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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Motherhood, Memory And Aging : Object Recognition Performance, Julia Margaret Friedenberg
Motherhood, Memory And Aging : Object Recognition Performance, Julia Margaret Friedenberg
Master's Theses
Reproductively experienced female rats have been shown to have attenuated stress responses, improved visual systems, and better memory and learning. This study sought to extend those findings by comparing aged reproductively experienced and aged virgin female rats on an object recognition task, as well as comparing levels of corticosterone and 17p-estradiol and neural activation. Multiparous (MP, 2 reproductive experiences) females performed better on the task and demonstrated quicker habituation to the task than nulliparous (NP, no reproductive experiences) females. No hormonal or neural activation differences were found. The present study contributes to the growing research areas of reproductive experience and …
Automatic Spatial Processing Of Threatening And Positive Information In Participants With High And Low Levels Of Trait Anxiety, Ryan W. Hansen
Automatic Spatial Processing Of Threatening And Positive Information In Participants With High And Low Levels Of Trait Anxiety, Ryan W. Hansen
Master's Theses
The study sought to investigate potential differences in automatic spatial processing of threatening and positive information in anxious and non-anxious individuals. Participants evaluated threatening and positive words and pictures in a memory task in which the stimuli's varying spatial position was incidental to the task. Participants demonstrated increased accuracy with threatening stimuli, and a decreased accuracy when the word location varied between initial presentation and test. The results did not provide evidence that threatening stimuli were associated with an increased degree of spatial processing, or that this relationship would be influenced by trait anxiety.
Intricacies Of Development : The Impact Of Maternal Experience And Isolation On The Social Development Of Juvenile Male Rats, Lillian Maria Christon
Intricacies Of Development : The Impact Of Maternal Experience And Isolation On The Social Development Of Juvenile Male Rats, Lillian Maria Christon
Master's Theses
Reproductive experience induces changes in females. Parity-related differences in maternal treatment of offspring can induce enduring changes in offspring. The relationships between maternal experience, early social isolation, and development were explored in rodents in this experiment. Male rats were weaned from multiparous (MP) and primiparous (PP) mothers and placed into isolation or social housing for four weeks. They were then observed in a social-interaction test. Social behavior and neural oxytocin and vasopressin were assessed post-testing, while corticosterone levels were measured across the four weeks. Weaning was extremely stressful for all offspring. PP- and MP-raised pups exhibited differences in social behavior, …
Early Vocabulary Development In English, Mandarin, And Cantonese : A Cross-Linguistic Study Based On Childes, Shuxia Liu
Early Vocabulary Development In English, Mandarin, And Cantonese : A Cross-Linguistic Study Based On Childes, Shuxia Liu
Master's Theses
Early language development is an exciting topic in the field of child language acquisition. Only a limited amount of cross-linguistic studies has attempted to investigate the similarities and differences in child language development across different languages. In this thesis, I present a study based on English, Mandarin and Cantonese corpora extracted from the Child Language Data Exchange System (CHILDES, MacWhinney, 2000). I investigated the lexical compositions of certain lexical categories (nouns, verbs, and adjectives) in children and their caregivers’ vocabularies across eight different children age groups ranging from 13 to 60 months. ANOVA, frequency analysis, and cluster analysis were used …
Universal Disaster Impact Scale, Brian James Evans
Universal Disaster Impact Scale, Brian James Evans
Master's Theses
When disasters occur affecting multiple communities differently, can a determination be made as to which community is in need of financial or humanitarian aid the most? This study proposes a universal disaster impact scale that will allow the impacts of a large variety of disasters, including natural and human systems failures, to be measured against one another. The Universal Disaster Impact Scale includes both quantitative and qualitative disaster impact measurements combined with an economic factor for the affected country in an equation which provides a numeric rating for the disaster. The rating is used to measure the level of need …
The Next Generation Of Emergency Management : Proposal For A New Model Of Emergency Operations Center For A Growing Regional Emergency Management System, John D. Eggleston
The Next Generation Of Emergency Management : Proposal For A New Model Of Emergency Operations Center For A Growing Regional Emergency Management System, John D. Eggleston
Master's Theses
The emergency operations center organizational model used by the Charlottesville/Albemarle/University of Virginia (CAUVA) Emergency Management Agency is organized around the various departments that staff the center. The EOC model has been used to coordinate small scale natural disasters and training exercises, but has never been used to coordinate a significant actual event. After-action reports of previous events and exercises have highlighted several functional deficiencies and have led some local and state officials to doubt the model's ability to coordinate a significant event... The research process involved a literature and extant document review which discovered that there were four recognized EOC …
A Study Of The Best Spanish Training Practices For Police Officers, Nicole Marie Otero
A Study Of The Best Spanish Training Practices For Police Officers, Nicole Marie Otero
Master's Theses
Within the last ten years, the Hispanic population in the United States has grown immensely. This presents a communication problem between the Hispanic communities and the police departments who protect and serve them. This also creates a serious liability issue for police departments. Currently, law enforcement is struggling to adequately train police officers how to speak Spanish. This research examines ways for Chesterfield and Henrico County Police Departments to develop the Spanish-speaking skills of their current police officers. This research further provides details of possible costs to provide adequate Spanish-speaking training to the police officers in both counties. The data …
Incarceration : A Rising Population Dilemma, Lessie Smith Jr.
Incarceration : A Rising Population Dilemma, Lessie Smith Jr.
Master's Theses
The nation's incarceration growth continues to soar, having negative economic and societal effects. This research explores continued growth causes and possible answers to prevent, intervene, and slow down incarceration. Hampton Roads institutions' offenders and professional staff were surveyed. The survey focuses on preventive and intervention programs and their effectiveness, sociological and economical factors leading to imprisonment, and statistics supporting incarceration growth. The research goal is to validate program contents and components factoring into imprisonment. The study of others and information generated through this study are used to determine program needs and current effectiveness. This study explores reasons offenders frequent the …
A Critical Comparison Of The Church-State Jurisprudence Of Chief Justice William Rehnquist And Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, Christy Harrison
A Critical Comparison Of The Church-State Jurisprudence Of Chief Justice William Rehnquist And Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, Christy Harrison
Honors Theses
The relationship between government and religion is a difficult one. The question of how religious beliefs and practices should be treated by the government remains at the forefront of constitutional debate. There are concerns about religious freedom and the extent to which it conflicts with public duty. The First Amendment of the United States Constitution states, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof." The Supreme Court's interpretation of the religion clauses has been unclear, inconsistent, and, therefore, extremely controversial. In fact, it has not become less controversial over time, but quite …
Scientific Advice To The House : Who Has The Congressional Ear?, Kristen Greenholt
Scientific Advice To The House : Who Has The Congressional Ear?, Kristen Greenholt
Honors Theses
In 2001, President George W. Bush remarked, "Science and technology have never been more essential to the defense of the nation and the health of the economy." The responsibility for formulating science and technology policy primarily falls into the hands of Congress. However, since few members of Congress possess a broad base of knowledge in either science or technology, they must rely on external sources of information. I examine the sources of information on which they rely, or the question "Who has the Congressional Ear?"with regard to science and technology issues. Using the downfall of the Office of Technology Assessment …
The Effects Of Stereotype Activation On Women's Reactions To Leadership Situations, Or, How Reading Cosmo Might Prevent You From Becoming Ceo, Stefanie L. Simon
The Effects Of Stereotype Activation On Women's Reactions To Leadership Situations, Or, How Reading Cosmo Might Prevent You From Becoming Ceo, Stefanie L. Simon
Honors Theses
The present experimental study investigated the effect of stereotype activation on women's responses to a leadership situation. Participants were exposed to either gender-stereotypic or gender-counterstereotypic magazine advertisements picturing women and then performed a leadership task involving two confederate s. Results supported the prediction that participants exposed to stereotypic advertisements would exhibit more negative reactions to the leadership situation than those exposed to counterstereotypic advertisements such that they reported lower perceived performance, self-esteem, and well-being. Sex-role orientation moderated this effect such that' advertisements had a stronger effect on feminine-oriented participants' domain identification, intent to lead in the future, and experienced cognitive …
Generational Competence And Retention : A Study Of Different Generations In Law Enforcement And How These Differences Impact Retention In The Chesterfield County Police Department, Gary Scott Edwards
Generational Competence And Retention : A Study Of Different Generations In Law Enforcement And How These Differences Impact Retention In The Chesterfield County Police Department, Gary Scott Edwards
Master's Theses
There are currently four distinct generations in today's workforce (Veterans, Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials). This presents unique challenges for employers since each of these generations is affected and shaped by different events in their lives, which define the values they bring to work. These differences can be increasingly difficult to manage and may lead to conflicts. Significant research has been conducted in this area, but little has focused on public sector employees, specifically sworn law enforcement officers. This research examines whether generational differences observed in society as a whole are the same as those differences found in law …
Shrines And Prayers: Two Missing Elements Of Comprehensive Mass Fatality, Rhonda Keyes Pleasants
Shrines And Prayers: Two Missing Elements Of Comprehensive Mass Fatality, Rhonda Keyes Pleasants
Master's Theses
As a Licensed Funeral Service Provider, I am aware of the special issues which surround mass fatalities. A study of numerous mass fatality plans yielded identification of two missing elements from most plans which are critical to mass fatality management. The first missing element is ritual used in the respectful treatment of the dead. The second missing element is religious precepts regarding caring for and final disposition of the dead based upon the particular belief system of the deceased, their family, surrounding community, and culture. Specific qualitative methods of research used were a review of the professional literature, identification of …
The Rise And Fall Of America's Education President : George W. Bush's Political Leadership And The Passage Of The No Child Left Behind Act, Ethan L. Mcwilliams
The Rise And Fall Of America's Education President : George W. Bush's Political Leadership And The Passage Of The No Child Left Behind Act, Ethan L. Mcwilliams
Honors Theses
On January 8, 2002, President George W. Bush proudly signed the "No Child Left Behind Act," thus ensuring that H.R. 1 became Public Law 107-110. During the signing ceremony, the President triumphantly proclaimed that, "as of this hour, America's schools will be on a new path of reform, and a new path of results."1 The legislation, which totaled more than six hundred pages, was intended to reauthorize the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and expand its aim according to four central principles: accountability for results; state and local flexibility; focusing resources on successful methods; and expanding choice? Although substantively notable …
The War On Inequality : Subtleties In The Perceptions Of Women Leaders, Adrienne Supino
The War On Inequality : Subtleties In The Perceptions Of Women Leaders, Adrienne Supino
Honors Theses
We studied whether the incongruity between the female gender role and stereotypically masculine leadership roles can lead people, particularly men and sex-typed individuals, to negatively perceive women in this type of leadership role. A study was designed to investigate whether the gender of a potential appointee to the historically masculine leadership role of Secretary of Defense, in either a time of peace or terror, affected people's perceptions of this person. Fifty-three participants read one of four articles containing biographical information about either a male or female candidate for the post, in either a peace context or a terror context. We …
Deficit Reduction In The U.S. Senate : The Search For Moral Leadership In The Budget Process, David Kendall Roberts
Deficit Reduction In The U.S. Senate : The Search For Moral Leadership In The Budget Process, David Kendall Roberts
Honors Theses
Contemporary deficit reduction and fiscal responsibility are central to the economic wellbeing of future generations as well as their ability to freely decide their own policy priorities. Many scholarly publications and popular commentary on budget policy describe the obstacles to deficit reduction and political leaders' unwillingness to address the nation's long-term fiscal problems. However, current discussions of budget deficits and the national debt have not been informed by a comprehensive empirical analysis of attempts to reduce the deficit. This thesis examines all deficit-affecting floor amendments to budget legislation from 1975 to 2005 in order to assess whether the bleak account …