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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Sexual assault (4)
- Sexual offenses (4)
- Rape (3)
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- Guantanamo Bay (2)
- Torture (2)
- Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act (1)
- Campus rape (1)
- Child sexual assault (1)
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- Chivalry hypothesis (1)
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- Enticement (1)
- Ethics (1)
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- Filicide (1)
- Hallucinogens (1)
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- Juvenile offenders (1)
- Marijuana usage (1)
Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Van Oster V. Kansas And The Unconstitutionality Of Civil Forfeiture, Thomas Senst
Van Oster V. Kansas And The Unconstitutionality Of Civil Forfeiture, Thomas Senst
Undergraduate Review
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the contradictory nature of civil forfeiture through a case analysis of Van Oster v. Kansas and compare the precedent established in this case to current civil forfeiture laws. This case has not received the proper attention that it deserves in civil forfeiture scholarly literature. Van Oster represents a case in which the Supreme Court upheld civil forfeiture, yet the internal logic of their justification suggests that civil forfeiture is unconstitutional. Additionally, this paper will conceptualize judicial dictions and opinions delivered by Justice Brandeis and Justice Holmes, who both served on the Supreme …
The Online Sex Sting, Michael Cryan
The Online Sex Sting, Michael Cryan
Undergraduate Review
The Youth Internet Safety Surveys are indicative of a small subset of minors who have had contact with sexual offenders in person. Internet sex stings serve to target these adults through the use of police deception, but their use has been on the decline. Sexual offenders are a heterogeneous group; laws often mistakenly lump these various members together. This paper discusses different sources that can take responsible action to prevent online predators from reaching minors and the issue of vigilantism against offenders. Our current laws on sexual predators do not reflect the deeper, more prevalent issue of acquaintance rape.
Victim Worthiness: The Effect Of Media Coverage On The Portrayal Of Homicide Victims, Danielle Christenson
Victim Worthiness: The Effect Of Media Coverage On The Portrayal Of Homicide Victims, Danielle Christenson
Undergraduate Review
In the last thirty years with the growth of 24-hour news channels, Internet only news sites and the decline of the newspaper, there have been tremendous changes in how the media covers crimes. Whether it is a catastrophic terrorist attack, school shooting or a low-profile homicide, violent crime is a staple of news coverage. The field of victimology has documented that the media does not portray all crime victims the same. The race and class of the victim as well as seemingly non-relevant factors such as their age, profession and the location of the crime as well as the demographics …
Juvenile Life Without Parole, Kallee Spooner
Juvenile Life Without Parole, Kallee Spooner
Undergraduate Review
The purpose of this paper is to analyze data, policy trends, and legal concerns on the issue of sentencing juvenile offenders to life without the possibility of parole (LWOP). Policy changes in the 1980s and 90s dramatically changed the sentencing outcomes for juvenile offenders. Significantly departing from the rehabilitative goals established by the juvenile court, states adopted harsher punishments, including LWOP. During this shift, the diminished culpability of youth became insignificant when compared to the nature of their crimes. The recent cases of Roper v. Simmons (2005) and Graham v. Florida (2010) reinstated the importance of recognizing that juveniles are …
Capital Punishment And Race: Racial Culture Of The South, Jerry Joubert
Capital Punishment And Race: Racial Culture Of The South, Jerry Joubert
Undergraduate Review
There are currently 34 states with the death penalty and 16 states without the death penalty in the United States. According to the most recent report from the Death Penalty Information Center, there have been 1276 executions in the United States since 1976. In the year 2011 alone, there were 42 executions. This was 4 executions less than the previous year. Among the 1276 total executions in the United States since 1976, 1048 have taken place in the South. There are approximately 3,251 inmates on death row. African-Americans represent 42% of these inmates (Death Penalty Information Center, 2011). This statistic …
The Effects Of Massachusetts’ Decriminalization Of Marijuana Law On Use Patterns, Keriann Speranza
The Effects Of Massachusetts’ Decriminalization Of Marijuana Law On Use Patterns, Keriann Speranza
Undergraduate Review
The practice of smoking marijuana was imported to the United States from Mexico in the early 1900s. Fear around the use of marijuana provoked sixteen states to pass laws prohibiting the use of marijuana by 1930 (Becker, 1963). It was not until 1937 that the United States Congress passed the Marihuana Tax Act to stamp out use of the drug after the Bureau of Narcotics presented to the public in a series of propaganda films and news articles the perceived dangers of marijuana use – including violence (Becker, 1963). Since that law, the United States government has attempted to create …
The Adam Walsh Act: Juveniles And Sex Offender Registration And Notification, Kallee Spooner
The Adam Walsh Act: Juveniles And Sex Offender Registration And Notification, Kallee Spooner
Undergraduate Review
Increased public concerns of juvenile sex offenders fueled the passage of the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act in 2006. The media coverage of these adolescents and public perception were influential in the enactment of this policy. Public fear is aroused by isolated incidents of deviance or crime. Media accounts highlight extreme cases, instead of more common incidents of sexual assaults (Harris & Lurigio, 2010). The fear culminates in the forming of groups of experts and concerned citizens that demand reform. Legislators cite media and views of their constituents as their primary sources of information about sex offenses and …
The Torture Of Alleged Terrorists Necessary For Public Safety Or A Criminal Act?, Michaela Clark
The Torture Of Alleged Terrorists Necessary For Public Safety Or A Criminal Act?, Michaela Clark
Undergraduate Review
Torture is defined in a variety of ways by many different sources. According to the World Medical Association’s (WMA) Declaration of Tokyo, torture is defined as, “the deliberate, systematic, or wanton infliction of physical or mental suffering by one or more people acting alone or on the orders of any authority, to force another person to yield information, to make a confession, or for any other reason.” The Declaration of Tokyo was passed in 1975 and updated many times, most recently in 2006. This is a landmark document that has been used as a model for other medical statutes. The …
A Review Of Rape Statistics, Theories, And Policy, Gary Lowell
A Review Of Rape Statistics, Theories, And Policy, Gary Lowell
Undergraduate Review
Rape is defined in the laws of Massachusetts as “[s]exual intercourse or unnatural sexual intercourse by a person with another person who is compelled to submit by force and against his will or by threat of bodily injury” (Mass. Gen. Laws Ann. ch. 277, § 39, 2009). Although traditional definitions of rape have been that only a female can be raped and only a male can rape, “courts have held that the rape statutes in their jurisdictions are gender-neutral and apply equally to perpetrators of either sex” (Lynton, 1995). Still, since male on female rape is more prevalent (see Gonzales, …
Campus Rape Phenomenon, Keriann Speranza
Campus Rape Phenomenon, Keriann Speranza
Undergraduate Review
Rape is a serious crime affecting all colleges and universities, but it is rarely brought to the attention of the media, administrators, faculty, students, and community. Research shows that between 14% and 27.5% of college women have been sexually assaulted (Humphrey & Kahn, 2000). The 2005 Bureau of Justice Statistics Report on violent victimization of college students indicates that between the years 2000 and 2004, 74% of rapes and sexual assaults were committed by someone known to the victim (Gross, Winslett, Roberts, Gohm, 2006). This report also suggested that campus rape is the most underreported violent crime in the United …
A Moral Investigation Of Torture In The Post 9.11 World, Joe Moloney
A Moral Investigation Of Torture In The Post 9.11 World, Joe Moloney
Undergraduate Review
The field of philosophy is unique, as it allows one to logically examine issues in all disciplines, from science to politics to art. One further important discipline that philosophy examines is criminal justice. In this respect, one approach philosophy can take when examining criminal justice is to assess each issue by questioning its morality—that is, whether an action within the issue is right or wrong based upon a system of ethics. This approach concerns the subfield of philosophy known as ethics, a subfield that includes questions concerning what is morally good and morally bad. When one is faced with an …
Salvia Divinorum: Patterns Of Use, Christie Bowles
Salvia Divinorum: Patterns Of Use, Christie Bowles
Undergraduate Review
This study focuses on 13 salvia divinorum users, specifically seeking to understand the social, situational, and individual factors influencing their decision to use. Through semi-structured, in depth interviews, patterns such as the methods of use, settings of use, other frequently used drugs, and persistence or desistance of use are explored. Currently, there is limited research on salvia or the people who use this drug, and without this substantial research, the most effective way to address salvia use will remain unknown.
The Myth Of The Female Sex Offender, Chelsea Horrocks
The Myth Of The Female Sex Offender, Chelsea Horrocks
Undergraduate Review
More than 300,000 women and nearly 100,000 men were forcibly raped in 1995 (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2006). The National Violence Against Women (NVAW) Survey, the last nationwide survey on rape, which had 8,000 male and 8,000 female participants, found that one of every six women and one of every thirty-three men is raped at some point in their lifetime. Thirty-two percent of the women and sixteen percent of the men were injured during their rape. In another nationwide telephone survey, twenty-two percent of 3,000 adults reported being sexually abused (Vandiver, 2002).
Guantanamo Bay Just Preventative Detention Of Terrorist Or A Fundamental Violation Of Due Process?, Michelle Cubellis
Guantanamo Bay Just Preventative Detention Of Terrorist Or A Fundamental Violation Of Due Process?, Michelle Cubellis
Undergraduate Review
In response to the terrorist attacks of 9/11, in October of 2001, the Bush Administration launched the “War on Terror,” an attempt to eliminate all terrorist threats to the United States. As part of this war, the Bush Administration began detaining individuals it believed were linked to terrorism. Instead of capturing these individuals giving them a trial to determine whether they were guilty or innocent, and either sentencing them or releasing them, the Bush Administration detained these individuals at Guantanamo. They were held without due process and without access to federal courts. The Bush Administration repeatedly claimed that is was …
Peacemaking Criminology, Joseph Moloney
Peacemaking Criminology, Joseph Moloney
Undergraduate Review
This article is focused on exploring the practical implications of applying Pepinsky and Quinney’s (1991) theory of ‘peacemaking criminology’ to criminal justice policies. Peacemaking criminology is a perspective on crime that suggests that alternative methods can be used to create peaceful solutions to crime. Peacemaking criminology can be implemented in society to reduce the amount of violence in the criminal justice field, and I argue that this perspective on crime can improve the administration of equitable justice more so than the current approach. The implementation of peacemaking criminology would be a radically different approach than current practices and methods of …
The Safety Of A Nation Versus The Rights Of Suspected Terrorists, Michaela Clark
The Safety Of A Nation Versus The Rights Of Suspected Terrorists, Michaela Clark
Undergraduate Review
On January twenty-second, 2009, newly elected President Barack Obama issued an executive order requiring the detention center holding alleged terrorists at Guantanamo Bay to be closed within one year. This proposal may potentially close a chapter on one of America’s most controversial efforts to combat terrorism. Throughout the Bush Administration’s “War on Terror” numerous laws were passed that gave the President and the Department of Defense power to determine who was an enemy combatant and detain indefinitely those they decided fit that profile. The issue of holding people the military deems a threat without giving them a traditional trial continues …
Trust Us…We’Re The Fbi, Benjamin Shimp
The Chivalry Hypothesis & Filicide: Are There Categorical Differences Between Mothers And Fathers Who Kill Their Children?, Meghan Chase
The Chivalry Hypothesis & Filicide: Are There Categorical Differences Between Mothers And Fathers Who Kill Their Children?, Meghan Chase
Undergraduate Review
No abstract provided.
A Comparison Of Sexual Assault In The U.S., Canada, And England, Catie Carson
A Comparison Of Sexual Assault In The U.S., Canada, And England, Catie Carson
Undergraduate Review
No abstract provided.