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- Culture (7)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 47
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Cultural Perspectives On The Interactions Between Nutrition, Health, And Psychological Functioning, Frances E. Aboud
Cultural Perspectives On The Interactions Between Nutrition, Health, And Psychological Functioning, Frances E. Aboud
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
Food and nutrition occupy the daily thoughts of most people, particularly the 178 million children who are malnourished and have been since their first birthday. While malnutrition is directly and indirectly responsible for one-third of child deaths in developing countries, overweight has been declared the number one health problem in other countries. More food is therefore not necessarily better when talking about health. This reading presents information on the major nutrients important for health and psychological functioning, including energy, protein, vitamin A, zinc, iron, and iodine. It also discusses how cultures differ in their food preferences and their beliefs about …
Asian American Mental Health: What We Know And What We Don't Know, Joyce P. Chu, Stanley Sue
Asian American Mental Health: What We Know And What We Don't Know, Joyce P. Chu, Stanley Sue
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
This chapter reviews and critically examines issues regarding the mental health of Asians in the United States. As a distinct ethnic group in the United States, Asian Americans have experienced value conflicts between their own ethnic culture and that of mainstream Americans, as well as instances of racial prejudice and discrimination. Given these experiences, it is important to examine the mental health status of Asian Americans. Several consistent research findings have emerged. First, few Asian Americans utilize the mental health system. Second, those who do use services are highly disturbed in terms of psychiatric disorders. Third, cultural factors appear to …
Creativity In The Brazilian Culture, Denise S. Fleith
Creativity In The Brazilian Culture, Denise S. Fleith
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
Research has pointed out creativity as a sociocultural and contextually embedded phenomenon. As a consequence, the effect of cultural factors on the manifestation of creativity has been discussed worldwide. The purpose of this chapter is, therefore, to analyze the development of creativity in the Brazilian culture. A brief description of the Brazilian culture is provided. Models of creativity developed by Brazilian researchers, as well as a review of creativity studies conducted in the educational environment, are presented. Guidelines for future cross-cultural studies on creativity are also suggested.
Cultural Psychology And Cross-Cultural Psychology: The Case Of Chinese Psychology, Carl Ratner
Cultural Psychology And Cross-Cultural Psychology: The Case Of Chinese Psychology, Carl Ratner
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
No abstract provided.
Language And Culture, Chi-Yue Chiu
Language And Culture, Chi-Yue Chiu
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
Language pervades social life. It is a primary means by which we gain access to the contents of others' minds and establish shared understanding of the reality. Meanwhile, there is an enormous amount of linguistic diversity among human populations. Depending on what counts as a language, there are 3,000 to 10,000 living languages in the world, although a quarter of the world’s languages have fewer than 1,000 speakers and half have fewer than 10,000 (Crystal, 1997). Not surprisingly, a key question in culture and psychology research concerns the role of language in cultural processes. The present chapter focuses on two …
The Ibadan Conference And Beyond, Harry C. Triandis
The Ibadan Conference And Beyond, Harry C. Triandis
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
No abstract provided.
The Directories Of Cross-Cultural Psychology (1968-1970): Building A Network, John W. Berry
The Directories Of Cross-Cultural Psychology (1968-1970): Building A Network, John W. Berry
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
No abstract provided.
The 1971 Istanbul Conference: First Face-To-Face Meeting Of Many Cross-Cultural Psychologists, Pieter J. D. Drenth
The 1971 Istanbul Conference: First Face-To-Face Meeting Of Many Cross-Cultural Psychologists, Pieter J. D. Drenth
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
No abstract provided.
Out Of The Lab And Into The World: How One Psychologist Became Cross-Cultural, Marshall H. Segall
Out Of The Lab And Into The World: How One Psychologist Became Cross-Cultural, Marshall H. Segall
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
No abstract provided.
The Climate For And Status Of Cross-Cultural Psychology In The 1960s, Gustav Jahoda
The Climate For And Status Of Cross-Cultural Psychology In The 1960s, Gustav Jahoda
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
No abstract provided.
Catalogue Of Acculturation Constructs: Descriptions Of 126 Taxonomies, 1918-2003, Floyd W. Rudmin
Catalogue Of Acculturation Constructs: Descriptions Of 126 Taxonomies, 1918-2003, Floyd W. Rudmin
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
Acculturation refers to the processes by which individuals, families, communities, and societies react to inter-cultural contact. Advances in communication and transportation technologies, and increasing migration pressures due to demographic, economic, environmental, human rights, and security disparities, make acculturation one of the most important topics for applied research in cross-cultural psychology. However, progress in acculturation research has been frustrated by our inabilities to pit theories against each other in meaningful ways, to summarize results by meta-analytic methods, or to improve constructs and scales all because we have been unaware of the interdisciplinary breadth of acculturation research and its historical depth. This …
Cross-Cultural Meta-Analyses, Dianne A. Van Hemert
Cross-Cultural Meta-Analyses, Dianne A. Van Hemert
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
In the enormous collection of cross-cultural data that have been published during the last few decades it is difficult to perceive patterns. There is a clear need for systematizing the vast amount of cross-cultural studies and for developing models that explain cross-cultural differences in psychology. Two methods of cross-cultural meta-analysis can be distinguished. First, the instrument-based method of comparing data for one instrument across countries is suitable for instruments which have been administered in many countries. Second, a domain-based meta-analysis used a thematic domain from which culture-comparative studies are sampled instead of one specific instrument or method.
Emotion Representation And Perception Across Cultures, Jeanette Altarriba, Dana M. Basnight, Tina M. Canary
Emotion Representation And Perception Across Cultures, Jeanette Altarriba, Dana M. Basnight, Tina M. Canary
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
Are emotion words or emotion categories universal, or are particular emotions and emotion categories specific to certain cultures? The current review explores the answer to this question by summarizing the limited number of studies that have addressed this issue. The representation of emotion is discussed with regards to verbal and nonverbal (facial) processing, in turn. The evidence indicates that the answer is often conflicting and that issues such as methodological, linguistic, social and cultural variance have contributed to the often contradictory findings.
Family: Variations And Changes Across Cultures, James Georgas
Family: Variations And Changes Across Cultures, James Georgas
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
In order to study psychological phenomena cross-culturally, it is necessary to understand the different types of family in cultures throughout the world and also how family types are related to cultural features of societies. This article discusses: The definitions and the structure and functions of family; the different family types and relationships with kin; the ecocultural determinants of variations of family types, e.g, ecological features, means of subsistence, political and legal system, education and religion; changes in family in different cultures; the influence of modernization and globalization on family change throughout the world.
Culture Shock Due To Contact With Unfamiliar Cultures, Stephen Bochner
Culture Shock Due To Contact With Unfamiliar Cultures, Stephen Bochner
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
The topic of this chapter is the social psychology of cross-cultural interaction. We discuss the psychological processes that take place during and after meetings between individuals and groups who differ in their cultural backgrounds. We identify two types of cross-cultural contact: a) meetings that occur between two societies when individuals travel from their place of origin to another country for a specific purpose and a limited amount of time, such people being called sojourners in the literature; and b) meetings within multi-cultural societies among its ethnically diverse permanent residents. Contact with culturally unfamiliar people and places can be unsettling, and …
Culture And Counseling, Clemmont E. Vontress
Culture And Counseling, Clemmont E. Vontress
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
Culture is a group's way of life. It is visible and invisible, cognitive and affective, conscious and unconscious, and much more. There are at least five sources of it. They are the universal, ecological, national, regional, and racio-ethnic tributaries. Interactively, they shape and influence all human behavior, including counseling. In this chapter, the ways culture as a whole impacts the counseling relationship, diagnosis, treatment plan, follow-up, and payment is discussed.
Measuring Personality And Values Across Cultures: Imported Versus Indigenous Measures, Fanny M. Cheung, Shu Fai Cheung
Measuring Personality And Values Across Cultures: Imported Versus Indigenous Measures, Fanny M. Cheung, Shu Fai Cheung
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
Cross-cultural studies of personality have shown cultural similarities and differences in the manifestation of personality traits. In interpreting cultural differences in personality traits, we should consider not only the experiences of people in different cultures, but also the measures adopted and the cultural orientations of researchers themselves. In this chapter, we discuss the considerations in adapting an instrument from one culture to another culture. We illustrate the alternative approach of developing an indigenous personality measure in the Chinese culture.
The Nature And Scope Of Intra-Cultural Variation On Psychological Dimensions, Anu Realo, Jüri Allik
The Nature And Scope Of Intra-Cultural Variation On Psychological Dimensions, Anu Realo, Jüri Allik
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
Much of the research in cross-cultural psychology is done using countries (national cultures) as main units of comparison, disregarding other important characteristics of the participants such as their ethnicity, language, religious or territorial affiliation. Thus, despite the fact that there exist clearly distinguishable sub-cultures within many countries or national cultures, they are often regarded as uniform and homogenous entities in cross-cultural research. In many cases, as we will argue in this paper, such approach is rather justifiable. In doing so, however, one should always be aware of large intra-cultural diversity which can be found in many countries all around the …
Are Sexual Promiscuity And Relationship Infidelity Linked To Different Personality Traits Across Cultures? Findings From The International Sexuality Description Project, David P. Schmitt
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
Over 17,000 participants responded to self-report measures of sexuality and personality as part of the International Sexuality Description Project. It was expected that romantic relationship infidelity would be associated with the personality traits of disagreeableness and a lack of conscientiousness across most cultures. Sexual promiscuity, on the other hand, was expected to relate to extraversion across most cultures. Analyses across 58 cultures from 52 nations revealed that romantic relationship infidelity was significantly associated with disagreeableness and low levels of conscientiousness across most cultures. Sexual promiscuity was related to extraversion across many, but not most, cultural regions. The expected pattern of …
Odysseus Wandered For 10, I Wondered For 50 Years, Harry C. Triandis
Odysseus Wandered For 10, I Wondered For 50 Years, Harry C. Triandis
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
No abstract provided.
Studying Personality Traits Across Cultures: Philippine Examples, A. Timothy Church, Marcia S. Katigbak
Studying Personality Traits Across Cultures: Philippine Examples, A. Timothy Church, Marcia S. Katigbak
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
Trait perspectives are dominant in the study of personality cross-culturally. We review the questions addressed by researchers who study personality traits across cultures, including, among others, whether traits are used in all cultures to understand persons and their behavior, the universality versus culture-specificity of traits, the validity of imported and indigenous measures of personality traits, and the meaningfulness of trait comparisons across cultures. We then summarize evidence relevant to these questions in one collectivistic culture, the Philippines. Overall, personality research in the Philippines supports the applicability of traits and trait theory as a basis for understanding persons and their behavior …
Leadership And Teamwork In Developing Countries: Challenges And Opportunities, Zeynep Aycan
Leadership And Teamwork In Developing Countries: Challenges And Opportunities, Zeynep Aycan
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
Leadership and teamwork are the key factors contributing to organizational effectiveness if their attributes fit to the socio-cultural context. In this reading, the leadership and teamwork process are described in Developing countries (DCs). Developing countries, which comprise of 80 % of the world's population, are diverse in many ways. However, there are some common socio-economic, institutional, and political characteristics as well as shared cultural attributes. The first section addresses the difficulty of finding a definition of developing countries and lays out some common features. Next comes the presentation of six key socio-cultural characteristics that have implications for leadership and teamwork. …
Acculturation, Ethnic Identity, And Coping, Ute Schönpflug
Acculturation, Ethnic Identity, And Coping, Ute Schönpflug
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
Ethnic identity is understood as a dynamic state, that is determined by three components: (1) by the degree of inclusion in the group of one's cultural origin; (2) the tendency to assimilate to the ethnic group of origin; and (3) the complementary tendency to differentiate from one's own ethnic group. In the same degree as the inclusion intensifies, the tendency to assimilate decreases and the tendency to differentiate increases and vice versa. A state of balance of the two complementary tendencies to assimilate and to differentiate is assumed to exist at an intermediate degree of inclusion (Brewer, 1992). The model …
What Questions Arise When Studying Cultural Universals In Depression? Lessons From Abnormal Psychology Textbooks, Junko Tanaka-Matsumi, Robert Chang
What Questions Arise When Studying Cultural Universals In Depression? Lessons From Abnormal Psychology Textbooks, Junko Tanaka-Matsumi, Robert Chang
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
We examined 70 abnormal psychology textbooks published from 1920s to the present to identify consistent cross-cultural themes with regard to human depressive experiences over time and across regions of the world. The cultural and cross-cultural literature on abnormality and depression, in particular, has contributed to widening the scope of abnormal psychology textbooks over time. However, the texts are almost entirely dependent on Western diagnostic categories, particularly with regard to definitions of depression. Within the Western classification framework, authors of abnormal psychology textbooks have increasingly recognized the role of culture in depressive experiences and their communication. On the basis of our …
Cross-, Intra-, And Just Plain Cultural, Douglass R. Price-Williams
Cross-, Intra-, And Just Plain Cultural, Douglass R. Price-Williams
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
No abstract provided.
Reflections Of A "Pre-Nominal" Cross-Cultural Psychologist, Gustav Jahoda
Reflections Of A "Pre-Nominal" Cross-Cultural Psychologist, Gustav Jahoda
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
No abstract provided.
Automobiles, Individualism-Collectivism, And Psychic Systems: An Essay On The Functional Perspective In Cross-Cultural Psychology, Stefan Strohschneider
Automobiles, Individualism-Collectivism, And Psychic Systems: An Essay On The Functional Perspective In Cross-Cultural Psychology, Stefan Strohschneider
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
This chapter identifies the mainstream approach in (cross-cultural) psychology as "variables psychology" and contrasts it with two versions of functionalist thinking. Functionalist approaches are concerned with the purpose of cultural differences and with the psychological mechanisms that produce them. Whereas questions of purpose are frequently debated in cross-cultural psychology, the problem of the basic psychological mechanisms is not. This reading demonstrates how this problem might be tackled by explaining empirical differences between individualists and collectivists through the concepts and mechanisms of a general model of action regulation. The consequences of this approach for the development of cross-cultural psychology are briefly …
A Model Of Family Change In Cultural Context, Cigdem Kagitcibasi
A Model Of Family Change In Cultural Context, Cigdem Kagitcibasi
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
This reading is about the psychological study of the family with a cross-cultural comparative orientation. It attempts to provide answers to some basic questions regarding the family in context - whether there are systematic global changes in the family, what might be some of the important factors that characterize family and family change, and how they function. A model of family change is proposed to address these questions and to shed light on the variations in family patterns in different socio-cultural-economic contexts. These patterns also help understand the development of the self in family and society. It is proposed that …
Environmental Attitudes And Behaviors Across Cultures, P. Wesley Schultz
Environmental Attitudes And Behaviors Across Cultures, P. Wesley Schultz
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
One of the fundamental aspects of culture is the relationship it prescribes between individuals and environment. Am I part of the natural environment, or am I separate and perhaps superior to nature? The answer to this question influences the types of attitudes that individuals within a given culture are likely to develop, the types of environmental behaviors that individuals are likely to adopt, and more generally, beliefs about how to solve environmental problems. This chapter examines differences in attitudes about environmental issues across cultures. We distinguish between egoistic environmental attitudes, and biospheric environmental attitudes, and summarize recent cross-cultural research on …
Subjective Well-Being Across Cultures, Eunkook M. Suh, Shigehiro Oishi
Subjective Well-Being Across Cultures, Eunkook M. Suh, Shigehiro Oishi
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture
All individuals strive to be happy. How they pursue this ultimate human goal, however, seems to vary in interesting ways across cultures. Three key findings have emerged from recent scientific research: 1) individualist cultures are happier than collectivists, 2) psychological attributes characterizing the self (e.g., self-esteem, self-consistency) are more relevant to the happiness of Western individualists than to the happiness of collectivists, and 3) the self-judgment of happiness is anchored on different types of cues and experiences across cultures.