper to Jayadev and Bowles (2006), this paper provides details on our measure of guard labor as we measure these in labor units. Data from the United States indicate a significant increase in its extent in the U.S. over the period 1890 to the present. Cross-national comparisons show a significant statistical association between income inequality and the fraction of the labor force that is constituted by guard labor, as well as with measures of political legitimacy (inversely) and political conflict.
Procedural Paper Draft. Asset Inequality Conceptual Framework And Measurement Methodology, Luis A. Villasenor
Procedural Paper Draft. Asset Inequality Conceptual Framework And Measurement Methodology, Luis A. Villasenor
Adrián Villaseñor
No abstract provided.
Fitness Tax Credits: Costs, Benefits, And Viability, Daniel M. Reach
Fitness Tax Credits: Costs, Benefits, And Viability, Daniel M. Reach
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
As the number of overweight and obese Americans rises, it becomes increasingly clear that Americans need further incentives to stimulate lasting lifestyle changes. Tax incentives focused on exercise, which have been largely unexplored to this point, are an effective response to the growing obesity problem in the United States that would largely avoid the political opposition that tax policies focused on diet have encountered. In addition, they would also provide a more palatable solution for the taxpayer beneficiaries with a relatively low impact on government revenues. Viable tax incentives to encourage greater fitness include tax credits and sales tax breaks, …
America's Human Capital Paradox, Thomas A. Kochan
America's Human Capital Paradox, Thomas A. Kochan
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
It is widely recognized that human capital is essential to sustaining a competitive economy at high and rising living standards. Yet acceptance of persistent high unemployment, stagnant wages, and other indicators of declining job quality suggests that policymakers and employers undervalue human capital. This paper traces the root cause of this apparent paradox to the primacy afforded shareholder value over human resource considerations in American firms and the longstanding gridlock over employment policy. I suggest that a new jobs compact will be needed to close the deficit in jobs lost in the recent recession and to achieve sustained real wage …
Micro-Finance Competition With Motivated Mfis, Brishti Guha, Prabal Roy Chowdhury
Micro-Finance Competition With Motivated Mfis, Brishti Guha, Prabal Roy Chowdhury
Research Collection School Of Economics
In this paper we examine the effect of increased MFI competition, focusing on its implications for borrower targeting, both in the presence and the absence of double-dipping. In the absence of competition we find that the loans are more likely to go to relatively richer borrowers whenever inequality is not too large, and the technology is sufficiently convex. In the presence of competition, the results depend on whether double-dipping is feasible or not. In case double-dipping is not feasible, we find that the MFIs necessarily target the richer borrowers. Interestingly, it turns out that double-dipping may encourage the MFIs to …
Race And Socioeconomic Status Differences In Study Abroad Participation: The Role Of Habitus, Social Networks, And Cultural Capital, Jennifer Renee Simon, James W. Ainsworth
Race And Socioeconomic Status Differences In Study Abroad Participation: The Role Of Habitus, Social Networks, And Cultural Capital, Jennifer Renee Simon, James W. Ainsworth
Sociology Faculty Publications
This study examines how race and socioeconomic status contribute to disparities in study abroad participation. Our mixed methods approach provides a broad overview of the selection process into study abroad using national data. It also provides a nuanced understanding of the mechanisms that perpetuate inequality among Black and lower class students. Both quantitative and qualitative results show that students’ habits, social networks, and cultural capital shape their study abroad experiences. We find that students with a positive predisposition toward internationalization (having foreign-born parents and/or experiencing different cultures overseas) were more likely to study abroad.Whites and high socioeconomic status students were …
Decomposing The Sources Of Earnings Inequality: Assessing The Role Of Reallocation, Julia Ingrid Lane
Decomposing The Sources Of Earnings Inequality: Assessing The Role Of Reallocation, Julia Ingrid Lane
Julia Ingrid Lane
This paper exploits longitudinal employer-employee matched data from the U.S. Census Bureau to investigate the contribution of worker and firm reallocation to changes in earnings inequality within and across industries between 1992 and 2003. We find that factors that cannot be measured using standard cross-sectional data, including the entry and exit of firms and the sorting of workers across firms, are important sources of changes in earnings distributions over time. Our results also suggest that the dynamics driving changes in earnings inequality are heterogeneous across industries.
It Ain’T Necessarily So: The Misuse Of “Human Nature” In Law And Social Policy And Bankruptcy Of The “Nature-Nurture” Debate, 21 Tex. J. Women & L. 187 (2012))., Justin Schwartz
Justin Schwartz
Debate about legal and policy reform has been haunted by a pernicious confusion about human nature: and the idea that it is a set of rigid dispositions, today generally conceived as genetic, that is manifested the same way in all circumstances. Opponents of egalitarian alternatives argue that we cannot depart far from the status quo because human nature stands in the way. Advocates of such reforms too often deny the existence of human nature because, sharing this conception, they think it would prevent changes they deem desirable. Both views rest on deep errors about what kind of thing a “nature” …
A Simple Model To Account For Regional Inequalities In The Effectiveness Of Solar Radiation Management, Juan B. Moreno-Cruz, Katharine L. Ricke, David W. Keith
A Simple Model To Account For Regional Inequalities In The Effectiveness Of Solar Radiation Management, Juan B. Moreno-Cruz, Katharine L. Ricke, David W. Keith
Juan B. Moreno-Cruz
We develop a simple measure of the potential effectiveness of solar radiation management (SRM) in compensating for anthropogenic climate change and test this measure using data from an ensemble of modeling experiments conducted with a general circulation model (GCM). Assuming a linear relationship between the amounts of SRM implemented globally and the regional temperature and precipitation responses to that change, we calculate the amount of SRM that minimizes impacts using three different social objectives: egalitarian, utilitarian and ecocentric. While inequalities in the effectiveness of SRM between regions are important, they may not be as severe as is often assumed. When …
Linking Development And Innovation: What Does Technological Change Bring To The Society?, Evgeny A. Klochikhin
Linking Development And Innovation: What Does Technological Change Bring To The Society?, Evgeny A. Klochikhin
Evgeny A. Klochikhin
Recently, there has been a popular trend in academic research for paying more attention to ‘pro-poor’ policies and theoretical studies. This tradition has emerged from a broader understanding of development that includes not only economic but also social and political dimensions. Meanwhile, innovation researchers are still considering development as mere economic growth without much focus on the social impacts of technological change. This article recognizes that, despite these fundamental differences, the concepts of innovation and development have much in common and are, in fact, positively connected and mutually beneficial. This assumption has some important implications for the innovation and development …
Association Between Hospitals Caring For A Disproportionately High Percentage Of Minority Trauma Patients And Increased Mortality: A Nationwide Analysis Of 434 Hospitals., Adil H. Haider, Sharon Ong'uti, David T. Efron, Tolulope A. Oyetunji, Marie L. Crandall, Valerie K. Scott, Elliott R. Haut, Eric B. Schneider, Neil R. Powe, Lisa A. Cooper, Edward E. Cornwell
Association Between Hospitals Caring For A Disproportionately High Percentage Of Minority Trauma Patients And Increased Mortality: A Nationwide Analysis Of 434 Hospitals., Adil H. Haider, Sharon Ong'uti, David T. Efron, Tolulope A. Oyetunji, Marie L. Crandall, Valerie K. Scott, Elliott R. Haut, Eric B. Schneider, Neil R. Powe, Lisa A. Cooper, Edward E. Cornwell
Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an increased odds of mortality among trauma patients treated at hospitals with higher proportions of minority patients (ie, black and Hispanic patients combined).
DESIGN: Hospitals were categorized on the basis of the percentage of minority patients admitted with trauma. The adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality were compared between hospitals with less than 25% of patients who were minorities (the reference group) and hospitals with 25% to 50% of patients who were minorities and hospitals with more than 50% of patients who were minorities. Multivariate logistic regression (with generalized linear modeling and a cluster-correlated robust …
The Disappearing Middle Class: Implications For Politics And Public Policy, Trevor Richard Beltz
The Disappearing Middle Class: Implications For Politics And Public Policy, Trevor Richard Beltz
CMC Senior Theses
What does it mean to be middle class? The majority of Americans define themselves as members of the middle class, regardless of their wealth. The number of Americans that affiliate with the middle class alludes to the idea that it cannot be defined simply by level of income, number of assets, type of job, etc. The middle class is a lifestyle as much as it is a group of similarly minded people, just as it is a social construct as much as it is an economic construct. Yet as the masses fall away from the elite, and changes continue to …
Toward A Democracy Of Equality For The Common Good, Howard H. Lentner
Toward A Democracy Of Equality For The Common Good, Howard H. Lentner
Howard H. Lentner
There is an alternative to the narrowed public discourse of neoliberalism in the United States: democratic state theory in which concepts of citizen and common good dominate. This leads to proposals for specific policies to achieve a democracy of equality for the common good.