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Articles 1 - 30 of 204
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Relationship Between Autistic Traits, Autistic Camouflaging, And Adults’ Representations Of Abstract And Social Concepts, Henry Tomiser, Katja Wiemer Dr.
The Relationship Between Autistic Traits, Autistic Camouflaging, And Adults’ Representations Of Abstract And Social Concepts, Henry Tomiser, Katja Wiemer Dr.
Honors Capstones
Concrete concepts (e.g., BUTTON) can be experienced directly by the senses, whereas abstract concepts (e.g., FRIENDSHIP) cannot. Additionally, the mind may represent abstract concepts using more introspective, social, and emotional information than concrete concepts. Social difficulties are one defining feature of autism, and autistic individuals may use social camouflaging to hide these difficulties, but the precise nature of social processing in autism is not known. This study aims to explore possible links between autistic traits, autistic camouflaging, and mental representations of concepts. Participants gave open-ended definitions for concepts varying in concreteness and social content via an online survey. Responses were …
Antagonism Attenuates The Relationship Between Childhood Polyvictimization And Distress In Adulthood, Benjamin D. Carsten
Antagonism Attenuates The Relationship Between Childhood Polyvictimization And Distress In Adulthood, Benjamin D. Carsten
Honors Capstones
The cumulative effects of childhood polyvictimization, including incremental increases in experiences of childhood maltreatment (CM) types, such as sexual abuse and emotional neglect are associated with an increase in psychological distress. Personality trait domains as measured by the Personality Inventory of the DSM-5, are independently associated with psychological distress, and are thought to moderate the association between traumatic events and distress. The present study was conducted with a sample of undergraduate students (N = 485) who were administered a battery of questionnaires including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS-II) and the Personality Inventory for …
Childhood Sexual Abuse And The Role Of Experiential Avoidance In College Alcohol Use, Regina Montes
Childhood Sexual Abuse And The Role Of Experiential Avoidance In College Alcohol Use, Regina Montes
Honors Capstones
Childhood trauma has been related in numerous studies to maladaptive behavior as well as risky behaviors in adulthood, such as alcohol use. However, few studies have focused specifically on the relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and alcohol use. Moreover, experiential avoidance has been shown to be an important factor in poor behavioral outcomes in young adults with a history of childhood trauma. The present study explores experiential avoidance as a mediating factor of the relationship between CSA and alcohol severity in college students. Data for this current investigation was collected as a part of a larger study of undergraduate …
Test Anxiety Inflation, Brian Podkulski, David P. Valentiner
Test Anxiety Inflation, Brian Podkulski, David P. Valentiner
Honors Capstones
Mental health conditions are higher than ever worldwide, despite best efforts to increase public awareness and deliver informed solutions. To account for this rise, some suggested models argue that measures taken to ameliorate mental health problems are actually contributing to their inflation through iatrogenic effects. The current proposed study seeks to identify the possibility of iatrogenic effects on test anxiety as a product of psychoeducational material. The scope of this study includes the immediate effects of viewing a typical short-form informational video on core and adjacent symptoms of test anxiety. Participants will engage with our study entirely through an online …
Trauma Type, Resilience And Sense Of Self, Caitlin R. Callahan
Trauma Type, Resilience And Sense Of Self, Caitlin R. Callahan
Honors Capstones
Most individuals will experience at least one traumatic event in their lifetime (Alim et al., 2008), potentially leading to a diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. PTSD can have significant psychological and physical repercussions (Brady et al., 1997). Experiencing trauma, such as interpersonal or non-interpersonal, can negatively impact resiliency and sense of self. The current study hypothesized that participants who reported interpersonal trauma as their worst event would report lower resilience and sense of self compared to participants reporting a non-interpersonal trauma. Four hundred and twenty-nine undergraduate students were given questionnaires to assess traumatic experiences, resiliency, and sense of self using …
Examining The Effects Of Parameter Correlation And Its Implications For Models Of Learning And Retention: A Large Scale Model Validation : Examining The Effects Of Parameter Correlation And Its Implications For Models Of Learning Andretention: A Large Scale Model Validation, Michael Gordon Collins
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Mathematical models of learning and retention have long been developed in psychology for both basic and applied research. For basic research, models of learning and retention attempt to explain how individuals acquire and retain information over time. While for applied research, models of learning and retention are used to inform education and training decisions. In both of these applications, the primary purpose of using a model is to fit and predict the performance of individuals. However, little attention has been paid to the interpretation of a model’s free parameters (i.e., learning and decay rates) and the effect that a model’s …
Gender Differences In Youth’S Mental Health Problems During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kimberly A. Hohlfeld
Gender Differences In Youth’S Mental Health Problems During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kimberly A. Hohlfeld
Honors Capstones
The purpose of this research paper is to examine whether young girls were more likely to experience depression and anxiety symptoms than young boys during the COVID-19 pandemic at two time points, in April of 2020 and May of 2020. An additional hypothesis that was examined was whether the presence of siblings in the home moderated the association between gender and depression and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. T-tests were used to analyze the mean differences in youth mental health symptoms based on gender. Young girls were found to experience significantly higher anxiety symptoms in May of 2020 than …
Assessing The Association Between Experiential Avoidance, Resilience, And Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms, Victoria G. Latayan
Assessing The Association Between Experiential Avoidance, Resilience, And Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms, Victoria G. Latayan
Honors Capstones
Resilience is a specific skill that can be fostered over time which, when mastered in greater amounts, allows individuals to more readily cope with interpersonal conflict and stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which experiential avoidance of distressing stimuli and trait resilience predict Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. To test this, participants were instructed to complete self-report questionnaires that assessed experiential avoidance and resilience. Each participant also completed the PTSD checklist for DSM-5. The results of the study showed that while trait resilience did not significantly predict Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS), experiential avoidance and …
The Effects Of Color On Flavor, Tiffany S. Yoo
The Effects Of Color On Flavor, Tiffany S. Yoo
Honors Capstones
Color and its relation to flavor, is a complex cognitive phenomenon that researchers today are still trying to decipher. The present literature review is an examination of the history of color, process of color perception, the effects of additional factors such as saturation, the exploration of senses that may potentially contribute to perception itself, and the different modern theories suggested. The purpose of this project was to review, revise, and narrow down which theories can be deemed as accurate in terms of the amount of support addressed by modern literature. While a clear-cut answer was not concluded, three potential theories …
Analyzing Parent Trust As A Predictor Of Parental Involvement With Adhd As Moderator, Justin D. Ligeski
Analyzing Parent Trust As A Predictor Of Parental Involvement With Adhd As Moderator, Justin D. Ligeski
Honors Capstones
The current study examined the relationship between parent trust and parent involvement. Higher levels of parent involvement have been shown to have positive effects on child behavior and achievement, and past studies have found significant positive correlations between levels of trust and involvement. ADHD was examined as a possible moderator of the association between trust and parent involvement. Extant data from a larger study involving parents of students in kindergarten was examined. Regression was used to examine the association between parent trust and parent involvement behaviors. ADHD was included in the regression models as a moderator. Results indicated that some …
Leadership And Secure Base, Bincy Davis
Leadership And Secure Base, Bincy Davis
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Research on Attachment theory has established the need for secure base in adulthood (e.g., Hazan & Shaver, 1990). However, few researchers have explored the importance of secure base in a work setting. The purpose of my study was to examine the relevance of secure base in the leadership process. Results from pilot research (N = 272) showed that 13 leader behaviors were positively associated with secure base. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that 5 factors underlay these 13 leader behaviors. Results from structural equation modeling provided support for a secure base model of leader behaviors in Study 1 (N = 272 …
Investigating The Multi-Faceted Nature Of Cyberloafing Based On Job Features, Alexandria Bohn
Investigating The Multi-Faceted Nature Of Cyberloafing Based On Job Features, Alexandria Bohn
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After COVID-19, organizations have had to shift the nature of the workplace leading to increased access to personal devices and internet with remote and hybrid work environments. Over the past several years, technological advancements have allowed for employees to partake in cyberloafing behaviors. Cyberloafing is a tool in which an employee uses the internet for personal reasons during the workday. There has been a divide in the literature regarding the auspicious versus detrimental effects of cyberloafing on employee outcomes. Primarily, researchers have focused on the harm of cyberloafing, the money it costs organizations, and proper ways to reduce this employee …
Autonomy :A Modern Perspective, Riley Schwanz
Autonomy :A Modern Perspective, Riley Schwanz
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Organizational leaders want to retain employees who are healthy and motivated. Physical and mental health issues are on the rise in America for younger and older generations. Researchers have found that higher levels of autonomy relate to improved mental health, physical health, job satisfaction, performance, and the list goes on. However, a gap in the literature is a lack of understanding of the complex relationships between autonomy and outcomes, both functional and dysfunctional. I found that intrinsic motivation and autonomy support can compensate for lower levels of autonomy in one’s work. These new findings provide researchers and organizational leaders with …
Establishing Roots Before Branching Out: Parameter Recovery In Item Response Tree Models, Tyler Ryan
Establishing Roots Before Branching Out: Parameter Recovery In Item Response Tree Models, Tyler Ryan
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Item Response Trees are a type of item response model that incorporates information about conditional responding to items using a rooted tree graph structure. Researchers have used item response trees for common measurement tasks and for testing novel hypotheses. Previous simulation studies investigating item response trees either lack generalizability to the broad domain of their use or lack thorough investigation and reporting of the results. I conducted a simulation study to explore how sample size, test length, item characteristics, and tree structure affect both item and person parameter recovery for 1PL and 2PL models. The results suggested that, as with …
Development And Validation Of A Norm Violation Sexual Harassment Scale, Krista N. Harris
Development And Validation Of A Norm Violation Sexual Harassment Scale, Krista N. Harris
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Sexual harassment continues to be an important area of study. However, there’s a dearth of research regarding sexual harassment towards others that considers sex, gender, and sexual orientation. Previous research has suggested that gender harassment and heterosexist harassment are intertwined (Leskinen & Cortina, 2014), but little research has examined how the empirical and conceptual overlap of gender harassment and heterosexist harassment could allude to a more general construct, norm violation sexual harassment. Norm violation sexual harassment is an overarching construct focusing on norm violations rather than sex, gender, or sexual orientation specifically. Using two samples, my study demonstrates evidence for …
Pragmatically Appropriate Abstractive Summarization Of Jtac Radio Conversations, Spencer M. Seals
Pragmatically Appropriate Abstractive Summarization Of Jtac Radio Conversations, Spencer M. Seals
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In this work, I explore the development of computational methods for automatically creating after-action reports of JTAC radio conversations. Prior research has investigated related issues of sentence compression, text summarization, and conversation summarization (Banerjee, Mitra, & Sugiyama, 2015; Clarke & Lapata, 2008; L. Wang & Cardie, 2012; Raffel et al., 2020). However, this work makes limiting assumptions about what features are relevant to a summary and what sources of information should be included. I propose methods that combine knowledge from linguistic, procedural, and domain sources to address these limitations. Results indicate that the proposed model performs better than some of …
Short-Term Learning For Long-Term Retention : Dynamic Associative Memory, Joseph James Glavan Iv
Short-Term Learning For Long-Term Retention : Dynamic Associative Memory, Joseph James Glavan Iv
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Instead of characterizing transfer from short-term memory to long-term memory as the relocation of information from one structural system to another, I propose a theory that conceives of transfer as the learning processes that act on and transform the representations of the information itself. Dynamic Associative Memory posits that recently encoded memories are supported by active maintenance and the relevance of the current context. Over time, the current context becomes less relevant; therefore, the brain must learn contextually invariant associations between memories so that they may support themselves. I instantiated my theory in the ACT-R cognitive architecture and created a …
Are All High-Potentials Successful Leaders? Exploring The Underlying Effect Of Impostor Syndrome And Evaluative Concerns On The Relationship Between Hipo Designation And Leadership Self-Efficacy., Anjishnu Chakrabarti, Lisa M. Finkelstein
Are All High-Potentials Successful Leaders? Exploring The Underlying Effect Of Impostor Syndrome And Evaluative Concerns On The Relationship Between Hipo Designation And Leadership Self-Efficacy., Anjishnu Chakrabarti, Lisa M. Finkelstein
Honors Capstones
The rising prevalence of high-potential (HiPo) employee programs in organizations has led academicians to begin to research this newly developing area under the realm of industrial/organizational psychology. High-potential programs are intended to find employees with the maximum potential to succeed in strategic leadership roles within the organization and provide those individuals with specialized training and related developmental opportunities. The term “HiPo” refers to such employees who are designated as having higher potential than the average. This study aimed to explore the relationship that exists between employees being designated as HiPo and their self-perception of being successful leaders (measured as leadership …
Investigating The Efficacy Of Novel Measures Of Careless Responding To Tests, Mark Christopher Ramsey
Investigating The Efficacy Of Novel Measures Of Careless Responding To Tests, Mark Christopher Ramsey
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Research has demonstrated that careless responding (CR) threatens the construct validity of measures (see Huang et al., 2015; Wise & Kong, 2005). Researchers have developed and studied many measurement approaches to capture CR in surveys, with different survey measures compensating for the practical or empirical limitations of other measures. This research is distinguished from ability test CR research because ability tests are fundamentally different from surveys. Within ability tests, CR research has focused only on response time and self-report measures of CR, both of which carry limitations. The former is inflexible because the index necessitates item-level response time information, and …
Perpetrator Workplace Aggression: Development Of A Perpetrator Aggression Scale (Pas), Md Rashedul Islam
Perpetrator Workplace Aggression: Development Of A Perpetrator Aggression Scale (Pas), Md Rashedul Islam
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Perpetrator workplace aggression has always been considered as a uni-dimensional construct from the uni-dimensional perspective. The most popular and widely used scale, interpersonal deviance scale (IDS; Bennett & Robinson, 2000), to assess perpetrator workplace aggression has only seven items (i.e., seven content areas), which lacks a high level of content-related and construct-related validity. Recently, researchers have suggested that perpetrator workplace aggression may be a construct with a general factor at the top (Sackett & DeVore, 2001); however, this general factor can be less clear for a more complex model (Marcus et al., 2016). Using three samples (N = 271, 337, …
Using Metaperceptions To Evaluate Conscientiousness And Predict Gpa, Montana R. Woolley
Using Metaperceptions To Evaluate Conscientiousness And Predict Gpa, Montana R. Woolley
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Personality measures have been used for decades to predict many important workplace outcomes, however, the literature reveals weak predictive validities (Barrick et al., 2001; Morgeson et al., 2007). This study investigates metaperceptions, or an individual’s belief about how others perceive them (Laing et al., 1966), to determine if they are a more effective predictor of behavioral outcomes than the typical self-report measures used today. Metaperceptions capture a different perspective than classic self-reports and other-reports, and therefore may measure a different source of construct relevant variance. Using a student sample (N = 181), we tested three main hypotheses: (1) combining self-ratings, …
Personality And Organizational Justice Effects On Counterproductive Work Behavior, Alec C. Drabish
Personality And Organizational Justice Effects On Counterproductive Work Behavior, Alec C. Drabish
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Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) costs U.S. organizations billions annually (e.g., Bennett & Robinson, 2000). Any behavior that goes against the goals of an organization and is intended to harm either the organization or its members can fit the definition of CWB. To properly address these problems an accurate understanding of CWB and its’ determinants is necessary. Employee perceptions of fairness (organizational justice) is linked to CWB because employees reciprocate unfair treatment with CWB (e.g., Shaw et al., 2003), and the personality traits honesty-humility and self-control are also strong determinants of CWB because high levels of these traits will suppress the …
User Interface Design For Supervisory Control Of Multiple Manned And Unmanned Air Vehicles, Taleri Lynn Hammack
User Interface Design For Supervisory Control Of Multiple Manned And Unmanned Air Vehicles, Taleri Lynn Hammack
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This dissertation research will cover lessons learned from the three-year, iterative design and evaluation of TECUMSA (Tasking and Execution of Collaborative Unmanned and Manned Systems with Autonomy). TECUMSA is a graphical user interface and autonomous tool suite that enables a single operator (e.g., an Air Mission Commander) to team with autonomous capabilities (e.g., route planning, aircraft task allocation) to effectively command and control multiple manned and unmanned aircraft in a contested battlespace. The user/AMC was responsible for accomplishing a series of reconnaissance, surveillance, and threat neutralization tasks in a hostile and dynamic simulated battlespace. The main challenges in this problem …
Testing The Lumberjack Analogy: Automation, Situational Awareness, And Mental Workload, Justin W. Morgan
Testing The Lumberjack Analogy: Automation, Situational Awareness, And Mental Workload, Justin W. Morgan
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This study examines the effects of automation on the human user of that automation. Automation has been shown to produce a variety of benefits to employees in terms of performance and a reduction of workload, but research in this area indicates that this might be at the cost of situational awareness. This loss of situational awareness is thought to lead to “out-of-the-loop” performance effects. One way this set of effects has been explained is through the “lumberjack” analogy, which suggests these effects are related to degree of automation and automation failure. This study recreates the effects of automation on mental …
The Effect Of Fractal Dimensionality On Behavioral Judgments Of Built Environments, William Andrew Stalker
The Effect Of Fractal Dimensionality On Behavioral Judgments Of Built Environments, William Andrew Stalker
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This research examines the effects of fractal dimensionality on ratings of beauty, relaxation, and interest, when these patterns are incorporated in a built space. Previous findings suggest that fractal patterns can be used to mimic the beneficial psychological and physiological effects that arise from viewing nature. This research focuses on studying the impact of fractal patterns when presented within urban environments. The findings here are primarily consistent with previous research. Medium D patterns are preferred over the other pattern complexities. Low D patterns are consistently rated as more relaxing. High D patterns are rated as being more interesting over low …
Word Superiority Effects In Dyslexics, Sarah A. Sinclair-Amend
Word Superiority Effects In Dyslexics, Sarah A. Sinclair-Amend
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Distorting the word superiority effect with intraword spacing was used to investigate the processing difference in single-word reading for dyslexics and controls. Perfetti’s Reading model suggests that dyslexics would have reduced processing capacity with intraword spacing. Results from a Covid-modified experimental protocol generally did not support the hypothesis. There was poor differentiation between groups in the word capacity coefficient. Response time by itself was also not informative. However, dyslexics had reduced accuracy in distractor identification across intraword spacings due to the lack of retention in phonological working memory or attention in central executive deficit (Alt, Fox, Levy, et al., 2022; …
Indirect Effects Of Social Stressors, Emotional Labor, And Voice Facets On Attitudinal And Behavioral Outcomes Through Burnout, Maria Alejandra Flores Espina
Indirect Effects Of Social Stressors, Emotional Labor, And Voice Facets On Attitudinal And Behavioral Outcomes Through Burnout, Maria Alejandra Flores Espina
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Though researchers have found that burnout results in lower performance and can lead to employee turnover, this research has mainly examined main effects. It is important to study both additional antecedents and outcomes of burnout to better understand how to recognize burnout symptoms early, why they are occurring, and how to mitigate burnout. Also, it is important to examine underlying mechanisms and moderating effects between antecedents of burnout, burnout, and attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. I examined indirect effects of customer-related social stressors and emotional labor on job attitudes and withdrawal behaviors through burnout and moderation effects of voice perceptions on …
Mind Wandering As A Result Of Failed Self-Regulation: An Examination Of Novel Antecedents, Kent Etherton
Mind Wandering As A Result Of Failed Self-Regulation: An Examination Of Novel Antecedents, Kent Etherton
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The purpose of this study was to examine the role of self-regulatory mechanisms when predicting mind wandering. I collected data from a sample of undergraduate psychology students (N = 168) and full-time workers (N = 660). The hypothesized model did not produce acceptable fit. However, through alternative model testing, I discovered a well-fitting model of self-regulatory predictors of mind wandering. These results contributed to the literature by providing evidence that motivational mechanisms significantly predict mind wandering in both student and work contexts and raise issues relating to 1) the uni- versus multi-dimensionality of approach and avoid-motivational temperaments, 2) distinctions between …
Investigating The Relationship Between Ethics Program Components, Individual Attributes, And Perceptions Of Ethical Climate, Aaron Buchanan
Investigating The Relationship Between Ethics Program Components, Individual Attributes, And Perceptions Of Ethical Climate, Aaron Buchanan
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Though research has identified common outcomes of ethical work climates, less is known regarding its antecedents. Situational components such as ethics programs and individual, moral-related variables such as moral identity and moral attentiveness may influence the way employees perceive the ethical climate of their organization. I conducted t-tests and calculated bivariate correlations to determine if there were significant relationships between ethics program components, individual moral-related variables and ethical climate dimensions. My results (N = 422 recruited from Mechanical Turk) revealed that ethics program components and individual, moral-related variables are significantly related to multiple dimensions of ethical climate. Most significant relationships …
The Predictive Power Of Machiavellianism, Emotional Manipulation, Agreeableness, And Emotional Intelligence On Counterproductive Work Behaviors, Ryan L. Walters
The Predictive Power Of Machiavellianism, Emotional Manipulation, Agreeableness, And Emotional Intelligence On Counterproductive Work Behaviors, Ryan L. Walters
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Characteristics of Machiavellian individuals include a propensity to manipulate and deceive others, making them susceptible to committing counterproductive work behaviors (Deshong et al., 2014). Machiavellians endorse emotional manipulation as a tactic to achieve desirable outcomes, and experience deficits in emotional intelligence and agreeableness (Austin at al., 2007). The purpose of my study is to examine Machiavellianism and emotional intelligence and their relationships to counterproductive work behaviors. I collected survey results via Amazon MTURK with a sample of 153 participants. Bivariate correlation analyses show that Machiavellianism positively predicted Emotional Manipulation and negatively predicted Emotional Intelligence. Emotional manipulation was found to partially …