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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 30 of 30
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Psychologist Self-Disclosure With Court-Mandated And Self-Referred Clients, Barbara Ann Doremus
Psychologist Self-Disclosure With Court-Mandated And Self-Referred Clients, Barbara Ann Doremus
ETD Archive
Therapist self-disclosure is a topic that continues to generate professional discourse in research literature. However, no literature has considered how therapists use self-disclosure with clients who are court-mandated into therapy. The goals of this research were to: 1) identify differences in psychologists' responses on the Self-Disclosure Questionnaire - Revised (SDQ - R) between self-referred and court-mandated clients 2) determine whether psychologists using self-disclosure with court-mandated clients endorse similar justifications for using self-disclosure as documented in the literature 3) understand how psychologists' years of experience influence self-disclosure with court-mandated clients and 4) observe whether psychologists who had graduate training/experience with self-disclosure …
The Local Economic Growth Impact Of Broadband Infrastructure 1998 To 2008, Karen A. Gurney
The Local Economic Growth Impact Of Broadband Infrastructure 1998 To 2008, Karen A. Gurney
ETD Archive
This dissertation presents estimates of the relationship between early investment in broadband infrastructure and a number of local economic indicators using a data set of communities (by zip code) across the U.S. Data is matched from the FCC (Form 477) on broadband infrastructure availability with demographic and other socio-economic data from the U.S. Population Censuses and Business Trends Surveys. Spatial econometric techniques are utilized. Even after controlling for community-level factors known to influence broadband availability and economic activity, it was found that between 1998 and 2008, communities in which broadband was available by 1999, compared to those that did not, …
Do The Causes Of Poverty Vary By Neighborhood Type?, Uday Bhaskar Kandula
Do The Causes Of Poverty Vary By Neighborhood Type?, Uday Bhaskar Kandula
ETD Archive
Increasing our understanding about the nature of poverty is important due to its severe consequences at the individual, neighborhood and community levels. The purpose of this dissertation is to understand whether, or the degree to which, the causes of poverty vary across different types of neighborhoods. To accomplish this goal, cluster analysis was used to identify unique types of metropolitan neighborhoods. Next, variables that correspond to the causes of poverty were identified and entered into a factor analysis. The resulting factors were used as explanatory variables in a regression analysis explaining the variation in poverty across the different types of …
A Survey Of The Structural Determinants Of Local Emergency Planning Committee Compliance And Proactivity;Towards An Applied Theory Of Precaution In Emergency Management, Erica M. Matheny
ETD Archive
Millions of factories, chemical facilities, and highways store or convey extremely hazardous substances (EHS) in proximity to populated residential and commercial areas. The proliferation of hazardous chemicals in manufacturing has led to thousands of facilities that store and utilize them throughout the United States. There is inherent risk to neighborhoods and populated areas located near facilities that use and store hazardous chemicals. Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs) were created in 1987 as stakeholder based, primarily volunteer organizations that address hazardous chemical accident mitigation. In addition, LEPCs were mandated with the intent of engaging communities in the debate about hazardous materials. …
Effects Of An Equine Assisted Activities Program On Youth With Emotional Disturbance;A Pilot Study, Tira J. Stebbins
Effects Of An Equine Assisted Activities Program On Youth With Emotional Disturbance;A Pilot Study, Tira J. Stebbins
ETD Archive
This study evaluated the effects of a 10-week Equine Assisted Activities (EAA) program on special education students (aged 9 to 15) identified as Emotionally Disturbed (ED) who were enrolled in an alternative school. A control group of special education students receiving treatment-as-usual was included. The Behavior Assessment Scale for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2 Reynolds & Kamphaus, 2004) measured change in emotional, behavioral, and school functioning, and adaptive skills. The Self-Report of Personality (SRP), Teacher Report Scale (TRS) and Parent Report Scale (PRS) forms of the BASC-2 (Reynolds & Kamphaus, 2004) were used to triangulate outcome data reported by the students, …
Understanding The Relationship Of Trust And Risk In Online Shopping, Stephanie C. Kozina
Understanding The Relationship Of Trust And Risk In Online Shopping, Stephanie C. Kozina
ETD Archive
This study explores the relationships between online shopping, perceived risk, and trust in an online vendor. Various models have been proposed and studied in previous literature. This study looked at three models: Through, Joint, and Plus to explain how these three constructs relate. An online study with 173 consumers was conducted and focused on perceived risk and consumer trust in the online vendor. Two types of trust, predictability and integrity, were included. A principal components factor analysis led to two four types of risk - privacy, time, social, and lost resource risk - all four were included in the analysis. …
Ptsd And High-Risk Behaviors In Trauma Survivors, Richard Jason Lawrence
Ptsd And High-Risk Behaviors In Trauma Survivors, Richard Jason Lawrence
ETD Archive
Many previous studies have shown that trauma survivors, with and without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), engage in more high-risk behaviors (e.g., Smith, Davis, & Fricker-Elhai, 2004). It is unclear whether the trauma exposure itself, or PTSD, is actually associated with the high-risk behaviors. The current study will be one of the first to examine differences in risk-taking between trauma survivors with and without PTSD, and will utilize the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) to test risk-taking propensity in trauma survivors. We expect that trauma survivors with PTSD will engage in more high-risk behaviors, report greater perceived benefits, and demonstrate greater …
Differences In Risk-Taking In A Trauma Exposed Population, Ruth Anna Viehoff
Differences In Risk-Taking In A Trauma Exposed Population, Ruth Anna Viehoff
ETD Archive
Previous studies have shown that depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with a variety of risk-taking behaviors. However fewer studies have examined how comorbidity between the two disorders can differentially affect risk-taking. This study examined the relationship between depression, PTSD, past risk-taking, and perceived benefits of risk to further determine how comorbidity affects risk behaviors. It was expected that individuals who displayed symptoms of depression and PTSD would report more past risk-taking and associate greater benefits with taking risks. Depression symptoms were found to significantly predict past drug use. This suggests that comorbid individuals who report more depressive …
Relationship Between Internal Homonegativity And Self-Harm Behaviors, Marie M. Chirico
Relationship Between Internal Homonegativity And Self-Harm Behaviors, Marie M. Chirico
ETD Archive
The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) population has been shown to have higher rates of self-harm behaviors but specific interventions have not been implemented to address this discrepancy. In effort to find aspects that are related to self-harm in the LGB population, this study looks at the relationship between Internal Homonegativity, the internal shame and guilty felt for identifying as non-heterosexual, and self-harm behaviors. A sample of 983 individuals identifying as LGB were recruited through a Facebook advertisement to take an online survey. A significant and positive relationship was found between Internal Homonegativity and self-harm behaviors. Possible limitations of the …
Same Behavior, Different Consequences: Reactions To Men's And Women's Compulsory Citizenship Behaviors, Makishi Nobuko
Same Behavior, Different Consequences: Reactions To Men's And Women's Compulsory Citizenship Behaviors, Makishi Nobuko
ETD Archive
The objective of this current study was to investigate how job evaluations were changed based on a performer's gender, especially when a performer engaged in compulsory pro-social behaviors under undesirable pressure from others. Gadot (2006) named this type of behavior as Compulsory Citizenship Behavior (CCBs). Gadot (2007) mentioned that employees are forced to perform Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs). The present study used a 2 (gender) x 2 (voluntary nature of behavior: OCBs or CCBs) x 2 (type of behavior: altruistic or civic) mixed between-within-subjects methodology. Participants were randomly assigned to view different types of imaginary employees, which would vary in …
The Effects Of Task Autonomy And Task Interest On Goal-Setting Behavior And Task Performance, Megan E. Crane
The Effects Of Task Autonomy And Task Interest On Goal-Setting Behavior And Task Performance, Megan E. Crane
ETD Archive
Task autonomy and task interest have been studied in the organizational literature as main effects, demonstrating positive effects on productive work behavior and goal-setting behavior. Providing high task autonomy or an interesting task may stimulate goal setting, but the interaction of these two variables may significantly increase goal level and consequently task performance. Yet, little research has examined this interaction on individuals' goal-setting behavior, when given the opportunity to self-set goals. The purpose of this research is to discover whether the effects of task autonomy on self-set goals are stronger for tasks that are more interesting. Furthermore, I assessed the …
What Factors Predict Falls In Cognitively Impaired Older Adults?, Nicole T. Dawson
What Factors Predict Falls In Cognitively Impaired Older Adults?, Nicole T. Dawson
ETD Archive
A significant amount of research has been conducted to identify possible risk factors and causes of falls in older adults as well as implementing interventions in efforts to reduce the incidence of falls in this population. Falls accounted for 2 million non-fatal injuries to adults over the age of 65 in 2007 while over $19 billion is spent annually on direct medical costs. Most of the literature is representative of healthy, community-dwelling adults while a much smaller amount is reserved for the subpopulation of older adults with cognitive impairment. Cognitively impaired adults are twice as likely to fall as healthy …
Examining Signer-Specificity Effects In The Perception Of Words In American Sign Language, Hadiya A. Adams
Examining Signer-Specificity Effects In The Perception Of Words In American Sign Language, Hadiya A. Adams
ETD Archive
Variability in talker identity, which is commonly referred to as one type of indexical variation, has demonstrable effects on the speed and accuracy of spoken word recognition. In the current study, I conducted two experiments designed to examine whether talker variability has an effect on the perception of words in American Sign Language. Native and non-native signers participated in two long-term repetition-priming experiments in which they performed two separate blocks of lexical decision trials. In Experiment 1, all participants were native signers. In Experiment 2, all participants were late signers. In both experiments, all participants performed both an easy and …
Exploring Reaction Time Differences To Aggression Words As A Function Of Attachment Related Avoidance And Anxiety, Stephanie L. Johnson
Exploring Reaction Time Differences To Aggression Words As A Function Of Attachment Related Avoidance And Anxiety, Stephanie L. Johnson
ETD Archive
A previous study using an Emotional Stroop task (EST) and a Visual Lexical Decision task (VLDT) determined that threat-related subliminal primes (for participantshigh in attachment anxiety) 1) heightened accessibility of representations of attachment figures, and 2) inhibited attachment representations (high attachment avoidance) whenthe threat prime was the word separation. The current study also used both tasks (EST and VLDT) to explore differences in reaction time (RT) without a subliminal prime for neutral, physical, and relational aggressive words as a function of attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety. Results showed that for the EST, higher avoidance reflected slower RTs to physical aggression …
The Effects Of Group Essence Survival On Group Morale, Mark R. Wojda
The Effects Of Group Essence Survival On Group Morale, Mark R. Wojda
ETD Archive
Morale has been defined as, "the capacity of a group of people to pull together persistently and consistently in pursuit of a common purpose" (Leighton, 1949, p. 78). What is missing in our understanding of morale is knowing precisely what generates, increases, and decreases morale. One purpose of the current project is to explore these aspects of morale. Specifically, one factor that may boost or drive morale is the survival of the group's identity, or common purpose. The "essence" of a group includes their values, ideals, and identity that may live on even after current members of the group no …
Film Viewing In The Interactive Age, Rachel M. Campbell
Film Viewing In The Interactive Age, Rachel M. Campbell
ETD Archive
Streaming films online has become a popular and unique way to view films. This study was designed to identify the uses and gratifications of using streaming film services, and identify any differences in quality of the streaming experience when compared to the original film. This study drew from past uses and gratifications research on film, television, VCRs, DVDs, and other film-related technologies to develop a survey determining the motivations of both streamers and non-streamers. Additionally a content analysis was used to determine the quality of film presentation when streaming a film online. The survey revealed that the main uses and …
The Changing Face Of The Western: An Analysis Of Hollywood Western Films From Director John Ford And Others During The Years 1939 To 1964, Jeffrey A. Spicer
The Changing Face Of The Western: An Analysis Of Hollywood Western Films From Director John Ford And Others During The Years 1939 To 1964, Jeffrey A. Spicer
ETD Archive
This content analysis uses the entire selection of John Ford's Westerns from 1939 to 1964, as well as top Westerns by other directors over the course of the same years in order to see more universal trends in the Western genre that are not unique only to John Ford. Items involving character portrayals and plot themes are used to ascertain how the films changed during those years. The psychological dimensions of the characters are also important, and it was speculated that a gradual change would take place in the types of character traits that were exhibited in the films. The …
Popular Music Lyrics And Adolescent Sexual Behavior And Attitudes, Elizabeth A. Langdon
Popular Music Lyrics And Adolescent Sexual Behavior And Attitudes, Elizabeth A. Langdon
ETD Archive
This study examines the possible links between music lyrics and adolescent sexual health and behavior. This relationship is first explored through a content analysis of sexual content of popular music lyrics. The findings generally support those of previous content analyses that find sexual content to be increasing, to be used regardless of gender of singer, and to be higher among some genres than others. The study also offers unexpected evidence of a link between lyrical content and cultural happenings that was not formally sought as part of the original study. The study secondly seeks to discover any correlations between sexual …
Preliminary Analysis Of The Geriatric Intelligence Test, Adam W. Fominaya
Preliminary Analysis Of The Geriatric Intelligence Test, Adam W. Fominaya
ETD Archive
The Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence was not designed specifically for older adults. Many potential confounding factors occur with greater frequency in the elderly population and these may make the WASI a less appropriate measure of general cognitive functioning. This preliminary study aimed to develop the Geriatric Intelligence Test (GIT). Items were piloted on older adults (>80) who also completed two WASI Subtests. Preliminary results show that multiple GIT subtests are strong predictors of WASI subtest scores and showed good internal consistency. Results will be used to develop a more parsimonious version of the test
Normative Data Collection And Comparison Of Performance On The Poreh Naming Test To The Boston Naming Test, Orion R. Biesan
Normative Data Collection And Comparison Of Performance On The Poreh Naming Test To The Boston Naming Test, Orion R. Biesan
ETD Archive
Although word-finding difficulty is commonly self-reported by older adults, there are no clinical instruments able to reliably distinguish normal age-related effects from pathology in word-finding impairments. The purpose of this study is two-fold: (1) design and evaluate the validity of the Poreh Naming Test, a novel electronic confrontation naming test used to evaluate naming difficulties in demented populations and (2) to investigate the effect of normal aging word-finding abilities on confrontation naming tests, using both accuracy and response latency as performance indices. A community sample was used with each participant being administered the Boston Naming Test, the Poreh Naming Test, …
Using The Quantified Process Approach In Examination Of The Five Point Test, John R. Skalla
Using The Quantified Process Approach In Examination Of The Five Point Test, John R. Skalla
ETD Archive
The purpose of this study was to collect normative data and test for the reliability of a new strategy index, quantified using a computer-assisted algorithm on the Five-Point Test (FPT), developed by Regard, Strauss, and Knapp (1982). Additionally, the study was aimed at investigating the influence of the new index on the total number of designs and preservative errors. Participants included one hundred and fourteen individuals from Cleveland State University and the community for time one, and sixty two individuals for time two. Participants were administered the Five Point Test and the Delis-Kaplan Design Fluency Test developed by Delis, Kaplan …
Sports Fandom: A Study Of Basking In Reflected Glory, Spiral Of Silence, And Language Use Via Online Social Networks, Shawna L L. Jackson
Sports Fandom: A Study Of Basking In Reflected Glory, Spiral Of Silence, And Language Use Via Online Social Networks, Shawna L L. Jackson
ETD Archive
Emerging technologies and the ever-changing climate of the Internet has helped social networking sites to foster relationships between sports fans and professional sports teams. This study focused on identification a Cleveland Browns fan feels with the team as a predicting factor of emotions, actions, self and group identity, and pronominal usage. An online survey was given to Cleveland Browns fans to determine their level of fandom, Cleveland Browns knowledge, overall media habits, feelings toward the city of Cleveland, personality traits, and demographic information. A content analysis was conducted to determine the pronominal usage, used to indicate a specific distance from …
The Role Of Verbal Aggression And Humor In Father-Son Relationships And Its Impact On Relational Satisfaction, Paul M. Palisin
The Role Of Verbal Aggression And Humor In Father-Son Relationships And Its Impact On Relational Satisfaction, Paul M. Palisin
ETD Archive
The purpose of this study was the examine the role of verbal aggression and humor within the father and adult son relationship. Specifically, the study investigated the relationship between verbal aggression and humor orientation and how this relationship impacted relational satisfaction within the father and son dyad. A total of 101 father and son pairs were surveyed. The Humor Orientation scale (Booth-Butterfield & Booth-Butterfield, 1991) and the Verbal Aggression Scale (Infante & Wigley, 1986) were used to measure communication traits and a modified version of Quality Marriage Index (Norton, 1983) was used to measure relational satisfaction. Generally, most of the …
Incarcerated Mothers' Communication While Separated, Alicia Faith Romano
Incarcerated Mothers' Communication While Separated, Alicia Faith Romano
ETD Archive
The separation and re-unification of the mother and child requires the attention of scholars. Re-establishing a relationship with his or her mother alleviates the threat of the consequences that a child experiences when his or her mother is incarcerated. Fifty three incarcerated mothers were interviewed on their communication with their children while separated. A content analysis was used to gain insight on the types of conflict, conflict strategies, conflict styles, and cause of conflict. Using an interpersonal skill deficiency model this study found that there was a difference between conflicts described as ending negatively and conflicts described as ending positively. …
Of Course A Handgun Can Take Down A Helicopter: Cultivation Effects Of Military-Style Video Games, Michael J. Kurtz
Of Course A Handgun Can Take Down A Helicopter: Cultivation Effects Of Military-Style Video Games, Michael J. Kurtz
ETD Archive
The goal of this study is to add to the literature that extends the theory of cultivation into the realm of video games. Video game studies incorporating cultivation stress the importance of specifying a single genre of video games and measuring the cultivation effect, due to the lack of homogenous content between video games. It is possible that video games are actually an antithesis to the theory of cultivation because of content that is user-generated, which not only dissolves homogeneity between different games, but also the same game. Cultivation research has also suggested that second- order cultivation effects (on attitudes …
Lazy User Theory And Interpersonal Communication Networks, James D. Hayes
Lazy User Theory And Interpersonal Communication Networks, James D. Hayes
ETD Archive
This research examines individual adoption and use of communication technologies through a communication perspective by utilizing concepts from the lazy user theory of solution selection. The user state (individual technology use characteristics) and peer communication are hypothesized to predict switching costs (communication device satisfaction) and laziness. A survey of 687 individuals consisting of college students, Facebook, and Reddit.com users collected data later subjected to exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression. Factor analysis revealed four aspects of user state portable tech-ers, onliners, workers, and relationshipers three types of peer communicators conversationalists, web-referencers, and peer superiors and one type of switching cost, …
The Impact Of Employment Environment And Stereotype Threat On Self-Perceptions And Work Performance Of Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities, Mary Riegelmayer
The Impact Of Employment Environment And Stereotype Threat On Self-Perceptions And Work Performance Of Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities, Mary Riegelmayer
ETD Archive
Community service agencies are advocating for the placement of individuals with intellectual disabilities into community employment positions. Despite training and follow-up services many of these individuals lost their jobs due to inferior performance. One explanation is the possibility that stereotype threat is a causal factor in this phenomenon. Stereotype threat has been linked to poor performance outcomes where the stereotype and performance domain are salient to the individual. Persons with intellectual disabilities may be affected by stereotype threat if the stereotype of mental retardation is salient to them. This study was designed, to investigate whether the stereotype is salient to …
Stigma And Knowledge: A Questionnaire And Literature Review, Melissa L. Pierce
Stigma And Knowledge: A Questionnaire And Literature Review, Melissa L. Pierce
ETD Archive
The main purpose of this study is to show a link between lack of knowledge about mental illness and stigmatizing attitudes towards those with mental illnesses. The first hypothesis, that stigma would be correlated with a lack of knowledge about mental illnesses was confirmed. The majority of results indicate that more knowledge about mental illness in general or about anxiety and/or schizophrenia is associated with less stigmatizing or negative attitudes. Some results didn't support the first hypothesis and these results show that some negative or stigmatizing responses were associated with more estimated knowledge about schizophrenia and/or anxiety.The second hypothesis was …
Time-Of-Day Effects On Younger And Older Adult Executive Functioning, Carly E. Violand
Time-Of-Day Effects On Younger And Older Adult Executive Functioning, Carly E. Violand
ETD Archive
The most recent time-of-day (TOD) body of research has explored how TOD effects can influence certain cognitive domains such as semantic memory, episodic memory, processing speed, and executive functioning (Allen et al., 2008). Research by Horne and Ostberg (1976) has shown how differences in age can be associated with a preference for a certain TOD (i.e., morning or afternoon). Seventy-five percent of adults 65 years or older tend to prefer the morning, whereas fewer than 10 of younger adults tend to prefer the afternoon (Horne & Ostberg, 1976 West et al., 2002). Research by Allen and colleagues (2008) has shown …
Impact Of Sequence And Cognitive Aging On Spatial Learning From Ground Level And Aerial Perspectives, Gregory J. Degirolamo
Impact Of Sequence And Cognitive Aging On Spatial Learning From Ground Level And Aerial Perspectives, Gregory J. Degirolamo
ETD Archive
This study examined the impact of healthy aging on two important factors that are common in spatial learning. The first is the perspective a person views an environment from. The second is the sequence that the items are encountered in the environment. In order to test the effects of these factors on spatial learning, participants watched four videos in which they learned two environments from the ground-level perspective and another two from an aerial perspective. One video of each perspective presented each side of the rectangular layout sequentially and the other presented the layout in a random order. After each …