Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Together...We Compete... (In Greek), Triantafillia Giotopoulou, Andreas Drichoutis, Vassilis Karalis, Lykouropoulou Eirini

Andreas Drichoutis

No abstract provided.

How Costly Is It For Poor Farmers To Lift Themselves Out Of Subsistence, Laure C. Dutoit, Olivier Cadot, Marcelo Olarreaga

Olivier Cadot

The main objective of this paper is to provide estimates of the cost of moving out of subsistence for Madagascar's farmers. The analysis is based on a simple asset-return model of occupational choice. Estimates suggest that the entry (sunk) cost associated with moving out of subsistence can be quite large---somewhere between 124 and 153 percent of a subsistence farmer's annual production. Our results make it possible to identify farm characteristics likely to generate large gains if moved out of subsistence, yielding useful information for the targeting of trade-adjustment assistance programs.

Heat And Mass Transfer During Baking : Product Quality Aspects, H Hadiyanto Et Al

Hadiyanto

Most food product qualities are developed during heating processes. Therefore the internal heating and mass transfer of water are important aspects in food processing. Heating of food products is mostly induced by convection heating. However, the number applications of convective heating in combination with microwave heating are growing. Convection heating only promotes heating on the surface while microwave induce internal heating. This paper focuses on effect of convection heating sources to changes of quality properties in bakery products such as brownness and texture. Heat convection and conduction, and moisture migration due to diffusion and convection are the key to changes …

The Cotton And Sugar Subsidies Decisions: Wto’S Dispute Settlement System Rebalances The Agreement On Agriculture, Stephen J. Powell, Andrew Schmitz

Stephen Joseph Powell

Acting on a complaint by Brazil, a WTO dispute settlement panel ruled September 8, 2004, that a variety of support programs for upland cotton exceeded reduction commitments made by the United States when it signed the 1995 WTO Agriculture Agreement and were thus not immune from challenge under the WTO Subsidies Agreement, with which the Panel then found these programs inconsistent.

The Panel's conclusions, if upheld by the WTO's Appellate Body, will have significant impact on agricultural policies for specialty and program crops of the United States, Europe, and Japan. This paper analyzes the decision, notable as the first to …

Food Consumption Issues In The 21st Century, Andreas Drichoutis, Panagiotis Lazaridis

Andreas Drichoutis

No abstract provided.

The Prudent Village: Risk Pooling Institutions In Medieval English Agriculture, Gary Richardson

Gary Richardson

The prudent peasant mitigated the risk of crop failures by scattering his arable land throughout his village, Deirdre McCloskey argued, because alternative risksharing institutions did not exist. But, alternatives did exist, this essay concludes. Medieval English peasants formed two types of farmers’ cooperatives. Fraternities protected members from the perils of everyday life. Customary poor laws redistributed resources towards villagers beset by bad luck. In both institutions, the expectation of reciprocation motivated farmers with surpluses to aid neighbors with shortages.

The Economics Of Nutritional Label Use: A Theoretical Perspective, Andreas Drichoutis, Panagiotis Lazaridis, Rodolfo M. Nayga, Jr.

Andreas Drichoutis

No abstract provided.

The Economics Of Nutritional Label Use: A Theoretical Perspective, Andreas C. Drichoutis, Panagiotis Lazaridis, Rodolfo M. Nayga, Jr.

Andreas Drichoutis

In this paper we develop a theoretical model about nutritional food label use. The model is based on the model of demand for health developed by Grossman (1972a, 1972b). In our model, consumers use as inputs on their gross investment function their diet along with time inputs to influence their level of health. The comparative statics analysis of our model shows among others a healthier eating behaviour for older people. The model also predicts that a shift in the efficiency of the consumers in deriving information from nutritional labels can increase or decrease label use time. The consumption of healthy …

'Wild Capitalism’ And ‘Ecocolonialism’: A Tale Of Two Rivers, Krista Harper

Krista M. Harper

The development and pollution of two rivers, the Danube and Tisza, have been the site and subject of environmental protests and projects in Hungary since the late 1980s. Protests against the damming of the Danube rallied opposition to the state socialist government, drawing on discourses of national sovereignty and international environmentalism. The Tisza suffered a major environmental disaster in 2000, when a globally financed gold mine in Romania spilled thousands of tons of cyanide and other heavy metals into the river, sending a plume of pollution downriver into neighboring countries. In this article, I examine the symbolic ecologies that emerged …

Conservation And Development Interventions At The Wildlife-Livestock Interface, Steven A. Osofsky, Sarah Cleaveland, William B. Karesh, Michael D. Kock, Philip J. Nyhus, Lisa Starr, Angela Yang

Philip J. Nyhus

No abstract provided.

Linkage Between Gdp And Emissions: A Global Perspective On Environment Kuznets Curve, Kathy K. Dhanda, Bahram Adrangi, Arjun Chatrath

Kathy K Dhanda

No abstract provided.

Specialization And Non-Renewable Resources: Ricardo Meets Ricardo, Ujjayant N. Chakravorty, Darrell Krulce, James Roumasset

Ujjayant Chakravorty

The one-demand Hotelling model fails to explain the observed specialization of nonrenewable resources. We develop a model with multiple demands and resources to show that specialization of resources according to demand is driven by Ricardian comparative advantage while the order of resource use over time is determined by Ricardian absolute advantage. An abundant resource with absolute advantage in all demands must be initially employed in all demands. When each resource has an absolute advantage in some demand, no resource may be used exclusively. The two-by-two model is characterized. Resource and demand-specific taxes are shown to have significant substitution effects.

Methodological Reflections On The Short-Run Johansen Industry Model In Relation To Capacity Management, Kristriaan Kerstens, Dale Squires, Niels Vestergaard

Niels Vestergaard

The specification of a convex production technology is a potential issue in estimating firm-level Johansen plant capacity utilisation rates and their subsequent use in the short-run Johansen industry capacity model of the fishery. There are different plant capacity utilisation estimates with convex and nonconvex technologies. When entered as parameters in the short-run Johansen industry model, this leads to different distributions in the activity vectors. With non-convex technology, more vessels remain active in the fleet, and there is no longer an overestimation of the number of decommissioned vessels compared to the use of a convex technology. A second methodological reflection involves …

Fishing Capacity In Europe: Special Issue Introduction, Niels Vestergaard

Niels Vestergaard

No abstract provided.

Sunk Cost And Entry-Exit Decisions Under Individual Transferable Quotas: Why Industry Restructuring Is Delayed, Niels Vestergaard, Frank Jensen, Henning P. Jørgensen

Niels Vestergaard

The paper shows that explicit modelling of sunk cost and a firm's entry-exit decision in a traditional deterministic investment model may give an explanation of the slow transition to the optimal fleet structure following the introduction of individual transferable quotas (ITQs). The analysis shows that the annual lease unit price of quota may be in a range where the long-run fieet structure will not be attainable at once. Over time, firms with zero gross investment as optimal behavior may leave the industry as the capital decays and over the transition period the optimal fieet structure prevails.