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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Rights, Individualism, Community: Aristotle And The Communitarian-Liberalism Debate, Jeffery Nicholas
Rights, Individualism, Community: Aristotle And The Communitarian-Liberalism Debate, Jeffery Nicholas
Jeffery Nicholas
I argue that Aristotle could not be a fore-runner to liberalism, because his view of humanity is that human beings are constituted by a community and achieve self-fulfillment only as so constituted. Thus, Aristotle endorses a unique position that defends the freedom and self-development of the individual within the parameters of a social order.
The Increasing Incidence Of Suicide: Economic Development, Individualism, And Social Integration, Gregory Scott, Joseph Ciarrochi, Frank Deane
The Increasing Incidence Of Suicide: Economic Development, Individualism, And Social Integration, Gregory Scott, Joseph Ciarrochi, Frank Deane
joseph Ciarrochi
Despite significant improvement in physical health, suicide continues to represent a significant burden in the economically advanced countries. Given that the causes of suicide are not fully known, and that suicide cannot be predicted nor prevented at the individual level, national suicide rates might best be reduced by reducing the overall number of people exposed to suicide risk factors. However, economic development promotes individualism and low social integration, both of which increase suicide risk. For example, high female labor force participation and divorce, indicative of low social integration, are associated with higher suicide rates. Similarly, there appear to be social …
Disrupting Individualism And Distributive Remedies With Intersubjectivity And Empowerment: An Approach To Justice And Discourse, John A. Powell
Disrupting Individualism And Distributive Remedies With Intersubjectivity And Empowerment: An Approach To Justice And Discourse, John A. Powell
john a. powell
No abstract provided.
Culture Matters: Individualism Vs. Collectivism In Conflict Decision-Making, Volker C. Franke, Rebecca Lefebvre
Culture Matters: Individualism Vs. Collectivism In Conflict Decision-Making, Volker C. Franke, Rebecca Lefebvre
Volker C. Franke
Does culture matter in decision-making? Existing literature largely assumes that the cognitive processes that inform decision-making are universally applicable, while only very few studies indicate that cultural norms and values shape cognitive processes. Using survey based quasi-experimental design, this research shows that subjects with higher levels of individualism tend to be more rational in their decision processing, while those with higher levels of collectivism tend to be more dependent and less likely to betray the interests of members of more central ingroups in favor of less central ingroups. Furthermore, the results indicate that in conflict settings that seem familiar, individuals …
Individualism-Collectivism And Group Creativity, Jack A. Goncalo, Barry M. Staw
Individualism-Collectivism And Group Creativity, Jack A. Goncalo, Barry M. Staw
Jack Goncalo
Current research in organizational behavior suggests that organizations should adopt collectivistic values because they promote cooperation and productivity, while individualistic values should be avoided because they incite destructive conflict and opportunism. In this paper, we highlight one possible benefit of individualistic values that has not previously been considered. Because individualistic values can encourage uniqueness, such values might be useful when creativity is a desired outcome. Although we hypothesize that individualistic groups should be more creative than collectivistic groups, we also consider an important competing hypothesis: Given that collectivistic groups are more responsive to norms, they might be more creative than …
Expressing The Self Through Greeting Card Sentiment: Working Theories Of Authentic Communication In A Commercial Form, Emily West
Emily E. West
As mass produced vehicles of sentiment, greeting cards draw attention to the use of socially constructed codes for communicating, even feeling, emotion. This paper describes the results of interviews with fifty-one greeting card consumers, focusing on what makes greeting cards ‘personal’ for them, despite their mass-produced nature. Consumers negotiate their relationships with pre-printed sentiments differently depending on whether their allegiance is stronger to an expressive individualist understanding of authenticity or a ritual perspective, and these allegiances tend to reflect cultural capital. Specifically, suspicion of pre-printed sentiments is common among people with higher cultural capital, while this is the feature of …
Rights, Individualism, Community: Aristotle And The Communitarian-Liberalism Debate, Jeffery L. Nicholas
Rights, Individualism, Community: Aristotle And The Communitarian-Liberalism Debate, Jeffery L. Nicholas
Jeffery L Nicholas
I argue that Aristotle could not be a fore-runner to liberalism, because his view of humanity is that human beings are constituted by a community and achieve self-fulfillment only as so constituted. Thus, Aristotle endorses a unique position that defends the freedom and self-development of the individual within the parameters of a social order.
Transitory Determinants Of Values And Decisions: The Utility (Or Non-Utility) Of Individualism-Collectivism In Understanding Cultural Differences, Donnel A. Briley, Robert S. Wyer
Transitory Determinants Of Values And Decisions: The Utility (Or Non-Utility) Of Individualism-Collectivism In Understanding Cultural Differences, Donnel A. Briley, Robert S. Wyer
Donnel A Briley
The determinants and effects of cultural differences in the values described by individualism-collectivism were examined in a series of four experiments. Confirmatory factor analyses of a traditional measure of this construct yielded five independent factors rather than a bipolar structure. Moreover, differences between Hong Kong Chinese and European Americans in the values defined by these factors did not consistently coincide with traditional assumptions about the collectivistic vs. individualistic orientations. Observed differences in values were often increased when situational primes were used to activate (1) concepts associated with a participant’s own culture and (2) thoughts reflecting a self-orientation (i.e., self- vs. …
Morality And The Rule Of Law, Noel Reynolds
Morality And The Rule Of Law, Noel Reynolds
Noel B Reynolds
This paper lays out the logic of a conservative view of liberty and morality based on an understanding of human nature as both social and rational on the one hand, and radically individual and self-seeking on the other. Without public virtue, a people cannot govern itself as a free people. But neither virtue nor moral truth can be legislated. The rule of law under constitutionalism is the most successful human arrangement for providing freedom and allowing moral action on the part of individuals.