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Articles 1 - 30 of 83
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Natural Variation In Gestational Cortisol Is Associated With Patterns Of Growth In Marmoset Monkeys (Callithrix Geoffroyi), Aaryn C. Mustoe, Andrew K. Birnie, Andrew V. Korgan, Jonathan Bruce Santo, Jeffrey French
Natural Variation In Gestational Cortisol Is Associated With Patterns Of Growth In Marmoset Monkeys (Callithrix Geoffroyi), Aaryn C. Mustoe, Andrew K. Birnie, Andrew V. Korgan, Jonathan Bruce Santo, Jeffrey French
Psychology Faculty Publications
High levels of prenatal cortisol have been previously reported to retard fetal growth. Although cortisol plays a pivotal role in prenatal maturation, heightened exposure to cortisol can result in lower body weights at birth, which have been shown to be associated with adult diseases like hypertension and cardiovascular disease. This study examines the relationship between natural variation in gestational cortisol and fetal and postnatal growth in marmoset monkeys. Urinary samples obtained during the mother’s gestation were analyzed for cortisol. Marmoset body mass index (BMI) was measured from birth through 540 days in 30- or 60-day intervals. Multi-level modeling was used …
"Is This Really A Police Station? Police Department Exteriors And Judgments Of Authority, Professionalism, And Approachability.", Ashley Clinton, Ann Sloan Devlin
"Is This Really A Police Station? Police Department Exteriors And Judgments Of Authority, Professionalism, And Approachability.", Ashley Clinton, Ann Sloan Devlin
Psychology Faculty Publications
This study examined the relationship between exteriors of police department facilities and participants’ ratings of the buildings’ authority, professionalism, and approachability. After a pilot study, research was conducted with 122 participants who were undergraduate students from a small, liberal arts college in the Northeast. On each of three characteristics (authority, professionalism, and approachability), participants rated 16 color images of police departments located in the United States. The façade ratings for each characteristic were then categorized into factors through factor analyses. There were three factors for authority (Ineffectual, Strong, and Outdated); three for professionalism (Unskilled, Non-traditional, and Governmental); and four for …
The Electrophysiological And Neuropsychological Organization Of Long Term Memory, Richard J. Addante
The Electrophysiological And Neuropsychological Organization Of Long Term Memory, Richard J. Addante
Psychology Faculty Publications
The electrophysiological correlates of recognition memory retrieval were examined in order to identify the neural conditions that precede accurate memory retrieval, characterize the processes that contribute to high and low confidence memory responses, and determine which memory processes are impaired after brain injury. Human electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded during recognition confidence and source memory judgments in three experiments. In Experiment 1, mid-frontal pre-stimulus theta oscillations were found to precede the stimulus presentation of items that were successfully recollected, but they were not found to be predictive of item familiarity. Moreover, during stimulus presentation, recollection was associated with an increase in …
Brief Assessment Of Schizotypy: Developing Short Forms Of The Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales, Beate P. Winterstein, Paul J. Silvia, Thomas R. Kwapil, James C. Kaufman, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Benjamin Wigert
Brief Assessment Of Schizotypy: Developing Short Forms Of The Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales, Beate P. Winterstein, Paul J. Silvia, Thomas R. Kwapil, James C. Kaufman, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Benjamin Wigert
Psychology Faculty Publications
The Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales—the Perceptual Aberration, Magical Ideation, Physical Anhedonia, and Revised Social Anhedonia Scales—have been used extensively since their development in the 1970s and 1980s. Based on psychometric analyses using item response theory, the present work presents 15-item short forms of each scale. In addition to being briefer, the short forms omit items with high differential item functioning. Based on data from a sample of young adults (n = 1144), the short forms have strong internal consistency, and they mirror effects found for the longer scales. They thus appear to be a good option for researchers interested in …
Observación Acerca De La Prácticas De Crianza Normativas En Familias Puertorriqueñas [Observations Of Normative Parenting In Puerto Rican Families], Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez, Natalie Franceshi-Rivera, Zulma Sella-Nieves, Jahaira Félix Fermín
Observación Acerca De La Prácticas De Crianza Normativas En Familias Puertorriqueñas [Observations Of Normative Parenting In Puerto Rican Families], Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez, Natalie Franceshi-Rivera, Zulma Sella-Nieves, Jahaira Félix Fermín
Psychology Faculty Publications
El propósito de esta investigación es observar a padres y madres interactuando con sus hijos para entender prácticas de crianza normativas y poder aprender lo necesario para ofrecer programas de apoyo, adecuados al contexto familiar puertorriqueño, a aquellos padres y madres que estén teniendo retos en la crianza de sus hijos.
Solución De Problemas: Tiempo De Discusión, Estrategias De Evasión Y Dinámicas Familiares [Problem Solving: Time Discussing, Avoidance Strategies, And Family Dynamics], Jahaira Félix Fermín, Zulma Sella-Nieves, Natalie Franceshi-Rivera, Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez
Solución De Problemas: Tiempo De Discusión, Estrategias De Evasión Y Dinámicas Familiares [Problem Solving: Time Discussing, Avoidance Strategies, And Family Dynamics], Jahaira Félix Fermín, Zulma Sella-Nieves, Natalie Franceshi-Rivera, Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez
Psychology Faculty Publications
La solución de problemas forma parte de las cinco prácticas de crianza normativas en intervenciones de manejo para padres. Esta investigación busca examinar las dimensiones de tiempo invertido en la solución del problema, la calidad y cantidad de soluciones, y las estrategias de evasión utilizadas durante la discusión de problemas.
Retos Y Estrategias En El Proceso De Reclutamiento En La Investigación Con Familias Puertorriqueñas [Challenges And Strategies In The Recruiting Puerto Rican Families To Research], Zulma Sella-Nieves, Natalie Franceshi-Rivera, Jahaira Félix Fermín, Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez
Retos Y Estrategias En El Proceso De Reclutamiento En La Investigación Con Familias Puertorriqueñas [Challenges And Strategies In The Recruiting Puerto Rican Families To Research], Zulma Sella-Nieves, Natalie Franceshi-Rivera, Jahaira Félix Fermín, Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez
Psychology Faculty Publications
Se discute la importancia del proceso de reclutamiento, sus retos dentro de la cultura puertorriqueña, así como la variedad y efectividad de estrategias a emplearse. Esto a la luz de las experiencias en el reclutamiento de familias puertorriqueñas en la participación de un estudio acerca de prácticas de crianza normativas.
Frente Unido: Nivel De Acuerdo Parental Respecto A Las Prácticas De Crianza En Familias Intacta Y Reconstituidas Y Su Relación Con La Satisfacción Marital [United Parenting Front: Parents’ Agreement On Parenting Practices In Intact And Step-Families And Their Relationship To Marital Satisfaction], Natalie Franceshi-Rivera, Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez, Jahaira Félix Fermín, Zulma Sella-Nieves
Frente Unido: Nivel De Acuerdo Parental Respecto A Las Prácticas De Crianza En Familias Intacta Y Reconstituidas Y Su Relación Con La Satisfacción Marital [United Parenting Front: Parents’ Agreement On Parenting Practices In Intact And Step-Families And Their Relationship To Marital Satisfaction], Natalie Franceshi-Rivera, Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez, Jahaira Félix Fermín, Zulma Sella-Nieves
Psychology Faculty Publications
Esta investigación examina los patrones de colaboración inter-parental en familias intactas y reconstituidas con el fin de observar diferencias y su relación con la satisfacción marital. Se espera encontrar una relación significativa y positiva entre satisfacción marital y frente unido parental, así como diferencias de acuerdo al contexto familiar.
Configuration As A Source Of Information, Joseph W. Houpt, Robert D. Hawkins, Ami Eidels, James T. Townsend, Michael J. Wenger
Configuration As A Source Of Information, Joseph W. Houpt, Robert D. Hawkins, Ami Eidels, James T. Townsend, Michael J. Wenger
Psychology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Internet And Mobile Phone Technology For Peaceful Uses: Can Internet And Mobile Technology Help Bring The World Together?, V. Krishna Kumar
The Internet And Mobile Phone Technology For Peaceful Uses: Can Internet And Mobile Technology Help Bring The World Together?, V. Krishna Kumar
Psychology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Fundamental Properties Of Simple Emergent Feature Processing, Robert D. Hawkins, Joseph W. Houpt, Ami Eidels, James T. Townsend, Michael J. Wenger
Fundamental Properties Of Simple Emergent Feature Processing, Robert D. Hawkins, Joseph W. Houpt, Ami Eidels, James T. Townsend, Michael J. Wenger
Psychology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Linking Impulsivity And Inhibitory Control Using Manual And Oculomotor Response Inhibition Tasks, Walter Roberts, Mark T. Fillmore, Richard Milich
Linking Impulsivity And Inhibitory Control Using Manual And Oculomotor Response Inhibition Tasks, Walter Roberts, Mark T. Fillmore, Richard Milich
Psychology Faculty Publications
Separate cognitive processes govern the inhibitory control of manual and oculomotor movements. Despite this fundamental distinction, little is known about how these inhibitory control processes relate to more complex domains of behavioral functioning. This study sought to determine how these inhibitory control mechanisms relate to broadly defined domains of impulsive behavior. Thirty adults with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 28 comparison adults performed behavioral measures of inhibitory control and completed impulsivity inventories. Results suggest that oculomotor inhibitory control, but not manual inhibitory control, is related to specific domains of self-reported impulsivity. This finding was limited to the ADHD group; no …
Distress Tolerance Moderates The Relationship Between Negative Affect Intensity With Borderline Personality Disorder Levels, Marina Bornovalova, Alexis Matusiewicz, Elizabeth Rojas
Distress Tolerance Moderates The Relationship Between Negative Affect Intensity With Borderline Personality Disorder Levels, Marina Bornovalova, Alexis Matusiewicz, Elizabeth Rojas
Psychology Faculty Publications
A number of studies have suggested that negative emotionality and negative affect intensity play key roles in the development and maintenance of borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, more recent research indicates that one's response to affective discomfort may be an even more important variable in the pathogenesis of BPD than either negative emotionality or negative affect intensity per se. As such, the current study aimed to empirically test the moderating role of 2 well-validated laboratory measures of the ability to tolerate psychological distress (distress tolerance) in the relationship of negative emotionality and negative affect intensity with BPD levels. Results provide …
Effects Of Homophobic Versus Nonhomophobic Victimization On School Commitment And The Moderating Effect Of Teacher Attitudes In Brazilian Public Schools, Mandi M. Alexander, Jonathan Bruce Santo, Josafá Da Cunha, Lidia Weber, Stephen T. Russell
Effects Of Homophobic Versus Nonhomophobic Victimization On School Commitment And The Moderating Effect Of Teacher Attitudes In Brazilian Public Schools, Mandi M. Alexander, Jonathan Bruce Santo, Josafá Da Cunha, Lidia Weber, Stephen T. Russell
Psychology Faculty Publications
This study investigated homophobic victimization, teacher support, and school commitment in Brazilian schools. Participants were 339 students, ages 11 to 18 years old, in two public schools in Brazil. Data were obtained using the Brazil Preventing School Harassment Survey. Structural equation modeling revealed that both homophobic and nonhomophobic victimization were negatively related to school commitment but that homophobic victimization was a stronger predictor. Results supported the hypothesis that supportive teachers can moderate the relationship between victimization and school commitment. Finally, the moderating effect of teacher support was stronger in instances of frequent homophobic victimization.
Serotonin, Motivation, And Playfulness In The Juvenile Rat, Stephen M. Siviy, Loren M. Deron, Chelsea R. Kasten
Serotonin, Motivation, And Playfulness In The Juvenile Rat, Stephen M. Siviy, Loren M. Deron, Chelsea R. Kasten
Psychology Faculty Publications
The effects of the selective 5HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT were assessed on the play behavior of juvenile rats. When both rats of the test pair were comparably motivated to play, the only significant effect of 8-OH-DPAT was for play to be reduced at higher doses. When there was a baseline asymmetry in playful solicitation due to a differential motivation to play and only one rat of the pair was treated, low doses of 8-OH-DPAT resulted in a collapse of asymmetry in playful solicitations. It did not matter whether the rat that was treated initially accounted for more nape contacts or fewer …
In Search Of The Neurobiological Substrates For Social Playfulness In Mammalian Brains, Stephen M. Siviy, Jaak Panksepp
In Search Of The Neurobiological Substrates For Social Playfulness In Mammalian Brains, Stephen M. Siviy, Jaak Panksepp
Psychology Faculty Publications
Play behavior is a fundamental and intrinsic neurobehavioral process in the mammalian brain. Using rough-and-tumble play in the juvenile rat as a model system to study mammalian playfulness, some of the relevant neurobiological substrates for this behavior have been identified, and in this review this progress. A primary-process executive circuit for play in the rat that includes thalamic intralaminar nuclei, frontal cortex and striatum can be gleaned from these data. Other neural areas that may interact with this putative circuit include amygdala, ventral hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray (PAG), and deep tectum, as well as ascending dopamine systems which participate in all …
Cantankerous Creativity: Honesty–Humility, Agreeableness, And The Hexaco Structure Of Creative Achievement, Paul J. Silvia, James C. Kaufman, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Benjamin Wigert
Cantankerous Creativity: Honesty–Humility, Agreeableness, And The Hexaco Structure Of Creative Achievement, Paul J. Silvia, James C. Kaufman, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Benjamin Wigert
Psychology Faculty Publications
Creativity research has suggested that creative people are low in agreeableness. To explore this issue, we applied the HEXACO model of personality structure, which offers an expanded representation of interpersonal traits, particularly a distinction between Honesty–Humility and Agreeableness. A sample of 1304 adults completed the HEXACO-60 and several measures of creative achievement and activities. Latent variable models found that Agreeableness had no relationship with creativity, but Honesty–Humility did: people lower in Honesty–Humility had higher creativity scores, consistent with past work on arrogance and pretentiousness among creative people.
Open Creativity: The Broadcast Search Approach To Creative Problem Solving, V. Krishna Kumar
Open Creativity: The Broadcast Search Approach To Creative Problem Solving, V. Krishna Kumar
Psychology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Speed-Storming Organizational Creativity: Brainstorming + Speed-Dating = Speed-Storming, V. Krishna Kumar
Speed-Storming Organizational Creativity: Brainstorming + Speed-Dating = Speed-Storming, V. Krishna Kumar
Psychology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Positively Biased Appraisals In Everyday Life: When Do They Benefit Mental Health And When Do They Harm It?, Erin M. O'Mara, James K. Mcnulty, Benjamin R. Karney
Positively Biased Appraisals In Everyday Life: When Do They Benefit Mental Health And When Do They Harm It?, Erin M. O'Mara, James K. Mcnulty, Benjamin R. Karney
Psychology Faculty Publications
To promote optimal mental health, is it best to evaluate negative experiences accurately or in a positively biased manner? In an attempt to reconcile inconsistent prior research addressing this question, we predicted that the tendency to form positively biased appraisals of negative experiences may reduce the motive to address those experiences and thereby lead to poorer mental health in the context of negative experiences that are controllable and severe but lead to better mental health in the context of controllable negative experiences that are less severe by promoting positive feelings without invoking serious consequences from unaddressed problems. In 2 longitudinal …
Increasing On-Task Behavior Using Teacher Attention Delivered On A Fixed-Time Schedule, Jessica L. Riley, Brian Mckevitt, Mark D. Shriver, Keith D. Allen
Increasing On-Task Behavior Using Teacher Attention Delivered On A Fixed-Time Schedule, Jessica L. Riley, Brian Mckevitt, Mark D. Shriver, Keith D. Allen
Psychology Faculty Publications
The effectiveness of fixed-time delivery of attention to increase the on-task behavior of 2 students in general education was examined. The teacher in this study provided attention to students on a 5-min fixed-time schedule and responded to students in her typical manner between cued intervals. An ABAB withdrawal design was used to test the effects of the intervention. The results of this study indicate that a fixed-time schedule of attention was effective in increasing students’ on-task behavior and decreasing their off-task behavior. Implications of the study for research and practice are discussed.
Does Practice Make Perfect? A Randomized Control Trial Of Behavioral Rehearsal On Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Skills, Wendi F. Cross, David Seaburn, Danette Gibbs, Karen Schmeelk-Cone, Ann Marie White, Eric D. Caine
Does Practice Make Perfect? A Randomized Control Trial Of Behavioral Rehearsal On Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Skills, Wendi F. Cross, David Seaburn, Danette Gibbs, Karen Schmeelk-Cone, Ann Marie White, Eric D. Caine
Psychology Faculty Publications
Suicide is the third leading cause of death among 10-24-year-olds and the target of school-based prevention efforts. Gatekeeper training, a broadly disseminated prevention strategy, has been found to enhance participant knowledge and attitudes about intervening with distressed youth. Although the goal of training is the development of gatekeeper skills to intervene with at-risk youth, the impact on skills and use of training is less known. Brief gatekeeper training programs are largely educational and do not employ active learning strategies such as behavioral rehearsal through role play practice to assist skill development. In this study, we compare gatekeeper training as usual …
A Statistical Test For The Capacity Coefficient, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend
A Statistical Test For The Capacity Coefficient, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend
Psychology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
General Recognition Theory Extended To Include Response Times: Predictions For A Class Of Parallel Systems, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend, Noah H. Silbert
General Recognition Theory Extended To Include Response Times: Predictions For A Class Of Parallel Systems, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend, Noah H. Silbert
Psychology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
From Deep Space 9 To The Gamma Quadrant!, James T. Townsend, Joseph W. Houpt
From Deep Space 9 To The Gamma Quadrant!, James T. Townsend, Joseph W. Houpt
Psychology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Own And Others’ Prior Experiences Influence Children’S Imitation Of Causal Acts, Rebecca Williamson, Andrew N. Meltzoff
Own And Others’ Prior Experiences Influence Children’S Imitation Of Causal Acts, Rebecca Williamson, Andrew N. Meltzoff
Psychology Faculty Publications
Young children learn from others’ examples, and do so selectively. Here we examine whether the efficacy of prior experience influences children’s tendency to imitate. 36-‐ month-‐olds received prior experience on a causal learning task. The children either performed the task themselves or watched an adult perform it. The nature of the experience was systematically manipulated such that the actor had either an easy or a difficult experience solving the task. Next, a second adult demonstrated an innovative technique for solving the task. Children who had a difficult first-‐person experience and those who had witnessed another person having a difficult time …
Evaluating The Due Process And Crime Control Perspectives Using Rasch Measurement Analysis, Vanessa A. Edkins, Kenneth D. Royal
Evaluating The Due Process And Crime Control Perspectives Using Rasch Measurement Analysis, Vanessa A. Edkins, Kenneth D. Royal
Psychology Faculty Publications
Background: The biases jurors possess may influence everything from the interpretation of case evidence to impressions of the defendant to, ultimately, verdict and recognition of this has led to a number of juror attitude scales attempting to tap into important biases. A common ideology discussed in legal research is that individuals attitudes toward the law and the legal system differ along a continuum moving from due process (a concern for the preservation of individual rights) to crime control (a focus on swift and harsh punishment for those who break the law) although an agreed upon assessment of these perspectives has …
Theoretical And Empirical Guidance For A Chunk Valuation Mechanism In Act-R, Ion Juvina, Alessandro Oltamari, Christian Lebiere
Theoretical And Empirical Guidance For A Chunk Valuation Mechanism In Act-R, Ion Juvina, Alessandro Oltamari, Christian Lebiere
Psychology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Predictors Of Parenting And Infant Outcomes For Impoverished Adolescent Parents, Melissa L. Whitson, Andrew Martinez, Carmen Ayala, Joy S. Kaufman
Predictors Of Parenting And Infant Outcomes For Impoverished Adolescent Parents, Melissa L. Whitson, Andrew Martinez, Carmen Ayala, Joy S. Kaufman
Psychology Faculty Publications
Adolescent mothers and their children are at risk for a myriad of negative outcomes. This study examined risk and protective factors and their impact on a sample (N = 172) of impoverished adolescent mothers. Multiple regression analyses revealed that depressed adolescent mothers report higher levels of parenting stress and that their children are more at risk for maltreatment and are developmentally behind other babies. In addition, adolescent mothers with restricted social support have babies who are at higher risk for maltreatment. Finally, mothers who were older during pregnancy were more likely to stay in school. Implications for program development are …
Dysfunctional Play And Dopamine Physiology In The Fischer 344 Rat, Stephen M. Siviy, Cynthia A. Crawford, Garnik Akopian, John P. Walsh
Dysfunctional Play And Dopamine Physiology In The Fischer 344 Rat, Stephen M. Siviy, Cynthia A. Crawford, Garnik Akopian, John P. Walsh
Psychology Faculty Publications
Juvenile Fischer 344 rats are known to be less playful than other inbred strains, although the neurobiological substrate(s) responsible for this phenotype is uncertain. In the present study, Fischer 344 rats were compared to the commonly used outbred Sprague-Dawley strain on several behavioral and physiological parameters in order to ascertain whether the lack of play may be related to compromised activity of brain dopamine (DA) systems. As expected, Fischer 344 rats were far less playful than Sprague-Dawley rats, with Fischer 344 rats less likely to initiate playful contacts with a playful partner and less likely to respond playfully to these …