Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Adolescent Interest In Alcohol Responsibility Messages: The Message Matters, Kevin Kimball John

Theses and Dissertations

Adolescents are especially vulnerable to image-based messages, which place them directly in line with the lifestyle messages presented in numerous alcohol advertisements. Research has shown that teenagers encounter alcohol advertisements from a variety of sources, prompting concern over the consequences of exposure and the risks associated with teen drinking. Warning messages contained within these alcohol advertisements are often vague in their wording and targeted to promote responsible drinking among adults, making them wholly inadequate for teen deterrence. This thesis explores the problems with current alcohol responsibility messages when dealing with teens, and proposes the development of new, modified messages, that …

The Prognostic Power Of Normative Influences Among Ncaa Student-Athletes, Justin F. Hummer, Joseph W. Labrie, Andrew Lac

Heads Up!

This study evaluated the predictive power of perceived descriptive and injunctive norms on intercollegiate student-athlete alcohol consumption and attitudes toward drinking-related behaviors. The sample consisted of 594 NCAA student-athletes from two geographically opposite sites. Norms variables utilized a school and gender-specific athletic peer reference group. Results indicate that respondents reported greater perceived injunctive norms than actual attitudes, and greater perceived descriptive norms than actual alcohol use. Further, after accounting for demographics and alcohol motivations, perceived injunctive norms were the strongest predictors of athletes' attitudes with the final model explaining 54% of the variance. Similarly, perceived descriptive norms were among the …

Beer Goggles: Blood Alcohol Concentration In Relation To Attractiveness Ratings For Unfamiliar Opposite Sex Faces In Naturalistic Settings, Michael Lyvers, E. Cholakians, M. Puorro, S. Sundram

Mike Lyvers

The popular notion that alcohol intoxication enhances perceptions of the physical attractiveness of the opposite sex has been inconsistently supported. The current study tested intoxicated and non-intoxicated persons of both genders in naturalistic settings after measuring their blood alcohol concentration (BAC) by a breath test. A sample of 80 heterosexual university student social drinkers was recruited at a campus pub and campus parties over a 3-month period to take a survey rating the attractiveness of unfamiliar faces of the opposite gender presented in photographs. Attractiveness ratings were positively correlated with BAC. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted on attractiveness ratings …

What Men Want: The Role Of Reflective Opposite-Sex Normative Preferences In Alcohol Use Among College Women, Joseph W. Labrie, Jessica Cail, Justin F. Hummer, Andrew Lac, Clayton Neighbors

Heads Up!

Misperceptions of peer drinking norms have been found to be strongly associated with individual drinking behavior, especially for proximal reference groups such as same-sex friends. Less studied are the effects of perceived preferences from the opposite sex on alcohol use; that is, the behaviors an individual believe the opposite sex prefers from them. Research suggests that these perceived “reflective” normative preferences may be particularly salient among college women, who may drink in pursuit of intimate relationships and positive attention from male peers. Heterosexual undergraduate students from two universities participated in this project. Females answered questions regarding the amount of alcohol …

“Loss Of Control” In Alcoholism And Drug Addiction: A Neuroscientific Interpretation, Michael Lyvers

Mike Lyvers

Considerable neurological evidence indicates that the prefrontal cortex mediates complex "executive" functions including behavioral autonomy and self-control. Given that impairments of self-control are characteristic of alcoholism and other drug addictions, frontal lobe dysfunction may play a significant role in such compulsive behaviors. Consistent with this idea, recent research using brain imaging, neuropsychological testing, and other techniques has revealed that the frontal lobes are particularly vulnerable to the acute and chronic effects of addictive drugs, especially alcohol and cocaine. Evidence implicating a hyperdopaminergic mechanism of acute and chronic drug-induced frontal lobe dysfunction and interactions with premorbid factors and stress are discussed.

Saxton, Lashanda (Fa 359), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

FA Finding Aids

Finding aid and full-text scan of paper (Click on “Additional Files” below) for Folklife Archives Project 359. Paper: "Home vs. College" written by LaShanda Saxton for a Western Kentucky University folk studies class.

Pubs, Punters, And Pints: Anthropological Reflections On Pub Life In Ireland, Jason Cucchiara

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ireland is a country with a rich and unique cultural heritage. It is difficult to imagine that certain facets of Irish culture (e.g. Saint Patrick's Day, the Blarney Stone, or the Ring of Kerry) can ever be taken for granted since they are so widely recognized internationally. One common feature of Irish life that possibly warrants more scholarly attention is the public house or pub. Much has been written about pubs as quaint institutions in popular literature and fiction. Curiously, they remain largely overlooked as vital aspects of Irish culture by anthropologists and others in the social sciences. In many …

A Longitudinal Approach To Understanding Individual Differences Affecting The Drinking Behavior Change Process, Mariam Dum

Theses and Dissertations

Most studies examining predictors of treatment outcomes among problem drinkers have used a traditional statistical approach that examines group outcomes (e.g. analysis of variance, multiple regression analysis). Contrary to traditional methods, a person-centered approach identifies commonalities among clusters of individuals and provides the opportunity to examine the relationship between multiple individual differences and outcomes in a longitudinal manner. Specifically, the person-centered approach makes it possible to cluster individuals into subgroups based on their change patterns, and to examine the relationship between those subgroups and other variables of interest (e.g., drinking problem severity). This approach allows the inclusion of a relatively …

Testing Alcohol As A Discriminative Stimulus For Gambling Behavior, Ellen Meier, Cody Link, Jeffrey N. Weatherly Ph. D.

Analysis of Gambling Behavior

In two training sessions, participants consumed alcohol or a control beverage and then played a pair of slot-machine simulations programmed to pay off differentially as a function of the beverage that had been consumed. During test sessions, participants again consumed either alcohol or a control beverage and were given concurrent access to the two slot-machine simulations (which were now programmed to pay off equally). Results did not indicate that alcohol (or the control beverage) controlled participants’ choice behavior between the two slot-machine simulations during testing despite the history of differential reinforcement. A number of procedural details likely contributed to this …

The Impact Of More Visible Standard Drink Labelling On Youth Alcohol Consumption: Helping Young People Drink (Ir)Responsibly?, Sandra C. Jones, Parri Gregory

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Introduction and Aims. In response to increasing concerns about excessive drinking among young people the Australian alcohol industry announced that it will introduce more visible standard drink labels. This study sought to examine whether young people use this information in a way that decreases, or increases, alcohol-related harms. Design and Methods. Six focus groups with students enrolled in an undergraduate university course in a large regional city in New South Wales, recruited by direct approach on the university grounds and via an online message posted on the university bulletin board. Results: The majority of the participants reported that they are …

Alcohol Energy Drinks: Engaging Young Consumers In Co-Creation Of Alcohol Related Harm, Sandra C. Jones, Lance Barrie

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Alcohol-energy drinks are a relatively new entry to the alcohol market, but have rapidly gained popularity among young drinkers. Unfortunately, these products are also associated with higher levels of alcohol-related harm, including negative health effects and increased levels of aggression and violence. This paper reports on the social image functions served by these products, as perceived by university students; and suggests that there is a need to look beyond alcohol advertising to other factors that increase consumption – including pricing, distribution, use of social media, and consumer co-creation of brand image. Keywords: attitude, behaviour, experience, perception, public health, responsibility, alcohol

Assessing The Cumulative Impact Of Alcohol Marketing On Young People's Drinking: Cross Sectional Data Findings, Ross Gordon, Fiona Harris

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This article provides first wave data from a study designed to examine the impact of the full range of marketing communication techniques used by the UK alcohol industry, and their cumulative effect on alcohol initiation and youth drinking patterns. The study is of a longitudinal cohort design and was conducted amongst secondary school pupils in Scotland. A cohort of 920 2nd year school pupils participated and cross sectional data was collected and analysed. Regression models with multiple control variables examined the relationship between awareness of and involvement with a range of alcohol marketing activities, and drinking and associated risky behaviours. …

A Night To Remember: A Harm-Reduction Birthday Card Intervention Reduces High-Risk Drinking During 21st Birthday Celebrations, Joseph W. Labrie, Savannah Migliuri, Jessica Cail

Heads Up!

Objective

In collaboration with Residence Life, the Heads UP research team developed a 21st birthday card program to help reduce the risky drinking often associated with these celebrations.

Participants

81 students (28 males, 53 females) completed a post-21st birthday survey. Of these, 74 reported drinking during their 21st birthday and were included in the analyses.

Methods

During the 2005–2006 school year, the authors assigned students celebrating 21st birthdays to either receive an alcohol risk-reduction birthday card or to a no-card condition. The students completed a survey after their birthday.

Results

Students who received the card consumed fewer drinks and reached …

Moving Beyond The Restrictions: The Evaluation Of The Alice Springs Alcohol Management Plan, Kate Senior, Richard Chenhall, Bill Ivory, Christopher Stevenson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

A report prepared for the NT Department of Justice.

There have been a number of evaluations of alcohol management in the Alice Springs region. Interestingly, an evaluation in 1975 emphasised the need for government and other agencies to view the issues holistically and to address them accordingly. The outcomes of this evaluation point to a similar situation with comparable recommendations.

The situation in Alice Springs is unique in some respects but has parallel characteristics to other towns and communities in Australia. Alice Springs is an important regional supply, service-orientated, and tourism town. Its people have diverse backgrounds and appear as …

The Effects Of Parental Influences On College Student Normative Perceptions Of Peer Alcohol Use, Emily Susanne Mowry Dobran

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

There has been speculation as to how college students develop normative descriptive and injunctive perceptions of college student alcohol use. One possible explanation is that parents may be "carriers" of the skewed social norm, passing on their misperceptions of alcohol use to their children (Perkins, 2002).

Life Stories Between The Former Soviet Union And The United States, Kimberly M. Maas, Elizabeth J. Sandell, Emily Boyd

Elementary and Literacy Education Department Publications

This paper examines the change from the Soviet Period to Transition Period, as reported through the experiences of those who grew up there, as well as from American tourists who have traveled there. Five semi-structured interviews were been conducted. They were transcribed and analyzed inductively to understand (a) differences in life experiences across cultures, (b) how change in government effects a person's life story and (c) the importance of social traditions. Findings focus on the transformation of economic conditions from the point before the transition to independent republics after the transition. Findings focus on technological expansion and traditions and customs …

Critical Social Marketing: Assessing The Impact Of Alcohol Marketing On Youth Drinking, Ross Gordon, Fiona Harris, Anne Marie Mackintosh

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Cognitive Modeling Analysis Of Decision-Making Processes In Young Adults At-Risk And Not At-Risk For Alcohol Dependence, Lori Anne Wagner

Graduate Dissertations and Theses

This study used the Valence-Expectancy Learning model, a mathematical cognitive model, to dissect young adult performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Drinking behavior and monetary incentive were examined as predictors of performance on the IGT. No differences were found among groups when data were analyzed using traditional behavioral analyses. However, when the Expectancy-Valence Learning model was applied to the data, differences between groups were found related to attention and choice consistency. Importantly, the cognitive model was not a good fit for fifty-seven percent of the data, meaning that it did not succeed in explaining how the participants' choices were …

Alcohol Consumption, Alcohol Outlets, And The Risk Of Being Assaulted With A Gun, Dennis P. Culhane, Charles C. Branas, Therese S. Richmond, Michael R. Elliott, Douglas J. Wiebe

Dennis P. Culhane

Background: We conducted a population-based case-control study to better delineate the relationship between individual alcohol consumption, alcohol outlets in the surrounding environment, and being assaulted with a gun.

Methods: An incidence density sampled case–control study was conducted in the entire city of Philadelphia from 2003 to 2006. We enrolled 677 cases that had been shot in an assault and 684 population-based controls. The relationships between 2 independent variables of interest, alcohol consumption and alcohol outlet availability, and the outcome of being assaulted with a gun were analyzed. Conditional logistic regression was used to adjust for numerous confounding variables.

Results: After …