Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Incidence Of Tobacco Taxation: Evidence From Geographic Micro-Level Data, Andrew Hanson, Ryan Sullivan

Economics Faculty Research and Publications

This paper uses a recent increase in Wisconsin’s tobacco tax as a natural experiment to measure the economic incidence of tobacco taxation, using micro-level data on cigarette prices from retail locations in Wisconsin and states that share its border. We find that Wisconsin’s $1 tobacco tax increase was over-shifted to consumers; they pay the entire amount of the tax as well as a premium of between 8–17 cents per pack of cigarettes. We also use geo-coded data to test if the incidence of the tobacco tax is different for locations near the border of states with different tobacco taxation.

The Capabilities Conception Of The Individual, John B. Davis

Economics Faculty Research and Publications

This paper advances a capabilities conception of the individual, and considers some of the problems involved in developing such a conception. It also makes claims about the nature of the capability space as a whole, frames personal development in terms of the idea of moving though the capability space, and argues that people are alike in being increasingly heterogeneous. A key problem for a capabilities conception of the individual is that some capabilities, such as belonging to social groups and having social identities, can undermine individuality. The paper discusses an example in which people can have social identities but can …

Identity And Democracy: Linking Individual And Social Reasoning, John B. Davis, Solange Regina Marin

Economics Faculty Research and Publications

Following Amartya Sen's approach, John Davis and Solange Regina Marin look at individual and social reasoning when examining the complex relationship between identity and democracy. They characterize democracy as a process of social or public reasoning that combines the individual reasoning of all citizens. Identity is explained in terms of personal identity, social identity, and individual identity. They argue that democracy in combining the individual reasoning of all citizens responds to individuals’ different personal identity concerns and needs, reflects their shared social identity interests and goals, and accords them rights and responsibilities associated with their many different individual identities.

Latino Definitions Of Success: A Cultural Model Of Intercultural Competence, Lucas Torres

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

The present study sought to examine Latino intercultural competence via two separate methodologies. Phase 1 entailed discovering and generating themes regarding the features of intercultural competence based on semistructured interviews of 15 Latino adults. Phase 2 included conducting a cultural consensus analysis from the quantitative responses of 46 Latino adults to determine the cultural model of intercultural competence. The major results indicated that the participants, despite variations in socioeconomic and generational statuses, shared a common knowledge base regarding the competencies needed for Latinos to successfully navigate different cultures. Overall, the cultural model of Latino intercultural competence includes a set of …

International Arbitration: A Comparative Study Of The Aaa And Icc Rules, Igor M. Borba

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Arbitration has been used throughout history as an alternative dispute resolution method with great success. Today, arbitration is commonly used in international trade related disputes as one of the most common dispute resolution methods. In this thesis I will examine some of the most important international treaties and laws that regulate this dispute resolution method, such as the New York Convention, Uncitral Model Law, as well as the Federal Arbitration Act. The two main international arbitration institutions are the main focus of this thesis. The international arbitration rules of the American Arbitration Association (AAA) and the International Chamber of Commerce …

A Plea For Pr Ethics Research, Kati Tusinski Berg

College of Communication Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Psychological Impact Of Negotiating Two Cultures: Latino Coping And Self-Esteem, Lucas Torres, David Rollock

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Among 96 Latino adults, active coping accounted for variance in global self-esteem beyond that of biculturalism and sociodemographic indicators. The findings highlight the importance of accounting for the way Latino adults approach negotiating multiple cultural contexts. Extending acculturation research to integrate competence-based formulations provides comprehensive information regarding cultural adaptation.

Entre una muestra de 96 adultos Latinos, el afrontamiento activo dio cuenta de la varianza en autoestima global más allá de los indicadores de biculturalismo y sociodemográficos. Los hallazgos destacan la importancia de buscar una explicación a la forma en que los adultos Latinos enfocan la negociación de múltiples contextos culturales. …

Just Doing What They Gotta Do: Single Black Custodial Fathers Coping With The Stresses And Reaping The Rewards Of Parenting, Roberta Coles

Social and Cultural Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

For single African American custodial fathers, parenting stress is exacerbated by the cultural expectation that Black fathers are "normally" absent and by the clustering of stresses that Black men are more likely to encounter. This sample of African American fathers have used a repertoire of problem-focused and cognitive coping strategies, including some that are frequently considered "culturally specific." Twenty Black single custodial fathers are interviewed and their narratives are analyzed for concepts and thematic categories related to stress and coping. Their narratives indicate that certain strategies are avoided because (a) these strategies are not available to them and (b) they …

Investigating Primary Source Literacy, Joanne Archer, Ann Hanlon, Jennie A. Levine

Library Faculty Research and Publications

Primary source research requires students to acquire specialized research skills. This paper presents results from a user study testing the effectiveness of a Web guide designed to convey the concepts behind “primary source literacy”. The study also evaluated students’ strengths and weaknesses when conducting primary source research.

A Collaborative Workflow For Digitization Of Unique Materials, Gretchen Gueguen, Ann Hanlon

Library Faculty Research and Publications

This paper examines the experience of one institution, the University of Maryland Libraries, as it made organizational efforts to harness existing workflows and to capture digitization done in the course of responding to patron requests. By examining the way this organization adjusted its existing workflows to put in place more systematic methods for digital capture of unique collections, the authors hope to provide insight into the benefits and pitfalls of one model for scaling up digitization.

Modulation Of Long-Term Memory By Arousal In Alexithymia: The Role Of Interpretation, Kristy A. Nielson, Mitchell A. Meltzer

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Moderate physiological or emotional arousal induced after learning modulates memory consolidation, helping to distinguish important memories from trivial ones. Yet, the contribution of subjective awareness or interpretation of arousal to this effect is uncertain. Alexithymia, which is an inability to describe or identify one’s emotional and arousal states even though physiological responses to arousal are intact, provides a tool to evaluate the role of arousal interpretation. Participants scoring high and low on alexithymia (N = 30 each) learned a list of 30 words, followed by immediate recall. Participants then saw either an arousing (oral surgery) or neutral video (tooth …

Trade Openness, Capital Mobility, And The Sacrifice Ratio, Joseph P. Daniels, David D. Vanhoose

Economics Faculty Research and Publications

This paper develops and evaluates empirically the implications of a theoretical model of an open economy in which variations in both trade openness and capital mobility can influence the sacrifice ratio. Key predictions forthcoming from the model are that both forms of globalization can independently affect the sacrifice ratio, once the influences of the level of central bank independence and the degree of wage stickiness in nations’ economies are taken into account. Examination of cross-country data encompassing 58 disinflations for 16 countries yields evidence consistent with these essential predictions of the theoretical framework.

Review Of Kristen Haring's Ham Radio's Technical Culture, Amanda R. Keeler

College of Communication Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Semantic Memory Activation In Individuals At Risk For Developing Alzheimer Disease, Michael Seidenberg, Leslie Guidotti, Kristy A. Nielson, John L. Woodard, Sally Durgerian, Piero Antuono, Q. Zhang, Stephen M. Rao

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: To determine whether whole-brain, event-related fMRI can distinguish healthy older adults with known Alzheimer disease (AD) risk factors (family history, APOE ε4) from controls using a semantic memory task involving discrimination of famous from unfamiliar names.

Methods: Sixty-nine cognitively asymptomatic adults were divided into 3 groups (n = 23 each) based on AD risk: 1) no family history, no ε4 allele (control [CON]); 2) family history, no ε4 allele (FH); and 3) family history and ε4 allele (FH+ε4). Separate hemodynamic response functions were extracted for famous and unfamiliar names using deconvolution analysis (correct trials only).

Results: Cognitively intact older …

Misguided Optimism Among College Student Smokers: Leveraging Their Quit-Smoking Strategies For Smoking Cessation Campaigns, Joyce M. Wolburg

College of Communication Faculty Research and Publications

College student smokers are a unique group who typically plan to quit smoking by the time they graduate, but few succeed and those who do require multiple attempts. This study examines the strategies of college student participants who successfully quit smoking. They tell a story of trial and error in achieving their goal—one that is more likely to end in another failed attempt than a successful effort unless they learn from past mistakes. Their stories not only show misplaced optimism for quitting but also ineffective smoking-cessation efforts.

Enhanced Post-Learning Memory Consolidation Is Influenced By Arousal Predisposition And Emotion Regulation But Not By Stimulus Valence Or Arousal, Kristy A. Nielson, William Lorber

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Emotionally arousing stimuli are more memorable than neutral ones and arousal induced after learning enhances later retrieval. However, there is as yet little study of how stimulus qualities might interact with induced arousal and how individual differences might influence the modulation of memory. Thus, the present study examined the effect of arousal induced after learning on memory for words that varied in both arousal and valence quality, as well as the influence of three individual differences factors that are known to influence arousal response: emotional suppression, emotional reappraisal, and arousal predisposition. Seventy-six adults (57 female) viewed and rated 60 words …

Teaching Ethics With The Help Of Hollywood, Kati Tusinski Berg

College of Communication Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Labor Landmarks In San Francisco's Union Square District, Michael A. Mccarthy

Social and Cultural Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Peter Danner 1921-2008, John B. Davis

Economics Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

The Social History In Death Penalty Defense Advocacy, Jesse Cheng

Social and Cultural Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

This article offers an epistemologically focused descriptive account of the “social history” in American death penalty defense advocacy. Under British scientific empiricism, sufficient investigation forms the basis for representations that aspire to be adequate to investigated realities. As defense advocates see it, however, the very idea of humanity resists the goal of epistemological finality that comes with empiricist adequation. I argue that the social history investigation instrumentalizes this aesthetic of investigation-then-representation, allowing advocates to affirm to themselves the humanity of their clients while sidestepping the goal of adequation.

The Past, Present, And Future Of Human Communication And Technology Research: An Introduction, Scott C. D'Urso

College of Communication Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

“Exploring The Basement Of Social Justice Issues”: A Graduate Upon Graduation, Erika L. Kirby, Sarah Bonewits Feldner, Jay Leighter, M. Chad Mcbride, Bren Ortega Murphy, Stacy Tye-Williams, Lynn H. Turner

College of Communication Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Semantic Memory Activation In Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, John L. Woodard, Michael Seidenberg, Kristy A. Nielson, Piero Antuono, Leslie Guidotti, Sally Durgerian, Qi Zhang, Melissa A. Lancaster, Nathan Hantke, Alissa Butts, Stephen M. Rao

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Cognitively intact older individuals at risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease frequently show increased functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain activation presumably associated with compensatory recruitment, whereas mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients tend not to show increased activation presumably due to reduced neural reserve. Previous studies, however, have typically used episodic memory activation tasks, placing MCI participants at a performance disadvantage relative to healthy elders. In this event-related fMRI study, we employed a low effort, high accuracy semantic memory task to determine if increased activation of memory circuits is preserved in amnestic MCI when task performance is controlled. Fifty-seven participants, aged …

Web 2.0: Opportunities And Challenges For Advertising Educators, Mary Caravella, Daradirek Ekachai, Charles Jaeger, Debra Zahay

College of Communication Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Manufacturing Fdi And Economic Growth: Evidence From Asian Economies, Miao Wang

Economics Faculty Research and Publications

Previous empirical studies on inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth generate mixed results. This article suggests that the ambiguous results might be caused by the use of total FDI. We study the heterogeneous effects of different sector-level FDI inflows on host country’s economic growth. Data from 12 Asian economies over the period of 1987 to 1997 are employed. Strong evidence shows that FDI in manufacturing sector has a significant and positive effect on economic growth in the host economies. FDI inflows in nonmanufacturing sectors do not play a significant role in enhancing economic growth. Furthermore, without the decomposition …

Identity And Individual Economic Agents: A Narrative Approach, John B. Davis

Economics Faculty Research and Publications

This paper offers an account of how individuals act as agents when we employ a narrative approach to explaining their personal identities. It applies Korsgaard's idea of a “reflective structure of consciousness” to provide foundations for a richer account of the individual economic agent, and uses this to explain and distinguish the concepts of personal identity, individual identity, and social identity. The paper argues that individuals’ personal identities may be in conflict with their socially constructed individual identities. Individuals’ social identities are represented as a link between personal identity, and individual identity. The overall framework is proposed as an alternative …

Acute Stress Modulates Risk Taking In Financial Decision Making, Anthony J. Porcelli, Mauricio R. Delgado

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

People’s decisions are often susceptible to various demands exerted by the environment, leading to stressful conditions. Although a goal for researchers is to elucidate stress-coping mechanisms to facilitate decision-making processes, it is important to first understand the interaction between the state created by a stressful environment and how decisions are performed in such environments. The objective of this experiment was to probe the impact of exposure to acute stress on financial decision making and examine the particular influence of stress on decisions with a positive or negative valence. Participants’ choices exhibited a stronger reflection effect when participants were under stress …

Connected To The Organization: A Survey Of Communication Technologies In The Modern Organizational Landscape, Scott C. D'Urso, Kristen M. Pierce

College of Communication Faculty Research and Publications

In today’s organizations, traditional and cutting-edge technologies compete for increased usage. This exploratory project provides a snapshot of the communication technology (CT) landscape by examining the use of 25 different CTs and their relations to a variety of common demographic variables. Results suggest that, although newer CTs are in use today, more traditional and established CTs such as e-mail, Internet, telephones, and voicemail still dominate the landscape.

Gender Specific Disruptions In Emotion Processing In Younger Adults With Depression, Sara L. Wright, Scott Aaron Langenecker, Patricia J. Deldin, Lisa J. Rapport, Kristy A. Nielson, Allison M. Kade, Lawrence S. Own, Huda Akil, Elizabeth A. Young, Jon-Kar Zubieta

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Background: One of the principal theories regarding the biological basis of major depressive disorder (MDD) implicates a dysregulation of emotion-processing circuitry. Gender differences in how emotions are processed and relative experience with emotion processing might help to explain some of the disparities in the prevalence of MDD between women and men. This study sought to explore how gender and depression status relate to emotion processing. Methods: This study employed a 2 (MDD status) × 2 (gender) factorial design to explore differences in classifications of posed facial emotional expressions (N=151). Results: For errors, there was an …

Semantic Knowledge For Famous Names In Mild Cognitive Impairment, Michael Seidenberg, Leslie Guidotti, Kristy A. Nielson, John L. Woodard, Sally Durgerian, Qi Zhang, Amelia Gander, Piero Antuono, Stephen M. Rao

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Person identification represents a unique category of semantic knowledge that is commonly impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but has received relatively little investigation in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The current study examined the retrieval of semantic knowledge for famous names from three time epochs (recent, remote, and enduring) in two participant groups: 23 amnestic MCI (aMCI) patients and 23 healthy elderly controls. The aMCI group was less accurate and produced less semantic knowledge than controls for famous names. Names from the enduring period were recognized faster than both recent and remote names in both groups, and remote names …