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Articles 1 - 30 of 224
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Social Support And Thriving Health: A New Approach To Understanding The Health Of Indigenous Canadians, Chantelle Richmond, Nancy Ross, Grace Egeland
Social Support And Thriving Health: A New Approach To Understanding The Health Of Indigenous Canadians, Chantelle Richmond, Nancy Ross, Grace Egeland
Chantelle Richmond
We examined the importance of social support in promoting thriving health among indigenous Canadians, a disadvantaged population. We categorized the self-reported health status of 31625 adult indigenous Canadians as thriving (excellent, very good) or nonthriving (good, fair, poor). We measured social support with indices of positive interaction, emotional support, tangible support, and affection and intimacy. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to estimate odds of reporting thriving health, using social support as the key independent variable, and we controlled for educational attainment and labor force status. Compared with women reporting low levels of social support, those reporting high levels of …
Narratives Of Social Support And Health In Aboriginal Communities, Chantelle Richmond
Narratives Of Social Support And Health In Aboriginal Communities, Chantelle Richmond
Chantelle Richmond
Societies that foster high-quality social relationships and social support seemingly produce healthier populations. Existing research identifies social support as a significant dimension and determinant of Canadian Aboriginal health, yet patterns of morbidity and mortality overwhelmingly reflect social causes (e.g., violence, suicide), thereby suggesting that social support may not be widely accessible within this population. This paper seeks to understand how broader societal factors (e.g., colonialism) work to influence access to social support in the everyday social environments of Aboriginal communities. Narrative analysis of interviews with 26 Aboriginal Community Health Representatives (CHRs) from across Canada. Sources of social support are institutional …
Social Support, Material Circumstance And Health Behaviour: Influences On Health In First Nation And Inuit Communities Of Canada, Chantelle Richmond, Nancy Ross
Social Support, Material Circumstance And Health Behaviour: Influences On Health In First Nation And Inuit Communities Of Canada, Chantelle Richmond, Nancy Ross
Chantelle Richmond
An expansive literature describes the links between social support and health. Though the bulk of this evidence emphasizes the health-enhancing effect of social support, certain aspects can have negative consequences for health (e.g., social obligations). In the Canadian context, the geographically small and socially interconnected nature of First Nation and Inuit communities provides a unique example through which to explore this relationship. Despite reportedly high levels of social support, many First Nation and Inuit communities endure broad social problems, thereby leading us to question the assumption that social support is primarily health protective. We draw from narrative analysis of interviews …
Health Disparities In Canada Today: Some Evidence And A Theoretical Framework, Katherine Frohlich, Nancy Ross, Chantelle Richmond
Health Disparities In Canada Today: Some Evidence And A Theoretical Framework, Katherine Frohlich, Nancy Ross, Chantelle Richmond
Chantelle Richmond
This paper documents contemporary evidence on patterns of health disparities in Canada and suggests theoretical mechanisms that give rise to these patterns. The overall health of Canadians, as measured by life expectancy or mortality, has improved dramatically over the past 30 years and some disparities have diminished slightly (e.g., life expectancy by income group for men), while others have increased (e.g., diabetes for Aboriginal peoples). Arguably the most egregious health disparities in Canada are those existing between Aboriginals and the rest of the Canadian population. This paper focuses specifically on three social determinants and their effects on disparities in health; …
Explaining The Paradox Of Health And Social Support Among Aboriginal Canadians, Chantelle Richmond
Explaining The Paradox Of Health And Social Support Among Aboriginal Canadians, Chantelle Richmond
Chantelle Richmond
Societies that foster high quality social environments and integration produce healthier populations. The mechanisms underlying the protective effect of social integration appear to be through various forms of social support. Despite reportedly high rates of social support within the Aboriginal population, however, current patterns of health are overrepresented by social ills such as family violence, alcoholism and suicide. This paper explores this paradox through qualitative interviews with Aboriginal Community Health Representatives (CHR's). CHR's narratives point to two key explanations for the health-support paradox: (i) social support is not a widely accessible resource; and (ii) the negative health effects of social …
Community-Based Participatory Research (Cbpr) With Indigenous Communities: Producing Respectful And Reciprocal Research, Joshua Tobias, Chantelle Richmond, Isaac Luginaah
Community-Based Participatory Research (Cbpr) With Indigenous Communities: Producing Respectful And Reciprocal Research, Joshua Tobias, Chantelle Richmond, Isaac Luginaah
Chantelle Richmond
The health disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples in Canada continue to grow despite an expanding body of research that attempts to address these inequalities, including increased attention from the field of health geography. Here, we draw upon a case study of our own community-based approach to health research with Anishinabe communities in northern Ontario as a means of advocating the growth of such participatory approaches. Using our own case as an example, we demonstrate how a collaborative approach to respectful and reciprocal research can be achieved, including some of the challenges we faced in adopting this approach.
Hepatitis B In Ghana's Upper West Region: A Hidden Disease In Need Of National Policy Attention, Paul Mkandawire, Chantelle Richmond, Jenna Dixon, Isaac Luginaah, Joshua Tobias
Hepatitis B In Ghana's Upper West Region: A Hidden Disease In Need Of National Policy Attention, Paul Mkandawire, Chantelle Richmond, Jenna Dixon, Isaac Luginaah, Joshua Tobias
Chantelle Richmond
Like many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is highly prevalent in Ghana. Using qualitative methods, this paper draws from the political ecology of health theoretical framework to examine perceptions and understandings of HBV in the Upper West Region of Ghana. The findings reveal that extremely low levels of knowledge and pervasive lay misconceptions about the disease within this geographic context are shaped by large scale structural influences. Furthermore, in this context there is essentially no access to HBV immunizations, testing or treatment services which reinforces potential routes for the spread of HBV. An explosive spread of HBV …
Formal Dementia Care Among First Nations In Southwestern Ontario, Sara Finkelstein, Dorothy Forbes, Chantelle Richmond
Formal Dementia Care Among First Nations In Southwestern Ontario, Sara Finkelstein, Dorothy Forbes, Chantelle Richmond
Chantelle Richmond
This article explores how dementia care is provided to First Nations communities in southwestern Ontario. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with health care providers and analysed using a constructivist grounded-theory methodology. Two interrelated frameworks for understanding dementia care were identified: a care delivery framework and a knowledge framework. The care delivery framework identified care goals, care elements being provided, care barriers, and strategies and solutions to deliver care and overcome barriers. The knowledge framework defined four groups of knowledge stakeholders: persons with dementia, informal care providers, formal care providers, and the First Nations community. It identified the knowledge each …
Efficacy Of A 3-Hour Aboriginal Health Teaching In The Medical Curriculum: Are We Changing Student Knowledge And Attitudes?, Alysia Zhou, Samantha Boshart, Jennifer Seelisch, Reza Eshaghian, Ryan Mcleod, Jeff Nisker, Chantelle Richmond, John Howard
Efficacy Of A 3-Hour Aboriginal Health Teaching In The Medical Curriculum: Are We Changing Student Knowledge And Attitudes?, Alysia Zhou, Samantha Boshart, Jennifer Seelisch, Reza Eshaghian, Ryan Mcleod, Jeff Nisker, Chantelle Richmond, John Howard
Chantelle Richmond
There is national recognition of the need to incorporate Aboriginal health issues within the medical school curricula. This study aims to evaluate changes in medical students’ knowledge and attitudes about Aboriginal health, and their preparedness to work in Aboriginal communities after attending a 3-hour Aboriginal health seminar. A cross-sectional survey was administered before and after the seminar for Year 1 and 2 medical students at the University of Western Ontario. The survey included four true or false questions and 24 questions using a seven-point Likert scale (1 – strongly disagree, 7 – strongly agree). Eighty two of 130 (64 per …
The Political Ecology Of Health: Perceptions Of Environment, Economy, Health And Well-Being Among 'Namgis First Nation, Chantelle Richmond, Susan Elliott, R Matthews, B Elliott
The Political Ecology Of Health: Perceptions Of Environment, Economy, Health And Well-Being Among 'Namgis First Nation, Chantelle Richmond, Susan Elliott, R Matthews, B Elliott
Chantelle Richmond
Informed by Mayer's (Progr. Hum. Geogr 20 (1996) 441) political ecology of disease framework, this paper investigates First Nation's perceptions of the links between environment, economy and health and well-being. A case study of 'Namgis First Nation (Alert Bay, British Columbia, Canada) is used to explore the risks and benefits of salmon aquaculture for British Columbia's First Nations. Analysis of interview data (n=23) indicates strong links between reduced access to environmental resources, marginal participation in the economy, and declining community health and well being. Results suggest that aquaculture development has further decreased the community's access to environmental resources, thereby restricting …
The Social Determinants Of Inuit Health: A Focus On Social Support In The Canadian Arctic, Chantelle Richmond
The Social Determinants Of Inuit Health: A Focus On Social Support In The Canadian Arctic, Chantelle Richmond
Chantelle Richmond
Objectives. Societies that foster socially supportive networks produce healthier populations. Social support is a significant determinant of health among Canada’s Inuit population; however, little is known about the characteristics that provide access to social support among Inuit. This exploratory analysis describes how 4 types of social support (namely, positive social interaction, emotional support, tangible support and affection and intimacy) differ in relation to various determinants of health. Study design. Micro-data from the Arctic Supplement of the 2001 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (n=26,290) was used. Methods. Cross-tabulations and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine levels (high/low) of the 4 types …
The Determinants Of First Nation And Inuit Health: A Critical Population Health Approach, Chantelle Richmond, Nancy Ross
The Determinants Of First Nation And Inuit Health: A Critical Population Health Approach, Chantelle Richmond, Nancy Ross
Chantelle Richmond
Environmental dispossession disproportionately affects the health of Canada's Aboriginal population, yet little is known about how its effects are sustained over time. We use a critical population health approach to explore the determinants of health in rural and remote First Nation and Inuit communities, and to conceptualize the pathways by which environmental dispossession affects these health determinants. We draw from narrative analysis of interviews with 26 Community Health Representatives (CHRs) from First Nation and Inuit communities across Canada. CHRs identified six health determinants: balance, life control, education, material resources, social resources, and environmental/cultural connections. CHRs articulated the role of the …
Burma: A Land Of Contrasts, David Butgereit
Burma: A Land Of Contrasts, David Butgereit
David M. Butgereit, M.S.N.
No abstract provided.
Spatial Hyperdynamism In A Post-Disturbance Simulated Forest, Qian Wang, George Malanson
Spatial Hyperdynamism In A Post-Disturbance Simulated Forest, Qian Wang, George Malanson
George P Malanson
Spatial hyperdynamism in a post-disturbance simulated forest is studied. When the cutting rate is high and if the cutting pattern is scattered or involving a larger area, the two landscape metrics have much greater variance after cutting. After cutting the potential interaction between different species is more dynamic than that before the cutting, which can be detected from the variation of the proximity measure. These dynamics are primarily driven by the appearance and disappearance of single cell patches as colonizers temporarily occupy cells vacated by the deaths of better competitors. Boundary cells are most likely to be dynamic because their …
Structural Equation Modeling Of Dynamics Of Nitrate Contamination In Groundwater, Zhi-Jun Liu, George R. Hallberg, George P. Malanson
Structural Equation Modeling Of Dynamics Of Nitrate Contamination In Groundwater, Zhi-Jun Liu, George R. Hallberg, George P. Malanson
George P Malanson
Most research on the temporal aspect of nitrate pollution in water resources has focused on surface water. Comprehensive studies on the dynamics of nitrate in ground water are lacking, especially on a drainage basin scale and for relatively long periods of time. In this study, structural equation modeling is applied in investigating the influences of climate, hydrology, and nitrogen management in agricultural production on nitrate concentration in the Big Spring Basin, Iowa, over a 10-year period. The study shows that for given hydrogeological settings, nitrogen management practices and climate are the two most important factors that affect nitrate dynamics. The …
Post-Fire Succession In Californian Coastal Sage Scrub: The Role Of Continual Basal Sprouting., George P. Malanson, W. E. Westman
Post-Fire Succession In Californian Coastal Sage Scrub: The Role Of Continual Basal Sprouting., George P. Malanson, W. E. Westman
George P Malanson
Dominant shrub species of coastal sage scrub in coastal southern Cali- fornia are able to produce shoots from their base on a continual basis in the absence of fire or other major defoliation. As a result, each shrub becomes a population of mixed-aged branches (ramets) and extends its duration in the canopy beyond the age of any of its above-ground phytomass, reduces the incidence of senescence, and per- mits an individual (genet) to survive during long fire-free intervals. A computer sim- ulation of succession in coastal sage scrub under differing fire intervals shows that continual basal sprouting may be significant …
Comment On Modeling Ecological Response To Climatic Change, George Malanson
Comment On Modeling Ecological Response To Climatic Change, George Malanson
George P Malanson
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Terrain On Excessive Travel Distance By Snow Avalanches, George P. Malanson
Effects Of Terrain On Excessive Travel Distance By Snow Avalanches, George P. Malanson
George P Malanson
No abstract provided.
Canadian Landform Examples; 27, Beaver Landforms, David Butler, George Malanson
Canadian Landform Examples; 27, Beaver Landforms, David Butler, George Malanson
George P Malanson
No abstract provided.
Ecological Processes And Spatial Patterns Before, During And After Simulated Deforestation, George Malanson, Qian Wang, John Kupfer
Ecological Processes And Spatial Patterns Before, During And After Simulated Deforestation, George Malanson, Qian Wang, John Kupfer
George P Malanson
Ecological processes and spatial patterns, before, during and after simulated deforestation are examined. A competition-colonization simulation, in which the primary trade offs are represented in a spatially explicit model, is used to explore the consequences of additional aspects of landscape dynamics following deforestation for plant diversity and community structure. Deforestation changes the spatial pattern of the landscape, and species respond differently because of their different dispersal abilities. The basic lessons of competition-colonization models for deforestation stand, but the ensured extinction implied by the extinction debt concept is further ameliorated as more realistic pattern-process relations are theorized.
Geomorphological Limits To Self-Organization Of Alpine Forest-Tundra Ecotone Vegetation, Yu Zeng, George Malanson, David Butler
Geomorphological Limits To Self-Organization Of Alpine Forest-Tundra Ecotone Vegetation, Yu Zeng, George Malanson, David Butler
George P Malanson
Feedback in the establishment of vegetation has been shown to produce spatial patterns that differ from the geomorphological basis for resources. The dynamics of these spatial patterns have been characterized as self-organization because local processes produce them at landscape scales. Geomorphic patterns could, however, enhance or disrupt the processes that lead to patterns and the interpretation of self-organization. A simulation model that showed such indication of self-organization at alpine forest-tundra ecotones is modified to incorporate a geomorphic feature commonly seen in this environment - solifluction steps - as an exogenous condition in the model. Analyses linking spatial patterns and rates …
Nearest Neighbor Analysis Of Miniature Polygonal Patterned Ground, Eastern Glacier National Park, Montana, David Butler, George Malanson, Thomas Wilbanks
Nearest Neighbor Analysis Of Miniature Polygonal Patterned Ground, Eastern Glacier National Park, Montana, David Butler, George Malanson, Thomas Wilbanks
George P Malanson
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Dispersal, Population Delays, And Forest Fragmentation On Tree Migration Rates, George Malanson, David Cairns
Effects Of Dispersal, Population Delays, And Forest Fragmentation On Tree Migration Rates, George Malanson, David Cairns
George P Malanson
Examining the relation between the dispersal of seeds across landscapes and the migration of species can inform studies of processes such as invasions and response to climatic change. In this research a spatially explicit model is used to analyze the effects of dispersal probability, limits on establishment, generation time, seed crop probability, and varying proportions and patterns of landscape fragmentation on migration rate. Comparisons are made with rates inferred for migrations based on isopols of species range changes in the Holocene (20–200 km/century). The effects of the parameters on migration rate in the model are additive. Dispersal probability, related to …
Turf-Banked Terrace Treads And Risers, Turf Exfoliation And Possible Relationships With Advancing Treeline, David Butler, George Malanson, Lynn Resler
Turf-Banked Terrace Treads And Risers, Turf Exfoliation And Possible Relationships With Advancing Treeline, David Butler, George Malanson, Lynn Resler
George P Malanson
Fine-scale geomorphic/pedogenic processes at alpine treeline may facilitate the initial stages of conifer invasion of alpine tundra. Turf-banked terraces and turf exfoliation associated with solifluction may provide both the topographic protection and the seedbed necessary for conifer establishment above treeline. The morphometry, stoniness and surface penetrability of turf-banked terraces were recorded. Whereas differences among sites exist due to topographic constraints, differences in soil penetrability depend on turf exfoliation. Exfoliated turf risers are significantly more penetrable than non-exfoliated solifluction risers and adjacent treads. These penetrable microsites provide favorable conditions for seed germination. The process of turf exfoliation may play a role …
Fire History And Patterns Of Venturan Subassociations Of Californian Coastal Sage Scrub, George Malanson
Fire History And Patterns Of Venturan Subassociations Of Californian Coastal Sage Scrub, George Malanson
George P Malanson
Californian coastal sage scrub has floristically distinct subassociations with sharp boundaries in the Santa Monica Mountains. This mesoscale biogeographic pattern has been variously attributed to the timing and pattern of fire and to differences in the moisture availability on sites. An examination of the actual fire history of sites reveals that recent fire events are unlikely to have caused the observed patterns. Sites with similar fire histories are not as similar in vegetation as sites with different fire histories but similar aspect. Single short fire intervals do not result in dissimilar communities; fires are unlikely to recur with the same …
Effects Of Feedbacks And Seed Rain On Ecotone Patterns, George Malanson
Effects Of Feedbacks And Seed Rain On Ecotone Patterns, George Malanson
George P Malanson
Ecotones can be abrupt changes in vegetation on gradual abiotic gradients, such as some treelines, and so have been considered as potential indicators of response to climatic change and regulators of fluxes across landscapes. Factors of positive feedback for growth and establishment and seed rain from source areas have been suggested as playing a role in such patterns and dynamics. The effects of variation in feedback strength and seed rain on the abrupt pattern have not, however, been assessed. A spatially explicit computer simulation is used to represent an ecotone as might occur at a mountain treeline. The steepness of …
Geomorphic And Biogeographic Setting Of The Rocky Mountains; Rocky Mountain Futures; An Ecological Perspective, David Cairns, David Butler, George Malanson
Geomorphic And Biogeographic Setting Of The Rocky Mountains; Rocky Mountain Futures; An Ecological Perspective, David Cairns, David Butler, George Malanson
George P Malanson
No abstract provided.
Topographic Shelter And Conifer Establishment And Mortality In An Alpine Environment, Glacier National Park, Montana, Lynn Resler, David Butler, George Malanson
Topographic Shelter And Conifer Establishment And Mortality In An Alpine Environment, Glacier National Park, Montana, Lynn Resler, David Butler, George Malanson
George P Malanson
No abstract provided.
Linear Forest Patterns In Subalpine Environments, Matthew Bekker, George Malanson
Linear Forest Patterns In Subalpine Environments, Matthew Bekker, George Malanson
George P Malanson
Studies of feedback between ecological pattern and process can benefit from the analysis of visually striking patterns, as they may reveal underlying processes and clarify the relative role of exogenous versus endogenous factors in driving vegetation change. Roughly linear forest patches are common in subalpine environments, including `hedges', `ribbon forest', and `Shimagare' or `wave regenerated forests' (waves). The influence of wind is common among these patterns, but the role of positive feedback, the most important component of self-organization in biological systems, varies. Hedges are orientated parallel to prevailing winds in several mid-latitude mountain ranges worldwide. Desiccation and ice-particle abrasion kills …
Geomorphic Patterns And Processes At Alpine Tree Line, David Butler, George Malanson, Lynn Resler, Stephen Walsh
Geomorphic Patterns And Processes At Alpine Tree Line, David Butler, George Malanson, Lynn Resler, Stephen Walsh
George P Malanson
No abstract provided.