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Articles 1 - 30 of 39
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
“Satan’S Minions” And “True Believers”: How Criminal Defense Attorneys Employ Quasi-Religious Rhetoric And What It Suggests About Lawyering Culture, Elizabeth H. Webster, Kathleen Powell, Sarah E. Lageson, Valerio Baćak
“Satan’S Minions” And “True Believers”: How Criminal Defense Attorneys Employ Quasi-Religious Rhetoric And What It Suggests About Lawyering Culture, Elizabeth H. Webster, Kathleen Powell, Sarah E. Lageson, Valerio Baćak
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
The notion of law as sacred, and lawyers as righteous saviors, may seem anachronistic in the current context of heavy caseloads and expedited processing in the criminal justice system. Nevertheless, language reflecting these ideals still permeates defense attorneys’ descriptions of their roles, their legal practice, and their relationships to their colleagues and adversaries. We examine this language – specifically, attorneys’ quasi-religious rhetoric – to better understand courtroom dynamics: how attorneys see themselves, their work, their colleagues, and their legal adversaries. In this analysis of semi-structured interviews with 30 defense attorneys, we find that attorneys use of quasi-religious rhetoric manifests as …
Digitizing And Disclosing Personal Data: The Proliferation Of State Criminal Records On The Internet, Sarah Lageson, Elizabeth H. Webster, Juan Sandoval
Digitizing And Disclosing Personal Data: The Proliferation Of State Criminal Records On The Internet, Sarah Lageson, Elizabeth H. Webster, Juan Sandoval
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
Digitization and the release of public records on the Internet have expanded the reach and uses of criminal record data in the United States. This study analyzes the types and volume of personally identifiable data released on the Internet via two hundred public governmental websites for law enforcement, criminal courts, corrections, and criminal record repositories in each state. We find that public disclosures often include information valuable to the personal data economy, including the full name, birthdate, home address, and physical characteristics of arrestees, detainees, and defendants. Using administrative data, we also estimate the volume of data disclosed online. Our …
Digitizing And Disclosing Personal Data: The Proliferation Of State Criminal Records On The Internet, Sarah E. Lageson, Elizabeth H. Webster, Juan R. Sandoval
Digitizing And Disclosing Personal Data: The Proliferation Of State Criminal Records On The Internet, Sarah E. Lageson, Elizabeth H. Webster, Juan R. Sandoval
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
Digitization and the release of public records on the Internet have expanded the reach and uses of criminal record data in the United States. This study analyzes the types and volume of personally identifiable data released on the Internet via two hundred public governmental websites for law enforcement, criminal courts, corrections, and criminal record repositories in each state. We find that public disclosures often include information valuable to the personal data economy, including the full name, birthdate, home address, and physical characteristics of arrestees, detainees, and defendants. Using administrative data, we also estimate the volume of data disclosed online. Our …
The Prosecutor As A Final Safeguard Against False Convictions, Elizabeth H. Webster
The Prosecutor As A Final Safeguard Against False Convictions, Elizabeth H. Webster
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
Prosecutors have helped secure an unprecedented number of recent exonerations. This development, combined with the rapid emergence of district attorney-initiated conviction integrity units (CIUs) raises several questions. How do prosecutors’ offices review postconviction innocence claims? How do they make decisions about the merits of those claims? How do CIU processes differ from non-CIU processes? This study examines the circumstances surrounding prosecutor-assisted exoneration cases through semi-structured interviews with 20 prosecutors and 19 defense attorneys. It draws from a sample of both CIU and non-CIU prosecutors, thereby enabling comparisons. Respondents were asked about their experiences and decision-making structures in specific, post-2005 exoneration …
Postconviction Innocence Review In The Age Of Progressive Prosecution, Elizabeth H. Webster
Postconviction Innocence Review In The Age Of Progressive Prosecution, Elizabeth H. Webster
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
The Article examines how prosecutors adopt legal standards, how they evaluate both forensic and non-forensic new evidence of innocence, and how and when they acknowledge innocence—all in the context of the highly discretionary postconviction arena.
Race, Ethnicity, And Prosecution In Cook County, Illinois, Besiki Luka Kutateladze, Rebecca Richardson, Ryan Meldrum, Don Stemen, David Olson, Elizabeth H. Webster, Maria Arndt, Dylan Matthews, Sadhika Soor
Race, Ethnicity, And Prosecution In Cook County, Illinois, Besiki Luka Kutateladze, Rebecca Richardson, Ryan Meldrum, Don Stemen, David Olson, Elizabeth H. Webster, Maria Arndt, Dylan Matthews, Sadhika Soor
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
The analyses reveal few differences in outcomes across racial/ ethnic groups in Cook County. When looking at case approval, dispositions, and charge reductions for all felony offenses combined, differences in the probability of specific outcomes by race/ethnicity are relatively small after accounting for other case factors such as offense severity or number of charges. For many decision points, differences in the probability of specific outcomes range from just 0 percentage points to 4 percentage points across racial/ethnic groups. When looking at specific offense types – person, weapons, property, drugs – differences in the probability of case approval, dispositions, and charge …
Required, Permissible, And Impermissible Forms Of Federal Judicial Assistance To Self-Represented Litigants: Toward Establishment Of A Judicial Duty Of Reasonable Assistance, Jona Goldschmidt
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
In an effort to assist the judiciary in navigating the seemingly mixed messages coming from the Supreme Court, this paper reviews federal Circuit Court of Appeals case law which discusses required, permissible, and impermissible forms of judicial assistance to SRLs.
The Impact Of The Cook County State’S Attorney’S Office Deferred Prosecution Program, Christine George, John Orwat, Don Stemen, Jennifer Cossyleon, Whitney Key
The Impact Of The Cook County State’S Attorney’S Office Deferred Prosecution Program, Christine George, John Orwat, Don Stemen, Jennifer Cossyleon, Whitney Key
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
This paper analyzes the impact of the Cook County State’s Attorney’s Office Deferred Prosecution Program (DPP) on participation outcome patterns and compares recidivism rates between a sample of DPP participants (695) and a comparison group (991) of defendants found guilty through traditional adjudication from February 28, 2011 and December 5, 2012 with recidivism rates through June 6, 2014. Binary logistic and cox proportional regressions were utilized to evaluate the program. No statistically significant difference in re-arrest rates was found for a sample of DPP participants and a comparison group of defendants found guilty through traditional adjudication. However, DPP did have …
Ghosting: It’S Time To Find Uniformity On Ghostwriting, Jona Goldschmidt
Ghosting: It’S Time To Find Uniformity On Ghostwriting, Jona Goldschmidt
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
There is no way of knowing how many, and for how long, lawyers and nonlawyers have engaged in ghostwriting pleadings to assist pro se litigants — indigent or nonindigent. It is reasonable to assume that many lawyers and others have acted as ghostwriters in order to facilitate greater access to the court, rather than for personal gain. Despite the laudable motives of ghostwriters, ghostwriting has historically been considered an illegitimate form of unbundling legal services because of the spate of federal court opinions opposing the practice on ethical and Rule 11-violation grounds. This article addresses the current anomalous situation in …
Can Community Policing Increase Residents' Informal Social Control? Testing The Impact Of The Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy, Robert M. Lombardo, Chistopher M. Donner
Can Community Policing Increase Residents' Informal Social Control? Testing The Impact Of The Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy, Robert M. Lombardo, Chistopher M. Donner
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
This study examines whether community policing can build informal social control. Specifically, this paper assesses the impact of the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS) in Chicago neighborhoods. The data for this research are drawn from both the Community Survey of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) and the CAPS Prototype Panel Survey. Bivariate and multivariate methods are used to analyze data gathered from 8782 residents nested within 343 neighborhood clusters. Initially, community policing was found to increase informal social control, but this effect was rendered non-significant after controlling for theoretically and empirically relevant variables. Several social (dis)organization …
Beyond The War: The Evolving Nature Of The U.S. Approach To Drugs, Don Stemen
Beyond The War: The Evolving Nature Of The U.S. Approach To Drugs, Don Stemen
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
Over the last forty years, perhaps no issue has affected the United States’s criminal justice system as profoundly as has drug policy. Since President Nixon declared drug abuse “America’s public enemy number one,”1 concerns about the manufacture, distribution, and possession of drugs have remained at the fore of criminal justice policy discussions.2 President Reagan’s subsequent pronouncement of drugs as “an especially vicious virus of crime” set a course for national drug policy that emphasized enforcement and punishment over treatment to “win the war on drugs.”3 Throughout the 1980s, increasing public concern about the effects of drug abuse4 further pressured policymakers …
The Prison Paradox: More Incarceration Will Not Make Us Safer, Don Stemen
The Prison Paradox: More Incarceration Will Not Make Us Safer, Don Stemen
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
No abstract provided.
Leaving The Gang: A Review And Thoughts On Future Research, Dena C. Carson, J. Michael Vecchio
Leaving The Gang: A Review And Thoughts On Future Research, Dena C. Carson, J. Michael Vecchio
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
Researchers have examined aspects of gangs and their members for almost a century. This work, however, focuses primarily on youth prior to joining as well as during gang involvement. While comparatively less is known about the leaving processes, work in this area has been increasing in recent years. This chapter will discuss the growing body of research on the processes associated with leaving the gang. Specifically, it will review difficulties associated with defining gang desistance, theoretical perspectives on desistance, variations in motives, methods, and consequences of leaving, barriers to desistance, as well as make recommendations for policy and future research.
Capital Punishment Reforms In Illinois: Comparing The Views Of Police, Prosecutors, And Public Defenders, Robert M. Lombardo, David Olson
Capital Punishment Reforms In Illinois: Comparing The Views Of Police, Prosecutors, And Public Defenders, Robert M. Lombardo, David Olson
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
On 9 March 2011, Governor Patrick Quinn abolished capital punishment in Illinois stating that the state’s system of imposing the death penalty was inherently flawed. Quinn’s announcement followed an eleven-year effort to end the death penalty that began with a 2000 moratorium on executions imposed by then Governor George Ryan. This moratorium was the direct result of the appellate reversal of a series of death-row convictions. Prompted by these reversals, Ryan also created the Governor’s Commission on Capital Punishment to study the use of the death penalty in Illinois. As a result of this effort, comprehensive legislation was enacted to …
Youth Gangs: An Overview Of Key Findings And Directions For The Future, Terrance J. Taylor, J. Michael Vecchio
Youth Gangs: An Overview Of Key Findings And Directions For The Future, Terrance J. Taylor, J. Michael Vecchio
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
Youth gangs have received considerable attention for many decades. Undoubtedly, their disproportionate involvement in violence is one main reason for this attention. While gang members spend most of their lives engaging in the same types of behaviors as other youth (sleeping, eating, playing video games, going to school), they are also much more likely than non-gang members to be involved in violence and other criminal activity. Indeed, scholars have often highlighted the functional nature of violence as it pertains to gangs.
Gangs come in a variety of forms: prison gangs, outlaw motorcycle gangs, extremist groups, and drug trafficking organizations, among …
The Role Of Violence Within And Across Self-Identified Gang Youth, J. Michael Vecchio
The Role Of Violence Within And Across Self-Identified Gang Youth, J. Michael Vecchio
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
Within the field of criminology, increased attention has been afforded to the influence and importance of individual exposure to violence and victimization. Research has demonstrated that violence – whether actual or anticipated – is not distributed evenly across individuals, but is amplified during the period of adolescence and is strongly influenced by individual risky behavior. Perhaps for no other group has the role of violence been more pronounced than in the lives of gang affiliated youth. Whether actual (i.e., direct and vicarious victimization) or anticipated (i.e., fear of crime and perceived risk of victimization) violence, gang youth commonly discuss violence …
An Examination Of Felony Case Processing In The Circuit Court Of Cook County, 2000-2012, Don Stemen
An Examination Of Felony Case Processing In The Circuit Court Of Cook County, 2000-2012, Don Stemen
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
This research bulletin provides an examination of felony cases filed in the Circuit Court of Cook County between 2000 and 2012. The examination considers trends in the volume of felony cases filed, the percent of cases disposed of within twelve months of filing, and the average length of time to dispose of cases. The analyses indicate that the number of felony cases filed in Cook County has decreased over the last decade and the percentage of felony cases disposed of within 12 months of filing has increased during the same period. However, the time to case disposition has increased -- …
Drivers Of The Sentenced Population: Probation Analysis, David E. Olson, Donald Stemen, Sema Taheri, Michelle D. Mioduszewski
Drivers Of The Sentenced Population: Probation Analysis, David E. Olson, Donald Stemen, Sema Taheri, Michelle D. Mioduszewski
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
The report examines trends in the number and characteristics of felony probation sentences and caseloads in Illinois, as well as short-term outcomes measures for those discharged from felony probation. The research was performed in collaboration with the Administrative Office of the Illinois Courts and the Illinois Sentencing Policy Advisory Council.
Once Bitten, Thrice Wise: The Varying Effects Of Victimization On Routine Activities And Risk Management, J. Michael Vecchio
Once Bitten, Thrice Wise: The Varying Effects Of Victimization On Routine Activities And Risk Management, J. Michael Vecchio
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
While the relationship between offending and victimization is well established, less is understood about what contributes to the varied effects of victimization on future behavior. Drawing on qualitative interviews from a sample of at-risk men, the study explores recognized and unrecognized effects of victimization on subsequent behavior and management of lifestyle risks both within and across narratives. Findings demonstrate a range of perceived effects on behavior and risk management, with the presence or absence of substantive effects related to whether the event was both severe and directly attributable to involvement in at-risk behavior. Consequences for the victimization–termination hypothesis are discussed.
A Profile Of Women Released Into Cook County Communities From Jail And Prison, Gipsy Escobar, David Olson
A Profile Of Women Released Into Cook County Communities From Jail And Prison, Gipsy Escobar, David Olson
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
This testimoney presented at the Cook County, Illinois Commission on Women's Issues hearing on incarceration summarizes the characteristics of women admitted to the Cook County, Illinois, Jail, how these compare to male detainees, and the criminal history and specific communities detainees resided in before their incarceration.
Population Dynamics And The Characteristics Of Inmates In The Cook County Jail, David E. Olson, Sema Taheri
Population Dynamics And The Characteristics Of Inmates In The Cook County Jail, David E. Olson, Sema Taheri
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
An overview of the population characteristics and population dynamics in the Cook County Illinois Jail in 2011.
The Impact Of Mandatory Supervised Release (Msr) And Time Served On Idoc's Population, David E. Olson, Donald Stemen
The Impact Of Mandatory Supervised Release (Msr) And Time Served On Idoc's Population, David E. Olson, Donald Stemen
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
This presentation provided an overview of the impact that violators of Mandatory Supervised Release (MSR or "parole") had on Illinois' prison admissions and prison population as well as an overview of changes in sentences and time served by those admitted to prison in Illinois.
Illinois Felony Sentencing: A Retrospective, David E. Olson, Donald Stemen
Illinois Felony Sentencing: A Retrospective, David E. Olson, Donald Stemen
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
This research bulletin provides an overview of forces that have influenced the number of felons under the supervision of Illinois' justice system, including crime and arrest trends, sentencing policies and practices related to probation and prison sentences.
Characteristics Of Inmates In The Cook County Jail, David E. Olson
Characteristics Of Inmates In The Cook County Jail, David E. Olson
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
Provides a detailed description of the characteristics of those admitted to and released from the Cook County Jail in 2010.
Cook County Sheriff's Reentry Council Quarterly Update (Volume 2, Issue 2: October 2010), David E. Olson
Cook County Sheriff's Reentry Council Quarterly Update (Volume 2, Issue 2: October 2010), David E. Olson
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
INSIDE THIS ISSUE:
- First Virtual High School class graduates
- Enhanced grant-funding efforts
- In-Service Event success
- Grant money received to improve reentry programming
- Pre-trial detention times relatively long
- Inmate deaths in the national context
The Forty-Two Gang: The Unpublished Landesco Manuscripts, Robert M. Lombardo
The Forty-Two Gang: The Unpublished Landesco Manuscripts, Robert M. Lombardo
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
This paper examines Chicago's Forty-Two Gang. The Forty-Two Gang is one of the most famous groups in gang history, yet we know very little about the gang. Combining data from published and archival sources, this paper provides a history of the gang and explores its impact on the emergence of the Outfit, the traditional organized crime group in Chicago. The archival sources used in this analysis come from the unpublished John Landesco manuscript collection. The manuscripts not only provide a rich source of information on the Forty-Two Gang, but also a fresh look at the diffusion of delinquency subcultures and …
Cook County Sheriff's Reentry Council Quarterly Update (Volume 2, Issue 1: February 2010), David E. Olson
Cook County Sheriff's Reentry Council Quarterly Update (Volume 2, Issue 1: February 2010), David E. Olson
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
INSIDE THIS ISSUE:
- First-ever in-reach services to jail detainees
- Jail average daily population increases in 2009
- DWJS receives grant to enhance mental-health services for women
- Day Reporting Center reduces recidivism, enhances transition to community
- By the numbers: a comparison of male and female jail detainees
“Messin’ With Drugs…You Could Lose Your Life”: The Effect Of Victimization On Routine Activities And Risk Management, J. Michael Vecchio
“Messin’ With Drugs…You Could Lose Your Life”: The Effect Of Victimization On Routine Activities And Risk Management, J. Michael Vecchio
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
Decades of research have helped to identify that victims and offenders are not opposing parts of the crime equation (Esbensen & Huizinga, 1991), but often are intertwined as part of a homogeneous population (Lauritsen & Laub, 2007). Those with the greatest likelihood of experiencing personal or property victimization are those who report offending or substance using behaviors (Gottfredson, 1984; Jensen & Brownfield, 1986; Sampson & Lauritsen, 1990). This increased victimization risk is commonly related to the amount of time spent in situations with greater proximity to motivated offenders and a lack of supervision (Cohen & Felson, 1979; Hindelang, Gottfredson, & …
Study Methodology, Jody Miller, Mark Debarr, Hyan Namgung, J. Michael Vecchio, Stephanie Wiley
Study Methodology, Jody Miller, Mark Debarr, Hyan Namgung, J. Michael Vecchio, Stephanie Wiley
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
Data for this investigation come from 36 qualitative in-depth interviews completed between February and April 2010. The aim of the research was to conduct a process evaluation of Gateway Foundation programming for state probation and parole clients in St. Louis and jointly produce a final report for the organization. The specific research questions focused on (1) the challenges men face as they attempt to overcome substance abuse; (2) how those challenges are related to past experiences with crime, including offending and victimization; and (3) the effectiveness of Gateway programming, from the points of view of program participants, including whether there …
Cook County Sheriff's Reentry Council Quarterly Update (Volume 1, Issue 1: September, 2009), David E. Olson
Cook County Sheriff's Reentry Council Quarterly Update (Volume 1, Issue 1: September, 2009), David E. Olson
Criminal Justice & Criminology: Faculty Publications & Other Works
INSIDE THIS ISSUE:
- Sheriff Forms Reentry Council
- First systematic effort to measure recidivism of jail releasees in Cook County
- During calendar year (CY)2008, more than 74,985 individuals were booked into the Cook County Jail nearly 93,000 times
- Reentry Council produces video for detainees
- Sheriff applies for federal support forreentry programs
- Cook County Jail is the largest single-site jail facility in the country
- 85% of males booked into Cook County Jail tested positive for illegal drugs in 2008