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Articles 1 - 2 of 2
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Differential Reinforcement Of Other Behavior And Response Suppression: The Effects Of The Response-Reinforcement Interval, Thomas S. Rieg, Nelson F. Smith, Stuart Vyse
Differential Reinforcement Of Other Behavior And Response Suppression: The Effects Of The Response-Reinforcement Interval, Thomas S. Rieg, Nelson F. Smith, Stuart Vyse
Psychology Faculty Publications
Three experiments were conducted comparing the effects of the relationship between the response-reinforcement interval and the reinforcement-reinforcement interval in a differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) contingency. The experiments followed an acquisition, treatment, and reacquisition sequence where rats were trained to press a lever for food, were exposed to response elimination contingencies (DRO and extinction), and finally tested for the effectiveness of their respective treatment conditions. Experiment 1 shows that the longer the response-reinforcement interval the more effective the suppressive effects of DRO. Experiment 2 shows that it is the relationship of the response-reinforcement interval to the reinforcement-reinforcement interval that …
Functional Explanation And Metaphysical Individualism, Justin Schwartz
Functional Explanation And Metaphysical Individualism, Justin Schwartz
Justin Schwartz
A number of (present or former) analytical Marxists, such as Jon Elster, have argued that functional explanation has almost no place in the social sciences. (Although the discussion is framed in terms of a debate among analytical Marxists, the point is quite general, and Marxism is used for illustrative purposes.) Functional explanation accounts for what is to be explained by reference to its function; thus, sighted organism have eyes because eyes enable them to see. Elster and other critics of functional explanation argue that this pattern of explanation is inconsistent with "methodological individualism," the idea, as they understand it, that …