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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™

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Series

2008

Brigham Young University

Articles 1 - 30 of 59

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

The Gendered Meanings Of Assets For Divorce, Jeffrey P. Dew Dec 2008

The Gendered Meanings Of Assets For Divorce, Jeffrey P. Dew

Faculty Publications

Scholars identified a negative relationship between assets and divorce decades ago, but the mechanisms behind this relationship remain unknown. Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households (N = 4,721 couples), this study compared three mechanisms that might link assets and divorce. Non-proportional Cox hazard models indicated that two of the three mechanisms explained the relationship between assets and divorce. Wives’ marital satisfaction and their perceptions of their hypothetical post-divorce standard of living completely mediated the relationship between assets and divorce. The relationship between assets and divorce was not related to husbands’ characteristics.

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Autism Fast Start Checklist, Tina Taylor, Leeann Whiffen Dec 2008

Autism Fast Start Checklist, Tina Taylor, Leeann Whiffen

Faculty Publications

This Fast Start Checklist was created to help parents in Utah who are concerned that their child is exhibiting signs of an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It serves as a general guideline for obtaining support through the evaluation and initial treatment process and is not intended to be all-inclusive. Early Intervention and school personnel can guide parents to these resources as they collaborate to determine the best route for serving children who exhibit signs of ASD. Parents should be encouraged to not try to do everything on this list, as they are provided as points to consider. This checklist is …

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Prayer And Marital Intervention: Asking For Divine Help... Or Professional Trouble?, Loren D. Marks Sep 2008

Prayer And Marital Intervention: Asking For Divine Help... Or Professional Trouble?, Loren D. Marks

Faculty Publications

My selected title for this response piece reflects the late David Larson's identification of religion as the university's "anti-tenure topic." Beach, Fincham, Hurt, McNair, and Stanley (hereafter, the authors) have stepped upon some dangerous soil. However, this statement is intended as a welcome, not a threat. I appreciate the authors' efforts to break new ground in an important but highly sensitive domain.

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An Evaluation Of An Upper-Division, General Education Information Literacy Program, Elizabeth S. Hopkins, Suzanne Julian Sep 2008

An Evaluation Of An Upper-Division, General Education Information Literacy Program, Elizabeth S. Hopkins, Suzanne Julian

Faculty Publications

The Advanced Writing library instruction program at Brigham Young University's Harold B. Lee Library (HBLL) is intended to teach junior-level students advanced information literacy and research skills. The university general education curriculum requires students to participate in the program as part of their Advanced Writing course. When anecdotal feedback from librarians and students identified problems with the program, the authors conducted a qualitative evaluation of the program in order to identify problems and possible solutions. The evaluation included a student survey and focus groups with students, librarians, and English faculty. This paper describes the HBLL Advanced Writing instruction program, identifies …

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Making The Connection Between Prayer, Faith, And Forgiveness In Roman Catholic Families, Mindi Batson, Loren Marks Sep 2008

Making The Connection Between Prayer, Faith, And Forgiveness In Roman Catholic Families, Mindi Batson, Loren Marks

Faculty Publications

This study examines meanings and processes associated with religious practices of prayer, building faith, and forgiving through in-depth, qualitative interviews with six highly religious Roman Catholic families with children. Families were interviewed using a narrative approach that asked participants to share experiences and challenges related to faith and family life. Three primary themes in the interviews included: (a) prayer helps piece the puzzle together, (b) faith builds a foundation, and (c) forgiveness allows unity to flourish.

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A Bridge To The Eifel: Clara Viebig And Her Literary Style, Nathan Bates Aug 2008

A Bridge To The Eifel: Clara Viebig And Her Literary Style, Nathan Bates

Student Works

Clara Viebig was a woman author in Germany at the end of the nineteenth century, transitioning into the twentieth century. Viebig was born in Trier at the southern end of a region in western Germany known as the Eifel. Her works often utilized the landscape and countryside of this area, which has given them a unique dynamic. Although Viebig's technique has been examined in light of various literary styles, including naturalism (Krauss-Theim), neo-romanticism (Fleisscher), and Heimatkunst (Ecker), it has never been examined for its own unique merit. I believe that landscape plays a particularly profound role in shaping and influencing …

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Activity In Both Hippocampus And Perirhinal Cortex Predicts The Memory Strength Of Subsequently Remembered Information, Y. Schrager, C. Brock Kirwan, L. R. Squire Aug 2008

Activity In Both Hippocampus And Perirhinal Cortex Predicts The Memory Strength Of Subsequently Remembered Information, Y. Schrager, C. Brock Kirwan, L. R. Squire

Faculty Publications

An influential idea about memory and medial temporal lobe function suggests that hippocampal activity predicts subsequent recognition success only when decisions are based on recollection, whereas perirhinal activity predicts subsequent recognition success when decisions are based on familiarity. An alternative idea is that hippocampal and perirhinal activity are both sensitive to the level of overall memory strength. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we have tested the relationship between brain activity during learning and subsequent memory strength. Activity in a number of cortical regions (including regions within what has been termed the default network) was negatively correlated with subsequent memory strength, …

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Negative And Positive Peer Influence: Relations To Positive And Negative Behaviors For African American, European American, And Hispanic Adolescents, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Roy A. Bean Aug 2008

Negative And Positive Peer Influence: Relations To Positive And Negative Behaviors For African American, European American, And Hispanic Adolescents, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Roy A. Bean

Faculty Publications

The purpose of the current study was to examine adolescents’ perceptions of negative and positive peer influence (i.e., indirect peer association and direct peer pressure) as they related to adolescent behavior. Regression analyses were conducted using a sample of African American, European American, and Hispanic adolescents (N ¼ 1659, M age ¼ 16.06, SD ¼ 1.10). The study found differences and similarities in relation to respondents’ ethnicity vis-a`-vis indirect peer association and adolescent behavior. Although few ethnic-based differences occurred as a function of indirect negative peer association, indirect positive peer association was not as consistently or as strongly related to …

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The Effects Of Viewing Physical And Relational Aggression In The Media: Evidence For A Cross-Over Effect, Sarah M. Coyne, David A. Nelson, Frances Lawton, Shelly Haslam, Lucy Rooney, Leigh Titterington, Hannah Trainor, Jack Remnant, Leah Ogunlaja Jul 2008

The Effects Of Viewing Physical And Relational Aggression In The Media: Evidence For A Cross-Over Effect, Sarah M. Coyne, David A. Nelson, Frances Lawton, Shelly Haslam, Lucy Rooney, Leigh Titterington, Hannah Trainor, Jack Remnant, Leah Ogunlaja

Faculty Publications

Research has shown that viewing violence in the media can have a profound impact on aggressive thoughts and behaviors. However, the impact of viewing relational aggression in the media has rarely been examined. This paper presents the results of an experimental study that examines the impact of viewing relational and physical aggression in the media on subsequent aggression. In this study, adult females were shown video clips containing no-aggression, relational aggression, or physical aggression. Their aggressive behavior was measured through the use of a competitive reaction time task (physical aggression) and evaluations of a confederate of the experiment (relational aggression). …

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How Scholarly Is Google Scholar? A Comparison Of Google Scholar To Library Databases, Jared L. Howland, Thomas C. Wright, Rebecca A. Boughan Jul 2008

How Scholarly Is Google Scholar? A Comparison Of Google Scholar To Library Databases, Jared L. Howland, Thomas C. Wright, Rebecca A. Boughan

Faculty Publications

Google Scholar (GS) was released as a beta product in November of 2004. Since then, GS has been scrutinized and questioned by many in academia and the library field. Our objectives in undertaking this study were to determine how scholarly GS is in comparison with traditional library resources and to determine if the scholarliness of materials found in GS varies across disciplines. We found that GS is, on average, 17.6% more scholarly than materials found only in library databases and that there is no statistically significant difference between the scholarliness of materials found in GS across disciplines.

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Tnfα Sirna Reduces Brain Tnf And Eeg Delta Wave Activity In Rats, Ping Taishi, Lynn Churchill, Mingxiang Wang, Daniel Kay, Christopher J. Davis, Xin Guan, Alok De, Tadanobu Yasuda, Fan Liao, James M. Krueger Jul 2008

Tnfα Sirna Reduces Brain Tnf And Eeg Delta Wave Activity In Rats, Ping Taishi, Lynn Churchill, Mingxiang Wang, Daniel Kay, Christopher J. Davis, Xin Guan, Alok De, Tadanobu Yasuda, Fan Liao, James M. Krueger

Faculty Publications

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a pleiotropic cytokine with several CNS physiological and pathophysiological actions including sleep, memory, thermal and appetite regulation. Short interfering RNAs (siRNA) targeting TNFα were incubated with cortical cell cultures and microinjected into the primary somatosensory cortex (SSctx) of rats. The TNFα siRNA treatment specifically reduced TNFα mRNA by 45% in vitro without affecting interleukin-6 or gluR1-4 mRNA levels. In vivo the TNFα siRNAα reduced TNFα mRNA, interleukin-6 mRNA and gluR1 mRNA levels compared to treatment with a scrambled control siRNA. After in vivo microinjection, the density of TNFα-immunoreactive cells in layer V of the …

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How Scholarly Is Google Scholar? A Comparison Of Google Scholar To Library Databases, Jared L. Howland, Thomas C. Wright, Rebecca A. Boughan, Brian C. Roberts Jun 2008

How Scholarly Is Google Scholar? A Comparison Of Google Scholar To Library Databases, Jared L. Howland, Thomas C. Wright, Rebecca A. Boughan, Brian C. Roberts

Faculty Publications

Google Scholar (GS) was released as a beta product in November of 2004. Since then, GS has been scrutinized and questioned by many in academia and the library field. Our objectives in undertaking this study were to determine how scholarly GS is in comparison with traditional library resources and to determine if the scholarliness of materials found in GS varies across disciplines. We found that GS is, on average, 17.6% more scholarly than materials found only in library databases and that there is no statistically significant difference between the scholarliness of materials found in GS across disciplines.

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Rge Monitor, Leticia Camacho Jun 2008

Rge Monitor, Leticia Camacho

Faculty Publications

Access options include subscriptions for individuals, site licenses for organizations, and discounted prices for educational and nonprofit users. Subscribers may sign up for a daily e-mail digest on topics of their choice.

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Clicking Your Way To Library Instruction Assessment: Using A Personal Response System At Brigham Young University, Suzanne Julian, Kimball Benson May 2008

Clicking Your Way To Library Instruction Assessment: Using A Personal Response System At Brigham Young University, Suzanne Julian, Kimball Benson

Faculty Publications

An assessment of the use of a Personal Response System (clickers) during library instruction sessions. A discussion on the use of clickers as a method of assessing student learning.

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Themes And Trends Of Journal Of Family And Economic Issues: A Review Of Twenty Years (1988–2007), Jeffrey P. Dew May 2008

Themes And Trends Of Journal Of Family And Economic Issues: A Review Of Twenty Years (1988–2007), Jeffrey P. Dew

Faculty Publications

This review article examines the progress and impact of the Journal of Family and Economic Issues (JFEI) between 1988–2007. Over the past 20 years, JFEI has become a major journal publishing articles on the relationship between families and economic systems. JFEIcontributed to both the economic and family studies disciplines by publishing articles that explore the interface of these two disciplines. Between 1988 and 2007, JFEI published articles on a variety of themes not often found in other economic or family studies journals such as family resource management, consumer attitudes and behaviors, and economic issues and family relationships. Other unique …

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En-Gendering The Couple-Deity Relationship: Clinical Implications Of Power And Process, Brandt C. Gardner, Mark H. Butler, Ryan B. Seedall May 2008

En-Gendering The Couple-Deity Relationship: Clinical Implications Of Power And Process, Brandt C. Gardner, Mark H. Butler, Ryan B. Seedall

Faculty Publications

Spiritual practices are increasingly accommodated by therapists working with religious couples. While research documents potential benefits, spiritual practices such as prayer may invoke an interpretive couple-God relationship distorted by pathogenic processes in one or both spouses. A survey administered to 78 religious couples examined the influence of power/gender as it relates to couples’ harmful triangulation with Deity. Results suggest that harmful triangulation with Deity does occur to some degree in couple relationships, that there are significant differences by gender, and that spouses’ tendencies to triangulate are correlated with one another. We discuss these results from a systemic-feminist perspective, and offer …

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Dictionary Of Business Terms, Leticia Camacho May 2008

Dictionary Of Business Terms, Leticia Camacho

Faculty Publications

45-4752 HF1001 2006-36882 CIP Dictionary of business terms, by Jack P. Friedman with Suzanne S. Barnhilletal. 4th ed. Barren's, 2007. 745p ISBN 0764135341 pbk, $14.99; ISBN 9780764135347 pbk, $14.99

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Yes/No Recognition, Forced-Choice Recognition, And The Human Hippocampus, P. J. Bayley, J. T. Wixted, Ramona O. Hopkins, L. R. Squire Apr 2008

Yes/No Recognition, Forced-Choice Recognition, And The Human Hippocampus, P. J. Bayley, J. T. Wixted, Ramona O. Hopkins, L. R. Squire

Faculty Publications

Two recent studies reported that yes/no recognition can be more impaired by hippocampal lesions than forced-choice recognition when the targets and foils are highly similar. This finding has been taken in support of two fundamental proposals: (1) yes/no recognition tests depend more on recollection than do forced-choice tests; and (2) the hippocampus selectively supports the recollection process. Using the same stimulus materials as in the earlier studies, we tested five memory-impaired patients with circumscribed hippocampal lesions and 15 controls. As in the earlier studies, participants studied 12 pictures of objects and then took either a 12-item forced-choice test with four …

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Measuring The Relationship Between Organizational Transparency And Employee Trust, Brad R. Rawlins Apr 2008

Measuring The Relationship Between Organizational Transparency And Employee Trust, Brad R. Rawlins

Faculty Publications

The literature on transparency and trust suggest the two concepts are related. While this idea is logical on its face, would it hold true if measured? Using an instrument that measures both transparency and trust, analysis of employee opinion supports this notion. In particular, organizations that encourage and allow public participation, share substantial information so their publics can make informed decisions, give balanced reports that hold them accountable, and open themselves up to public scrutiny, are more likely to be trusted.

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Racial Bias In The Nba: Implications In Betting Markets, Tim Larsen, Joe Prince, Justin Wolfers Apr 2008

Racial Bias In The Nba: Implications In Betting Markets, Tim Larsen, Joe Prince, Justin Wolfers

Faculty Publications

Recent studies have documented the existence of an own-race bias on the part of sports officials. In this paper we explore the implications of these biases on betting markets. We use data from the 1991/92 - 2004/05 NBA regular seasons to show that a betting strategy exploiting own-race biases by referees would systematically beat the spread.

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Family Therapy And Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia: Pursuing Clinical And Bio/Psycho/Social Competence, Stanley D. Hall, Roy A. Bean Mar 2008

Family Therapy And Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia: Pursuing Clinical And Bio/Psycho/Social Competence, Stanley D. Hall, Roy A. Bean

Faculty Publications

Childhood-onset schizophrenia is perceived as more complicated because of its complexity, pervasive duration, and impact on individual and family functioning. Viewing the symptoms of childhood schizophrenia as creating a bio/psycho/social competence within which the therapist and family must interact may help contribute to treatment success. Competent family therapists working within this culture should be knowledgeable about the characteristics of childhood-onset schizophrenia, aware of their own biases towards psychosis, and skillful in its treatment. Guidelines are provided to help therapists identify their attitudes about schizophrenia and understand appropriate skills for treating the disorder.

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Rolling In The Dough: The Continued Surge In Individual Contributions To Presidential Candidates And Party Committees, David B. Magleby Mar 2008

Rolling In The Dough: The Continued Surge In Individual Contributions To Presidential Candidates And Party Committees, David B. Magleby

Faculty Publications

The dramatic growth in the numbers of individuals contributing to presidential candidates and the surge in total amounts being contributed has generated substantial media attention in the 2008 presidential election. Individuals are giving more, in part, because the 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) raised contribution limits and encouraged "max-out" donors to contribute to party committees as well. This study compares individual contributions to presidential candidates and party committees in 1999, the year prior to the last pre-BCRA presidential election, and in the years prior to post-BCRA presidential elections.

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Intent Attributions And Aggression: A Study Of Children And Their Parents, David A. Nelson, Carianne Mitchell, Chongming Yang Feb 2008

Intent Attributions And Aggression: A Study Of Children And Their Parents, David A. Nelson, Carianne Mitchell, Chongming Yang

Faculty Publications

This research aimed to further clarify the relationship between children’s self-reported hostile intent attributions (for ambiguous instrumental or relational provocations) and peer-reported aggression (physical and relational) in 500 fourth-grade children. In addition, we examined whether parents’ intent attributions might predict children’s intent attributions and aggression. Both parents (mothers and fathers) in 393 families completed intent attribution questionnaires. Results showed, consistent with past research, that boys’ instrumental intent attributions were related to physical aggression. Children’s relational intent attributions, however, were not associated with relational aggression. Contrary to expectations, most children responded with hostile intent attributions for relational provocations. Finally, in regard …

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The Role Of Perceived Parental Knowledge On Emerging Adults’ Risk Behaviors, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Larry J. Nelson, Stephanie D. Madsen, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry Feb 2008

The Role Of Perceived Parental Knowledge On Emerging Adults’ Risk Behaviors, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Larry J. Nelson, Stephanie D. Madsen, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to gain a clearer understanding of the relation between parents’ knowledge of their emerging-adult children and emerging adults’ risk behaviors. Participants included 200 undergraduate students between the ages of 18 and 25 (121 women, 78 men; Mage = 19.59, SD = 1.62) and both of their parents. Results revealed that knowledge of the emerging-adult child’s activities varied as a function of parent- and child-reports, and that child outcomes associated with parental knowledge were generally positive, including less drinking, drug use, and risky sexual behavior (although this varied as a function of reporter). The …

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Evaluating Your Educational Program For Students With Autism, Tina Taylor Feb 2008

Evaluating Your Educational Program For Students With Autism, Tina Taylor

Faculty Publications

How do you decide what critical educational features need to be included in your service to students with autism? In the November issue of The Utah Special Educator, Cathy Longstroth (p. 75-76) outlined several characteristics of effective educational programs for students with autism. These recommendations are based upon substantial research evidence from the professional literature. You may wonder why you should design your educational programs with research in mind, when you already know "what works" for your students. On the other hand, many students with autism are hard to figure out and you may not be sure "what works" for …

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Encyclopedia Of Business Ethics And Society, Leticia Camacho Jan 2008

Encyclopedia Of Business Ethics And Society, Leticia Camacho

Faculty Publications

Ethics has always been an important issue in business. However, due to the corporate scandals at Enron and WorldCom and the subsequent passing of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, there has been a resurgence of research interest in business ethics. This encyclopedia reflects this current research interest and emphasizes ethics in strategic management, corporate governance, and organizational culture.

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Suicidal Ideation In College Students Varies Across Semesters: The Mediating Role Of Belongingness, Scott R. Braithwaite, Kimberly Van Orden, Tracy K. Witte, Lisa M. James, Yessenia Castro, Kathryn H. Gordon, Daniel L. Hollar, Thomas E. Joiner Jr. Jan 2008

Suicidal Ideation In College Students Varies Across Semesters: The Mediating Role Of Belongingness, Scott R. Braithwaite, Kimberly Van Orden, Tracy K. Witte, Lisa M. James, Yessenia Castro, Kathryn H. Gordon, Daniel L. Hollar, Thomas E. Joiner Jr.

Faculty Publications

The interpersonal–psychological theory of suicidal behavior (Joiner, 2005)proposes that the need to belong is fundamental; when met it can prevent suicide and when thwarted it can substantially increase the risk for suicide. We investigate one source of group-wide variation in belongingness among college students—changes in the social composition of college campuses across academic semesters—as an explanation for variation in suicidal ideation across the academic year.Our results indicate that in a sample of college students at a large southern state university (n=309), suicidal ideation varied across academic semesters, with high-est levels in summer compared to both spring and fall. Differences in …

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The Women's Institute For A Secure Retirement (Wiser), Leticia Camacho Jan 2008

The Women's Institute For A Secure Retirement (Wiser), Leticia Camacho

Faculty Publications

Most of us wonder if we are saving enough for retirement. The key to easing those fears is to be informed about different saving vehicles and investment options. Companies and nonprofit organizations recognize this need and have created Websites that include tools and information to encourage individuals to save and be better prepared for retirement. This is the intent of Women’s Institute for a Secure Retirement (WISER),(www.wiser.heinz.org).The main focus of WISER is to educate women according to their unique needs: Research shows that women live longer than men and have a shorter work history, lesser pension plan coverage, and less …

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Japanese Vocabulary Acquisition By Learners In Three Contexts, Dan P. Dewey Jan 2008

Japanese Vocabulary Acquisition By Learners In Three Contexts, Dan P. Dewey

Faculty Publications

This study is an investigation of the development of vocabulary knowledge during study abroad (SA), intensive domestic immersion (IM) and academic-year formal classroom (AY) learning. Its focus was the growth of vocabulary knowledge in Japanese--a language where little SA research has been conducted to date. Unlike most studies addressing vocabulary development, it was centered strictly on vocabulary acquisition. Following the example of one of the most insightful comparative studies of vocabulary learning abroad and at home to date (Laufer & Paribakht, 1998), it included multiple measures of vocabulary knowledge to assess possible subtle differences in vocabulary acquisition between the SA, …

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Perceived Versus Used Workplace Flexibility In Singapore: Predicting Work–Family Fit, Blake L. Jones, D. Phillip Scoville, E. Jeffrey Hill, Geniel Childs, Joan M. Leishman, Kathryn S. Nally Jan 2008

Perceived Versus Used Workplace Flexibility In Singapore: Predicting Work–Family Fit, Blake L. Jones, D. Phillip Scoville, E. Jeffrey Hill, Geniel Childs, Joan M. Leishman, Kathryn S. Nally

Faculty Publications

This study examined the relationship of 2 types of workplace flexibility to work–family fit and work, personal, and marriage–family outcomes using data (N 􏰀 1,601) representative of employed persons in Singapore. We hypothesized that perceived and used workplace flexibility would be positively related to the study variables. Results derived from structural equation modeling revealed that perceived flexibility predicted work–family fit; however, used flexibility did not. Work–family fit related positively to each work, personal, and marriage–family outcome; however, workplace flexibility only predicted work and personal outcomes. Findings suggest work–family fit may be an important facilitating factor in the interface between work …

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