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Articles 1 - 21 of 21
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Additionality Of Debt Relief And Debt Forgiveness, And Implications For Future Volumes Of Official Assistance, Léonce Ndikumana
Additionality Of Debt Relief And Debt Forgiveness, And Implications For Future Volumes Of Official Assistance, Léonce Ndikumana
Léonce Ndikumana
This paper examines the impact of debt forgiveness and debt relief on official development assistance. From the recipient side, the econometric analysis suggests that countries that received debt relief also received more aid compared to those that did not qualify for debt relief. From the donor side, while the data indicate a decline in aid disbursement since the early 1990s, there is no econometric evidence for any direct causal relationship between the decline in aid and debt relief/forgiveness. Nonetheless, the decline in aid raises serious concerns given that developing countries’ need in external resources cannot be met by debt relief …
A Model System For Study Of Sex Chromosome Effects On Sexually Dimorphic Neural And Behavioral Traits, Geert De Vries, E. F. Rissman, R. B. Simerly, Y. L. Yang, E. M. Scordalakes, C. J. Auger, A. Swain, R. Lovell-Badge, P. S. Burgoyne, A. P. Arnold
A Model System For Study Of Sex Chromosome Effects On Sexually Dimorphic Neural And Behavioral Traits, Geert De Vries, E. F. Rissman, R. B. Simerly, Y. L. Yang, E. M. Scordalakes, C. J. Auger, A. Swain, R. Lovell-Badge, P. S. Burgoyne, A. P. Arnold
Geert De Vries
We tested the hypothesis that genes encoded on the sex chromosomes play a direct role in sexual differentiation of brain and behavior. We used mice in which the testis-determining gene (Sry) was moved from the Y chromosome to an autosome (by deletion ofSry from the Y and subsequent insertion of anSry transgene onto an autosome), so that the determination of testis development occurred independently of the complement of X or Y chromosomes. We compared XX and XY mice with ovaries (females) and XX and XY mice with testes (males). These comparisons allowed us to assess the effect of sex chromosome …
Defining The Pattern Of The Sustainable Urban Region - Development Of Regional Measurement Methods, Elizabeth Brabec, Geoffrey Mcd. Lewis
Defining The Pattern Of The Sustainable Urban Region - Development Of Regional Measurement Methods, Elizabeth Brabec, Geoffrey Mcd. Lewis
Elizabeth Brabec
To date, the debate on the sustainability of human settlements has focused on the urban portion of the land use pattern. Since urban areas rely on suburban, rural, and other less densely settled areas for their existence, these areas must be included in any sustainability assessment. This need for a regional view has resulted in a typology of regional form, which allows comparisons of relative sustainability between various regional land use patterns. Based on resource efficiency, this regional analysis includes measurements related to water, agricultural land, habitat, energy use, and transportation and identifies primary indicators for each category. Existing methods …
Selling Canada To Canadians: Collective Memory, National Identity, And Popular Culture, Emily West
Selling Canada To Canadians: Collective Memory, National Identity, And Popular Culture, Emily West
Emily E. West
Two media endeavours, the Heritage Minutes and the CBC documentary Canada: A People’s History, hope to serve as a corrective to Canadians’ lack of interest in their history and to bolster national identity. However, the producers do not want to appear propagandistic in a country where there is conflict about what the shape of the nation should be. They accomplish this by appealing to the “on the spot” authority of journalistic representation and the emotional immediacy of dramatic story-telling. They also emphasize the multi-cultural and multi-perspectival nature of Canada’s past. However, ultimately these efforts exist within a larger narrative about …
Impervious Surfaces And Water Quality: A Review Of Current Literature And Its Implications For Watershed Planning, Elizabeth Brabec
Impervious Surfaces And Water Quality: A Review Of Current Literature And Its Implications For Watershed Planning, Elizabeth Brabec
Elizabeth Brabec
Impervious surfaces have for many years been recognized as an indicator of the intensity of the urban environment and, with the advent of urban sprawl, they have become a key issue in habitat health. Although a considerable amount of research has been done to define impervious thresholds for water quality degradation, there are a number of flaws in the assumptions and methodologies used. Given refinement of the methodology, accurate and usable parameters for preventative watershed planning can be developed, which include impervious surface thresholds and a balance between pervious and impervious surfaces within a watershed.
Images Of Bosnia, Joel Halpern
Images Of Bosnia, Joel Halpern
Joel M. Halpern
The images which appear here are, unless otherwise indicated, are copyright Joel M. Halpern and taken from the catalog of an exhibition entitled The Thin Veneer; the Peoples of Bosnia and their Disappearing Cultural Heritage (Copyright 1997, University of Massachusetts Amherst and used by permission). Copies of the catalog are available for $ 6.00 including postage, from: Betsy Siersma, Director, University Art Gallery, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002. Part of this presentation is also available online at http://www.h-net.org/~sae/halpern/photos.html.
Agricultural Land Fragmentation: The Spatial Effects Of Three Land Protection Strategies In The Eastern United States, Elizabeth Brabec, Chip Smith
Agricultural Land Fragmentation: The Spatial Effects Of Three Land Protection Strategies In The Eastern United States, Elizabeth Brabec, Chip Smith
Elizabeth Brabec
Fragmentation of agricultural land by urban sprawl affects both the agricultural production capacity of the land and its rural scenic quality. In order to assess the resulting fragmentation of the three most common types of agricultural land conservation tools in the United States, this study analyzes the spatial form of three land protection strategies: a purchase of development rights (PDR) program, a clustering program and a transfer of development rights program. By assessing a series of measures of success such as total acreage protected, size of parcels, contiguity and farming status, the study compares the effectiveness of programs that have …
Origins Of Apparent Violations Of The “No Phrase” Constraint In Modern Georgian, Alice Carmichael Harris
Origins Of Apparent Violations Of The “No Phrase” Constraint In Modern Georgian, Alice Carmichael Harris
Alice Harris
It is widely suggested in the literature that words are based on words, roots, or stems, but not on phrases (the "No Phrase" Constraint). In Modern Georgian, constructions such as megobar-ta-gan-i '[one, some] of the friends' are common; they appear to violate the "No Phrase" Constraint because gan 'from' is traditionally considered a postposition. In this example, -i, the marker of the nominative case, serves as both inflectional and derivational morphology, deriving a substantive, apparently from the postpositional phrase. The paper demonstrates that the construction at issue originated in double case marking. Old Georgia had case marking of this sort, …
Comparative Markedness (Long Version), John J. Mccarthy
Comparative Markedness (Long Version), John J. Mccarthy
John J. McCarthy
The markedness constraints of classic Optimality Theory assign violation-marks to output candidates without reference to the input or to other candidates. This paper explores an alternative conception of markedness that is comparative: markedness constraints compare the candidate under evaluation with another candidate, the most faithful one. Comparative constraints distinguish two situations: the candidate under evaluation contains an instance of a marked structure that is also present in the fully-faithful candidate; or the candidate under evaluation contains an instance of a marked structure that is not present in the fully faithful candidate. The empirical consequences of comparative markedness are explored, including …
On Targeted Constraints And Cluster Simplification, John J. Mccarthy
On Targeted Constraints And Cluster Simplification, John J. Mccarthy
John J. McCarthy
In his article 'Consonant cluster neutralisation and targeted constraints', Wilson (2001) proposes a far-reaching revision of Optimality Theory to accommodate targeted constraints, which compare candidates differing only in certain specific ways. Targeted constraints, it is argued, can explain why cluster-simplification processes affect the first member of a cluster but never the more marked member of a cluster. In this remark, I show that this argument encounters difficulties once it has been embedded in a fuller picture of constraint interaction. Some general properties of the targeted-constraints model are also discussed.
The First Revolt And Its Afterlife, Neil A. Silberman
The First Revolt And Its Afterlife, Neil A. Silberman
Neil A. Silberman
No abstract provided.
Parental Involvement In Children’S Education: Lessons From Three Immigrant Groups, Garcia Coll Cyntihia, Akiba Daisuke, Palacios Natalia, Bailey Benjamin, Silver Rebecca, Dimartino Lisa, Chin Cindy
Parental Involvement In Children’S Education: Lessons From Three Immigrant Groups, Garcia Coll Cyntihia, Akiba Daisuke, Palacios Natalia, Bailey Benjamin, Silver Rebecca, Dimartino Lisa, Chin Cindy
Benjamin Bailey
No abstract provided.
Language, Race, And Negotiation Of Identity: A Study Of Dominican Americans, Benjamin Bailey
Language, Race, And Negotiation Of Identity: A Study Of Dominican Americans, Benjamin Bailey
Benjamin Bailey
No abstract provided.
Variation In Organic Standards Prior To The National Organic Program, Julie Caswell
Variation In Organic Standards Prior To The National Organic Program, Julie Caswell
Julie Caswell
Interest in establishing nationally uniform certification, labeling, and management standards for organic products grew out of concern that the existence of multiple standards led to consumer and supply chain confusion about, and lack of confidence in, these products. The National Organic Program Final Rule, issued in December 2000, is the result of this interest. We analyze the certification system that was in place prior to the new national rule to evaluate the extent of differences between certification standards and how the national rule is likely to impact the market for organic products. Our analysis suggests that most differences among US …
Benchmarking: Measurable Indicators Of Economic Success, John Mullin, Zenia Kotval, Edward Murray
Benchmarking: Measurable Indicators Of Economic Success, John Mullin, Zenia Kotval, Edward Murray
John R. Mullin
All our communities are striving for economic success. Political platforms are built on promises of economic prosperity. However, we rarely thoroughly measure this success. Across the country people are increasingly interested in ensuring that government expenditures are well spent. We can note this interest at all levels of government ranging from local to national scales. As well, accountability, in all of its manifestations, is a critical element of the "quality movement" that is becoming acculturated in both the private and public sectors. This article focuses on how local economic development officials can measure and evaluate their professional activities in a …
The Changing Character Of Economic Development, John R. Mullin
The Changing Character Of Economic Development, John R. Mullin
John R. Mullin
This article lays out several key trends concerning industrial development that I have noted over the past ten years in my consulting practice and academic research. They are not exhaustive nor will they be reflected in all parts of the country. They do, however, point out that we need to continually adapt to the market place; we need to become more pro-active in controlling how and where we stimulate development; we need to insure that we provide the opportunity for industry to succeed; and, finally, we must be reflective of world events and the speed of change.
Caring For Our Young: Child Care In Europe And The United States, Dan Clawson, Naomi Gerstel
Caring For Our Young: Child Care In Europe And The United States, Dan Clawson, Naomi Gerstel
Dan Clawson
No abstract provided.
Toward A Theory Of Federal Bureaucracy For The Twenty-First Century, Jane E. Fountain
Toward A Theory Of Federal Bureaucracy For The Twenty-First Century, Jane E. Fountain
Jane E. Fountain
The Internet promises vast changes in American government that range from Internet voting to interactive online services for the public to virtual diplomacy. As a vehicle for disjunctive change in communication, coordination, and control, the Internet and related information technologies make possible new and exciting developments in operations, regulation, and enforcement. In spite of its revolutionary power, the potential benefits of the Internet, and its potential perils, will be strongly influenced by the current organizations and institutions of government, for it is within the constraints posed by these structural arrangements that government actors make decisions and information networks that connect …
Defining The Pattern Of The Sustainable Urban Region, Elizabeth Brabec, Geoffrey Mcd. Lewis
Defining The Pattern Of The Sustainable Urban Region, Elizabeth Brabec, Geoffrey Mcd. Lewis
Elizabeth Brabec
No abstract provided.
Meridian Hill Park: The Making Of An American Neoclassical Landscape, Elizabeth Brabec
Meridian Hill Park: The Making Of An American Neoclassical Landscape, Elizabeth Brabec
Elizabeth Brabec
The neoclassical design was the dominant design movement in landscape architecture at the turn of the last century, dictating the form and design of public parks for most of the first half of the twentieth century. Meridian Hill Park, located just north of the White ouse in Washington, DC, is considered the most ambitious neoclassical park ever conceived in the United States. The paper provides an overview of the design development of the park, illustrating how classical design precedents were used to create a contemporary neo-classical park.
Sexual Differentiation Of The Bed Nucleus Of The Stria Terminalis In Humans May Extend Into Adulthood, Geert De Vries, W. C.J Chung, D. F. Swaab
Sexual Differentiation Of The Bed Nucleus Of The Stria Terminalis In Humans May Extend Into Adulthood, Geert De Vries, W. C.J Chung, D. F. Swaab
Geert De Vries
Gonadal steroids have remarkable developmental effects on sex-dependent brain organization and behavior in animals. Presumably, fetal or neonatal gonadal steroids are also responsible for sexual differentiation of the human brain. A limbic structure of special interest in this regard is the sexually dimorphic central subdivision of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTc), because its size has been related to the gender identity disorder transsexuality. To determine at what age the BSTc becomes sexually dimorphic, the BSTc volume in males and females was studied from midgestation into adulthood. Using vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and somatostatin immunocytochemical staining as markers, we …