Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Changes In Scholarly Reading In Finland Over A Decade: Influences Of E-Journals And Social Media, Elina Late, Carol Tenopir, Sanna Talja, Lisa Christian

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

Nationwide surveys of researchers in Finland in 2007 and 2016 distributed with the assistance of FinELib, the Finnish national consortium, show that researchers use a growing range of sources to find and access scholarly articles and that some reading patterns are changing. The percentage of articles found by searching and browsing are decreasing, while researchers are using more social ways to locate articles. Research social networking sites are rated as important to their work. They read more onscreen, although still print some material out for final reading. Reading patterns for books are different, as researchers still rely more on printed …

New Web Services That Help Authors Choose Journals, Amy Louise Forrester, Bo-Christer Björk, Carol Tenopir

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

The motivations for an author to choose a journal to submit to are complex and include factors relating to impact and prestige, service quality, and publication costs and policies. Authors require information about multiple characteristics of journals that may be difficult to obtain. This article compares and contrasts the new author-oriented journal comparison tools and services that have emerged to assist researchers in this important step of the scholarly publishing process. Many of these tools combine factors to provide full web-based manuscript submission decision tools, however all have limitations that reduce their usefulness.

Scholarly Article Seeking, Reading, And Use: A Continuing Evolution From Print To Electronic In The Sciences And Social Sciences, Carol Tenopir, Donald W. King, Lisa Christian, Rachel E. Volentine

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

Electronic journals are now the norm for accessing and reading scholarly articles. This article examines scholarly article reading patterns by faculty in five US universities in 2012. Selected findings are also compared to some general trends from studies conducted periodically since 1977. In the 2012 survey, over threequarters (76%) of the scholarly readings were obtained through electronic means and just over half (51%) of readings were read on a screen rather than from a print source or being printed out. Readings from library sources are overwhelmingly from e-sources. The average number of articles read per month was 20.66, with most …

To Boldly Go Beyond Downloads: How Are Journal Articles Shared And Used?, Carol Tenopir, Gabriel Hughes, Christian Lisa, Suzie Allard, David Nicholas, Anthony Watkinson, Hazel Woodward, Peter Shepherd, Robert Anderson

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

With more scholarly journals being distributed electronically rather than in print form, we know that researchers download many articles. What is less well known is how journal articles are used after they are initially downloaded. To what extent are they saved, uploaded, tweeted, or otherwise shared? How does this reuse increase their total use and value to research and how does it influence library usage figures? University of Tennessee Chancellor’s Professor Carol Tenopir, Professor Suzie Allard, and Adjunct Professor David Nicholas are leading a team of international researchers on a the project, “Beyond Downloads,” funded by a grant from Elsevier. …

Measuring The Value Of The Academic Library: Return On Investment And Other Value Measures, Carol Tenopir

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

Return on investment (ROI) is one method of measuring the value of a library's e-journal collection. In an international study designed to test an ROI formula developed as a case study at the University of Illinois, ROI of the value of e-journals to grants income was found to vary depending on the mission and subject emphasis of the institution. Faculty members report that e-journals have transformed the way they do research, including making them more productive and competitive. Future studies will examine ROI beyond grants income and beyond the value of e-journal collections.

Cross Country Comparison Of Scholarly E-Reading Patterns In Australia, Finland, And The United States, Carol Tenopir, Concepción S. Wilson, Pertti Vakkari, Sanna Talja, Donald W. King

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

Surveys of academic staff in Australia, Finland, and the United States from 2004-2007 reveal reading patterns of e-articles by academics that can be used to measure the purpose and value of e-reading and to demonstrate the value of library-provided electronic journal collections. Results can also be used to compare differences across subject discipline, age, and national boundaries, and how the decisions that libraries make influence reading patterns. The surveys used a variation of the critical incident technique to focus on the last e-article read, whether from the library collection or from elsewhere. Readings from e-journals and articles provided by libraries …

Electronic Journals And Changes In Scholarly Article Seeking And Reading Patterns, Carol Tenopir, Donald W. King, Sheri Edwards, Lei Wu

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

By tracking the information-seeking and reading patterns of science, technology, medical and social science faculty members from 1977 to the present, this paper seeks to examine how faculty members locate, obtain, read, and use scholarly articles and how this has changed with the widespread availability of electronic journals and journal alternatives.

Are Electronic Journals Good For Science?, Carol Tenopir

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

Most people accept the notion that e-journals, through library subscriptions or open access, are good for science. They save readers time in tracking down articles and help them identify relevant materials from a wide range of journal titles. However, the academic world was buzzing recently over a study that challenged this notion.

Viewing And Reading Behaviour In A Virtual Environment: The Full-Text Download And What Can Be Read Into It, David Nicholas, Paul Huntington, Hamid R. Jamali, Ian Rowlands, Tom Dobrowolski, Carol Tenopir

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

This article aims to focus on usage data in respect to full-text downloads of journal articles, which is considered an important usage (satisfaction) metric by librarians and publishers. The purpose is to evaluate the evidence regarding full-text viewing by pooling together data on the full-text viewing of tens of thousands of users studied as part of a number of investigations of e-journal databases conducted during the Virtual Scholar research programme.

The Value Of The Container, Carol Tenopir

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

WHY ALL THE FUSS ABOUT ELECtronic journals? That was the question raised by Michael Gorman, the outspoken president of the American Library Association (ALA), at a session on "Future of Libraries" at the recent Online Information Meeting in London. "What we want is articles," said Gorman, calling the idea of putting them together in things called journals "irrelevant."

"We don't need e-journals," said the controversial Gorman. Articles should be put together by "our interests, not the editor's." The real problem, according to Gorman, is that there is no viable economic model. "Buying all articles [including those no one reads] is …

Online Scholarly Journals: How Many?, Carol Tenopir

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

IT SHOULD BE EASY to determine the exact number of scholarly journals that are available online. Surprisingly, it is a challenge. Even how many scholarly journals are published in print isn't easy to calculate. Coming up with these numbers is a tale that information specialists will appreciate.

Patterns Of Journal Use By Faculty At Three Diverse Universities., Donald W. King, Sarah E. Aerni, Carol Tenopir, Carol Hansen Montgomery

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

University libraries are rapidly moving toward electronic journal collections. Readership surveys at three universities with different levels of electronic journal implementation demonstrate how transition to electronic journal collections affects use patterns of faculty and staff. The University of Tennessee was in a transitional phase when the survey was done (2000), the University of Pittsburgh had acquired a large electronic journal collection, but with some duplication with print journals (2003), and Drexel University had migrated to nearly all electronic journals (2002). Although faculty use of personal print subscriptions remains significant, electronic personal subscriptions are used only infrequently by faculty even though …

The Art Of Conjuring E-Content: Content Disappears, Companies Solidify Their Primary Businesses, Technology Connects And Expands Databases. (Database Marketplace 2003), Carol Tenopir, Gayle Baker, William Robinson

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

ANY MAGICIAN WOULD be proud of the database industry. Disappearing acts, metamorphoses, and even a bit of pure trickery characterized this "magical" year. The dirtiest trick award goes to the divine/RoweCom/Faxon debacle. This show unfolded over several months and continues, as both RoweCom and parent company divine have filed for bankruptcy. EBSCO having recently acquired what's left of RoweCom's subscription businesses worldwide and is working with publishers to strike a deal that will help libraries pull their undelivered serials out of the bankruptcy hat. But divine is also the parent company of NorthernLight. This highly touted web search engine …

Patterns Of Journal Use By Scientists Through Three Evolutionary Phases., Carol Tenopir, Matt Grayson, Yan Zhang, Mercy Ebuen, Donald W. King, Peter B. Boyce

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

Access to electronic journals and articles has involved three system phases: an early phase following introduction of electronic journals; an evolving phase in which a majority of scientific journals are available in electronic format, new features are added to some journals, and some individual articles are made available through preprint archives, author web sites, etc; and an advanced phase in which searching capabilities, advanced features, and individual articles are integrated in a complete system along with full text of core journals available back to their origin. This article provides some evidence of how scientists' information seeking and reading patterns are …

Online Serials Heat Up, Carol Tenopir

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

SERIALS LIBRARIANSHIP is hot. It wasn't too long ago that library schools were eliminating serials management courses while libraries were merging serials departments into acquisitions and cataloging. Now, in the era of electronic journals and magazines, serials is the hottest topic in the library.

Electronic Journals: How User Behavior Is Changing, Carol Tenopir, Donald W. King

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

From 1977 through 2001 the authors have conducted a series of studies that examine reading and publishing habits of scientists in both university and non-university settings (including private companies and national laboratories). For the last decade the studies have measured the influence of ejournals on scholarly reading and publishing behaviours. These studies demonstrate that scientists continue to read widely from scholarly journals primarily for research and current awareness. Reading of scholarly articles has increased to approximately 120-13 articles per person per year, with engineers reading fewer journal articles on the average and medical faculty reading more. A growing amount of …

Scientists' Use Of Journals: Differences (And Similarities) Between Print And Electronic, Carol Tenopir, Donald W. King, Randy Hoffman, Elizabeth Mcsween, Christopher Ryland, Erin Smith

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

Studies conducted over the last three decades demonstrate that scientists read widely from scholarly journals. Scientists use these journals primarily for research and current awareness. Reading of scholarly articles has increased to approximately 110 to 120 articles per person per year, and a growing amount of these readings come from preprints and other separate copies. Scientists are also reading a greater percentage of new articles. In fall 2000 we surveyed scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to repeat a survey conducted in 1984. The primary aim of the recent survey was to identify the impact of electronic/ digital journal alternatives …

Online Journals & Developing Nations, Carol Tenopir

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

WE ALL KNOW HOW the escalating price of journal subscriptions takes a bite every year from our libraries' budgets. Still, if you are reading this in a library in the United States, the U.K., or any other developed nation, you may not realize the devastating effect the high costs of journals have on libraries in less developed nations. Barbara Kirsop, secretary of the Electronic Publishing Trust for Development and director of Bioline Publications, says when she asked a librarian in a sub-Saharan African nation what journals that library would order this year, the answer was, "None."

Moving Toward Electronic Journals, Carol Tenopir

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

PRINT STILL PREDOMINATES in journal publishing, but that role may soon fade. Too slowly or too quickly, steadily or in fits and starts (depending on your perspective and patience level), scholarly journals are moving toward reliance on digital forms. This is happening in part because librarians, scholars, and even some publishers are unhappy about the current state of print journals.

Online Goals Before There Was Online, Carol Tenopir

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

Suggests that digital resources and telecommunications give librarians the best chance in decades to reexamine and achieve many of their fundamental goals. Discusses the goals of providing the right information in appropriate formats, keeping the intellectual record, providing personalized information services, and serving as educators, and cites references to each in the library literature dating back to the late 1800s. (AEF)

Designing Electronic Journals With 30 Years Of Lessons Learned From Print: Economic And Use Patterns Of Scientific Journals., Carol Tenopir, Donald W. King

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

Scientists find journals useful, both for their teaching and their research — so useful, in fact, that they are willing to pay for them. If electronic journals prove to be as useful, or more useful, their viability is assured.

Economic Cost Models Of Scientific Scholarly Journals, Donald W. King, Carol Tenopir

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

This paper summarizes costs of publishing scientific scholarly journals. Activities are described for five publishing components: article processing (e.g., manuscript processing, editing , composition, etc.), non-article processing (i.e. similar activities related to covers, tables-of-content, letters, book reviews, etc.), reproduction (e.g., printing, collating, binding, etc.), distribution (e.g., wrapping, labeling, sorting, mailing, subscription maintenance, etc.), and support (e.g., marketing, administration, finance, etc.). A model is derived for each of these components consisting of cost parameters (e.g., number of issues, pages, subscriptions, etc.) and cost elements (e.g., cost per page of editing, set-up cost per issue, postage cost per issue copy mailed, etc.). …

Designing The Future Of Electronic Journals With Lessons Learned From The Past: Economic And Use Patterns Of Scientific Journals, Carol Tenopir, Donald W. King

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

Studies of thousands of both university and non-university scientists demonstrate the importance of scholarly journals to their work. Amount of reading has remained high and scientists who read more, are more successful. Readings have shifted from personal subscriptions to more readings from library provided journals. Personal subscriptions have gone down from 5.8 subscriptions per scientist in 1977 to about 2.9 subscriptions. The drop is due to the rising prices of subscriptions, prices that have increased beyond inflation rates. Processing costs decrease some with electronic journals, but the high fixed costs associated with creating scholarly journals are the same for print …