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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Is It Time To Reconsider The Semivariance Again? A Note, Ladd Kochman
Is It Time To Reconsider The Semivariance Again? A Note, Ladd Kochman
Ladd Kochman
Building on the assumption that stock returns are less-than-symmetric, the semivariances (SV) are computed for 14 domestic and foreign stock indices as well as their respective arithmetic means (AM) and standard deviations (SD) and hypotheses that the correlation between SVs and AMs will be both positive and greater than the correlation between SDs and AMs.
Time Diversification: Tool, Fallacy Or Both?, Ladd Kochman, Randy Goodwin
Time Diversification: Tool, Fallacy Or Both?, Ladd Kochman, Randy Goodwin
Ladd Kochman
It seems fair to conclude that time diversification is more nearly a fallacy than a tool. Total periodic returns based on random annual outcomes expose the practice of diversifying with time not only as unproductive but as extremely risky as well. Yet, as the contrived distribution of alternating returns of 30% and -10% demonstrated, it is impossible to completely reject the idea that risk can actually decrease over time.
Portfolio Evaluation, Downside Risk And An Anomaly, Ladd Kochman
Portfolio Evaluation, Downside Risk And An Anomaly, Ladd Kochman
Ladd Kochman
Owing to the developments in portfolio theory in the 1960s, the evaluation of portfolio performance has evolved from a return-only mentality to a process that makes risk no less important than return. Earliest efforts to combine the two dimensions into a single (or composite) measure belong to Treynor (1965) and Sharpe (1966), who suggested dividing a portfolio's return in excess of the risk-free rate by the portfolio's bets and standard deviation, respectively. When Fama (1972) recommended that portfolios pay premiums that capture both market and diversification risk, he was implicitly asking whether Jensen's (1968) use of beta sufficiently measures the …
Securities Market Efficiency And The Reigning Super Bowl Champions, Ladd Kochman
Securities Market Efficiency And The Reigning Super Bowl Champions, Ladd Kochman
Ladd Kochman
The vulnerability of stock prices has long intrigued investors and researchers. Beating the market has an inescapable appeal. The overwhelming evidence that regular above average returns are denied to all but those with inside information has not slowed efforts to find market errors or tap into profitable trends. One reason for hope is that past studies have never truly resolved how long securities must be held before a particular trading strategy can be measured. Pankoff has proposed that the market for bets on National Football League games can serve as a proxy for the securities market. Examining recent studies using …
The Why And How Of Mutual Fund Standard Deviations, Ladd Kochman, Randy Goodwin
The Why And How Of Mutual Fund Standard Deviations, Ladd Kochman, Randy Goodwin
Ladd Kochman
To the interested observer, mutual fund standard deviations raise two tantalizing questions: Are standard deviations relevant when funds, by definition, eliminate the unsystematic component of total risk? and How can two respected giants in the investments field like Fidelity and Morningstar use the same returns, intervals and measurement period for the same fund and end up with glaringly different standard deviations? To answer the question of relevance, we recall Evans and Archer's (1968) argument that as much as 90 percent of a portfolio's unsystematic risk can be diversified away with 12 to 18 stocks. Since that diversifiable risk is a …