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- Trade (6)
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Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Eu Trade Barriers In The Agri-Food Sector: When Protection Breeds Dependence, Olivier Cadot, Akiko Suwa-Eisenmann, Jacques Gallezot
Eu Trade Barriers In The Agri-Food Sector: When Protection Breeds Dependence, Olivier Cadot, Akiko Suwa-Eisenmann, Jacques Gallezot
Olivier Cadot
This paper looks for firm-level evidence that high rates of protection breed concentration of firm activities into highly protected sectors, endogenously generating vested interests in the maintenance of protection. We combine data on the EU’s trade protection for food and agricultural products measured by ad-valorem equivalents (AVEs) with survey data on France’s agri-food sector to show that indeed, small and mid-size firms and cooperatives in that sector are heavily concentrated in product lines protected by tariff-rate quotas (TRQs) at high rates. Those firms and cooperatives can be expected to be at the forefront of resistance to multilateral tariff cuts, in …
Success And Failure Of African Exporters, Olivier Cadot, Leonardo Iacovone, Denisse Pierola, Ferdinand Rauch
Success And Failure Of African Exporters, Olivier Cadot, Leonardo Iacovone, Denisse Pierola, Ferdinand Rauch
Olivier Cadot
Using a novel dataset with transaction-level export data from four African countries (Malawi, Mali, Senegal and Tanzania), this paper explores the determinants of success upon entry into export market, defined as survival beyond the first year at the (firm x product x destination) level. We find that the success probability \textit{rises} with the number of same-country competitors exporting the same product to the same destination, suggesting the existence of some cross-firm externalities. We explore several conjectures on the determinants underlying these externalities and provide evidence that these may operate through information spillovers.
North-South Standards Harmonization And International Trade, Olivier Cadot, Anne-Celia Disdier, Lionel Fontagne
North-South Standards Harmonization And International Trade, Olivier Cadot, Anne-Celia Disdier, Lionel Fontagne
Olivier Cadot
Recent years have seen a surge in regional trade agreements (RTAs) and the development of non-tariff measures (NTMs). As a consequence, a growing number of RTAs include provisions on NTMs. This paper investigates the effect of standards-harmonization clauses contained in many North-South Agreements on international trade. Using a gravity equation, we find that (i) North-South harmonization of technical regulations reinforces a hub-and-spoke trade structure potentially detrimental to the development of South-South trade and (ii) harmonization on regional standards hurts Southern exports to the North. Thus, standards-harmonization provisions included in many recent North-South RTAs miss their target and contribute to marginalize …
A Second Look At The Pesticides Initiative Program: Evidence From Senegal, Olivier Cadot, Melise Jaud
A Second Look At The Pesticides Initiative Program: Evidence From Senegal, Olivier Cadot, Melise Jaud
Olivier Cadot
This paper investigates whether the Pesticides Initiative Program has significantly affected the export performance of Senegal's horticulture industry. We apply two main microeconometric techniques, difference-in-differences and matching difference-in-differences, to identify the effect of the Pesticides Initiative Program on exports of fresh fruits and vegetables. We use a unique firm-level dataset containing data on sales, employment, and exports by product and destination markets, as well as firm enrolment year, over 2000-2008. The results suggest that while the program had no significant effect on exports pooled over all products and destinations, it had a positive effect when considering fresh fruits and vegetables …
Imports And Tfp At The Firm Level: The Role Of Absorptive Capacity, Olivier Cadot, Patricia Augier, Marion Dovis
Imports And Tfp At The Firm Level: The Role Of Absorptive Capacity, Olivier Cadot, Patricia Augier, Marion Dovis
Olivier Cadot
This paper estimates the effect of the decision to import intermediate goods and capital equipment on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) at the firm level on a panel of Spanish firms (1991-2002). We use two alternative approaches. In the first, we estimate TFP and apply a diff-in-diff estimator with a control group constructed by propensity-score matching. In the second, direct method, we estimate TFP with imported inputs as a state variable in one stage. Both approaches show that the effect of a firm’s decision to source intermediates and capital equipment abroad on its TFP depends critically on its capacity to absorb …
Paving The Way: Applying Impact-Evaluation Techniques To Trade Interventions, Olivier Cadot, Julien Gourdon
Paving The Way: Applying Impact-Evaluation Techniques To Trade Interventions, Olivier Cadot, Julien Gourdon
Olivier Cadot
The focus of trade policy has shifted in recent years from economy-wide reductions in tariffs and trade restrictions towards targeted interventions to facilitate trade and promote exports. Most of these latter interventions are based on the new mantra of “aid-for-trade” rather than on hard evidence on what works and what doesn’t. On the one hand, rigorous impact-evaluation is needed to justify these interventions and to improve their design. On the other hand, rigorous evaluation is feasible because unlike traditional trade policy, these interventions tend to be targeted and so it is possible to construct treatment and control groups. When interventions …
Stata Pour Les Nuls, Olivier Cadot
Stata Pour Les Nuls, Olivier Cadot
Olivier Cadot
This is in French, with apologies to the non-French speakers. I initially wrote this for myself (easier to find silly syntax rules in this than in the 25 manual volumes). I keep on adding stuff as needs go. Feel free to download, edit, improve, and tell me what's wrong.
Non-Tariff Measures In The Mna Region: Improving Governance For Competitiveness, Olivier Cadot, Patricia Augier, Julien Gourdon, Mariem Malouche
Non-Tariff Measures In The Mna Region: Improving Governance For Competitiveness, Olivier Cadot, Patricia Augier, Julien Gourdon, Mariem Malouche
Olivier Cadot
This note reviews what we know about NTMs affecting the regional and global trade integration of MNA economies. In MNA countries, NTMs contribute to segment markets and to raise the domestic prices of affected products, generating countervailing demands for other distortionary policies to contain the cost of living. The combination of these distortionary measures generates inefficiency and policy deadlock. Significant progress has been made, but reforms have remained superficial—from the adoption of technical improvements in border management without a change of enforcement culture, to the creation of dialogue structures that remain largely empty shells for lack of political drive. The …
Trade Diversification: Drivers And Impacts, Olivier Cadot, Celine Carrere, Vanessa Strauss-Kahn
Trade Diversification: Drivers And Impacts, Olivier Cadot, Celine Carrere, Vanessa Strauss-Kahn
Olivier Cadot
No abstract provided.
Export Diversification: What's Behind The Hump?, Olivier Cadot, Céline Carrère, Vanessa Strauss-Kahn
Export Diversification: What's Behind The Hump?, Olivier Cadot, Céline Carrère, Vanessa Strauss-Kahn
Olivier Cadot
The paper explores the evolution of export diversification patterns along the economic development path. Using a large database with 159 countries over 17 years at the HS6 level of disaggregation (4’998 product lines) we look for action at the “intensive” and “extensive” margins (diversification of export values among active product lines and by addition of new product lines respectively) using various export concentration indices and the number of active export lines. We also look at new product introduction as an indicator of “export-entrepreneurship”. We find a hump-shaped pattern of export diversification similar to what Imbs and Wacziarg (2003) found for …
Non-Tariff Measures: Impact, Regulation, And Trade Facilitation, Olivier Cadot, Sebastian Saez, Maryla Maliszewska
Non-Tariff Measures: Impact, Regulation, And Trade Facilitation, Olivier Cadot, Sebastian Saez, Maryla Maliszewska
Olivier Cadot
No abstract provided.
Endowments, Specialization, And Policy, Olivier Cadot, Yuliya Shakurova
Endowments, Specialization, And Policy, Olivier Cadot, Yuliya Shakurova
Olivier Cadot
The paper explores the relationship between industry shares in production and their determinants including factor endowments, technology and government policies, in a GDP-function framework. We use a new international panel data set on production and trade compiled by the World Bank. As an intermediate step we calculate Hicks-neutral productivity indices that vary across industries, time and countries. We find that own-TFP is robustly associated with industry shares across time and countries and that, after correcting for these productivity differences, output shares are related to factor endowments (Rybczynski effects) in a plausible way. Once Rybczynski effects are controlled for, we find …
Does Regionalism Reduce The Volatility Of Trade Policy?, Olivier Cadot, Marcelo Olarreaga, Jeanne Tschopp
Does Regionalism Reduce The Volatility Of Trade Policy?, Olivier Cadot, Marcelo Olarreaga, Jeanne Tschopp
Olivier Cadot
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the extend to which trade agreements affect agricultural trade policy volatility. Using a new panel database compiled as part of the World Bank's Agricultural Distortions research project, we estimate the effect of regionalism (proxied in various ways) on the volatility of price distortions measured by the absolute value of their first differences, averaged, for each country and year, over all agricultural goods. Using an instrumental-variable approach to correct for the endogeneity of regional trade agreements, (RTAs), we find that participation in RTAs has a significantly negative effect on agricultural trade-policy volatility. We …
Scared Of Foreigners And Their Products? Survey Evidence From France, Olivier Cadot, Akiko Suwa-Eisenmann, Thierry Verdier
Scared Of Foreigners And Their Products? Survey Evidence From France, Olivier Cadot, Akiko Suwa-Eisenmann, Thierry Verdier
Olivier Cadot
No abstract provided.
The Elimination Of Madagascar’S Vanilla Marketing Board, Ten Years On, Laure C. Dutoit, Olivier Cadot, Jaime De Melo
The Elimination Of Madagascar’S Vanilla Marketing Board, Ten Years On, Laure C. Dutoit, Olivier Cadot, Jaime De Melo
Olivier Cadot
This paper explores how the elimination of Madagascar’s Vanilla Marketing Board (VMB) in 1993 affected prices paid to farmers, incentives, and regional indicators of poverty and inequality. After steadily losing market share, Madagascar has been able to regain some of the lost ground since the mid-1990s. Margins between FOB and farmgate prices have narrowed down and analysis of changes in poverty and inequality suggests some positive impact in regions where vanilla is grown, though it is difficult to control for other intervening factors. A counterfactual analysis based on a model of Cournot competition between vanilla traders suggests that whatever limited …
Product-Specific Rules Of Origin In Us And Eu Preferential Trade Agreements: An Assessment, Bolormaa Tumurchudur, Olivier Cadot, Jaime De Melo, Céline Carrère
Product-Specific Rules Of Origin In Us And Eu Preferential Trade Agreements: An Assessment, Bolormaa Tumurchudur, Olivier Cadot, Jaime De Melo, Céline Carrère
Olivier Cadot
Building on earlier work by Estevadeordal, we construct a synthetic index (R-index) intending to capture the restrictiveness on market access due to product specific rules of origin (PSRO) that apply at the tariff-line level. The R-index is constructed for rules of origins under NAFTA and under the single list applying to PANEURO, the new regime applying to all EU preferential trade agreements. The R-index highlights how identical PSRO have different impacts across countries, and how the complexity of PSRO varies across sectors. Having controlled for the extent of tariff preference at the tariff-line level, the R-index contributes to account for …
Anti-Dumping Sunset Reviews: The Uneven Reach Of Wto Disciplines, Bolormaa Tumurchudur, Olivier Cadot, Jaime De Melo
Anti-Dumping Sunset Reviews: The Uneven Reach Of Wto Disciplines, Bolormaa Tumurchudur, Olivier Cadot, Jaime De Melo
Olivier Cadot
The paper uses a new database on Anti-Dumping measures worldwide to assess whether the 1995 Uruguay Round Agreement on AD sunset reviews had any effect. Estimates from a count of revocations for a panel of AD-using countries over 1979-2005 show that a five-year cycle is more apparent after the WTO agreement than before, with the marginal propensity to revoke AD measures at five years jumping from 0-2% to 45%. A survival analysis of AD measures confirms that those covered by the agreement stick on average for shorter periods, and a semi-parametric difference-in-difference approach confirms a strong de-jure component to the …
How Costly Is It For Poor Farmers To Lift Themselves Out Of Subsistence, Laure C. Dutoit, Olivier Cadot, Marcelo Olarreaga
How Costly Is It For Poor Farmers To Lift Themselves Out Of Subsistence, Laure C. Dutoit, Olivier Cadot, Marcelo Olarreaga
Olivier Cadot
The main objective of this paper is to provide estimates of the cost of moving out of subsistence for Madagascar's farmers. The analysis is based on a simple asset-return model of occupational choice. Estimates suggest that the entry (sunk) cost associated with moving out of subsistence can be quite large---somewhere between 124 and 153 percent of a subsistence farmer's annual production. Our results make it possible to identify farm characteristics likely to generate large gains if moved out of subsistence, yielding useful information for the targeting of trade-adjustment assistance programs.
Rules Of Origin In North-South Preferential Trade Arrangements With An Application To Nafta, Bolormaa Tumurchudur, Olivier Cadot, Antoni Estevadeordal, Jaime De Melo, Akiko Suwa-Eisenmann, Jose Anson
Rules Of Origin In North-South Preferential Trade Arrangements With An Application To Nafta, Bolormaa Tumurchudur, Olivier Cadot, Antoni Estevadeordal, Jaime De Melo, Akiko Suwa-Eisenmann, Jose Anson
Olivier Cadot
All PTAs short of a Customs Unions use Rules of Origin (RoO) to prevent trade deflection. RoO raise production costs and create administrative costs. This paper argues that in the case of the recent wave of North-South PTAs, the presence of RoO virtually limits the market access that these PTAs confer to the Southern partners. In the case of NAFTA, it is estimated that up to 45 % Mexico's preferential access to the US market in 2000 (estimated at 4%) was absorbed by RoO-related administrative costs with non-administrative costs for Mexican firms of about 3% US of import value. These …
Beyond The "Röstigraben": The Swiss Electorate Divided About The Eu, Jose Anson, Olivier Cadot
Beyond The "Röstigraben": The Swiss Electorate Divided About The Eu, Jose Anson, Olivier Cadot
Olivier Cadot
This paper analyses the EEA and bilateral agreements vote results at the level of 3025 communities of the Swiss Confederation by simultaneously modelling the vote and the participation decisions. Regressions include economic and political factors. The economic variables are the aggregated shares of people employed in the losing, winning and neutral sectors, according to BRUNETTI, JAGGI and WEDER (1998) classification, which follows a Ricardo-Viner logic, and the average education levels, which follows a Heckscher-Ohlin approach. The political factors are those used in the recent literature. The results are extremely precise and consistent. Most variables have the predicted sign and are …