Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

A Study Of The Relationships Between Hemispheric Asymmetries And Intellectual Abilities, Anne Mcshane

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study investigated the functional significance of cerebral asymmetries. Width measurements of the human brain were derived from computerized tomographic (CT) films and related to intellectual variables as determined by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Revised (WAIS-R). Subjects were adults of both sexes who had been referred for neurologic examination and were diagnosed as having no abnormalities (N=28). Reasons for referral included headache, dizziness, or to rule out central nervous system damage following various types of trauma. The asymmetry of hemispheric widths (left minus right) in the frontal, temporoparietal, and occipital areas was correlated with Verbal IQ minus Performance IQ …

Poverty And Migration: Synthesis Of Macrolevel And Microlevel Perspectives Of Migration, Keywon Cheong

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study assesses effects of contextual and personal characteristics on the migration propensities of individuals, with primary focus on several measurements of individual poverty status and the poverty level of the residential areas. The restricted opportunity perspective on poverty, the human capital perspective and the microeconomic perspective on migration, are the major frameworks guiding the study. Logistic regression analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of the Youth Cohort and from the 1983 County and City Data Book is employed to investigate differences in the Migration behavior between the poor and nonpoor, and significant main and interactive effects of …

Anglers' Attitudes Toward The Fisheries Management Policies Of The Logan And Blacksmith Fork Rivers, Utah, Larry Edwin Riley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In the summer of 1986, anglers along three sections of the Logan and Blacksmith Fork Rivers, Utah were surveyed as to their attitudes toward fish stocking, habitat improvement, and wild trout management policies. Information concerning socio-demographic characteristics and ang ling values were ascertained as well. Data were cross tabulated to determine which of the variab les influence anglers' attitudes toward spec ifi c fisheries manage ment policies and the type of angling opportunity provided.

The analysis of data show d differences between the types of anglers using the three sample sections. The data showed that variables such as preferred angling …

An Analysis Of Some Effects Of China's Foreign Trade On Its Economy, Wei Jiang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The central planning board in China issues orders to each economic agent mainly through two channels, ministries and provinces. These orders become the targets for every specific economic agent. The orders to the Foreign Trade Ministry become the targets for all import and export corporations, provincial foreign trade bureaus, and branch corporations. The activities of all branch corporations comprise China's foreign trade business.

The activities of the foreign trade sector are certainly influenced by features of the entire economy such as the domestic fixed-price system and labor immobility. These factors not only constrain foreign trade activities but also cause inefficiency …

The Self-Perceived Need For Parent Education By Divorced Parents, T. Wayne Hunsaker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the self perceived needs of divorced parents for parent education. Five independent variables, age, sex, income level, education, and time since divorce were analyzed. The survey was organized into three major parts with sub-headings. The survey questions asked divorced parents what parent education resources they used before, after divorce, and use now or in the future. Other questions asked what content these resources should contain. The survey was completed in Houston Texas, and Ogden, Utah with a total N of 38.

The results of the analysis indicated there was no significant differences …

Food Practices And Ritual In The Family Across Three Generations, Audrey Crawford Liddil

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The overall purpose of this study was to assess family patterns in regard to food practices and family rituals that occur in all families. Specifically, four major purposes were considered in this study: (a) to learn more about generational food practices and how they are passed from one generation to the next, (b) to analyze demographic factors in relation to food related practices, (c) to understand the role of family ritual in family food practices, and (d) to learn how family food practices impact the dietary patterns for society at large.

The data were obtained in February am March of …

Pms: Bi-Phasic Differences In Personality And Marital Relations Among A Clinical Sample, Donna R. Rogers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a controversial and widely misunderstood syndrome which encompasses mood, behavior, and physical symptoms that occur cyclically and are associated with the menstrual cycle. Many women report suffering from recurring PMS symptoms severe enough to create a temporary physical or mental incapacitation which may affect the marital relationship. A study was initiated to document bi-phasic personality and marital changes related to PMS.

This sample consisted of 119 adult females and their husbands, ranging in age between 18 and 60, who sought diagnosis and treatment at the Utah PMS Center in Salt Lake City, Utah. Within this clinical …

The Relationship Between The Content Component Of Cognitive Moral Development And Premarital Sexual Standards, Janet H. Anderson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between the content of moral thought and premarital sexual standards. The sample used (n=159) was homogeneous and purposive; the majority of the sample was female, second year college students, and Caucasian. A discriminant analysis using the sexual standards of permissiveness with affection and the traditional standard as dependent variables, and the moral constructs of egoism, hedonism, nonhedonism, utilitarianism, deontology, rule-utilitarianism, act-utilitarianism, rule-orientation, and act-orientation as independent (predictor) variables was run. This analysis resulted in a final model in which egoism, hedonism, nonhedonism, act-utilitarianism, and rule-orientation were found to …

Identity And Intimacy: A Correlational Or Casual Connection?, Patricia A.H. Dyk

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlational and casual connection between identity and intimacy development in later adolescents using lagged data and multiple measures of each construct. Developmental paths were hypothesized from four theoretically based models and designed to investigate gender and sex role orientation differences in the relationship of identity and intimacy formation. Identity was measured by the Revised Version of the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status. Both identity and intimacy were assessed by the Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory and the Inventory of Psychosocial Development. The Bem Sex Role Inventory and the …

The Relative Susceptibilities Of Interresponse Times And Post-Reinforcement Pauses To Differential Reinforcement, Nancy L. Trapp

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Post-reinforcement pauses (PRP) and interresponse times (IRTs) were examined to determine if these two temporal units changed in a similar fashion as a function of the delivery of differential reinforcement. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, four pigeons were exposed to a series of procedures in which PRP and IRT durations were gradually increased and then decreased. A fixed-ratio two (FR 2) differentiation schedule was used. Reinforcement was delivered if the PRP or IRT durations were greater than (PRP > and IRT > procedures) or less than (PRP < and IRT < procedures) specified temporal criteria. Criteria were gradually changed across procedures. Results showed that PRPs and IRTs changed in accordance with the differential reinforcement as specified by the various contingencies. When PRPs and IRTs were free to vary, the PRPs tended to change in a direction consistent with the IRT shaping contingencys whereas, the IRTs tended to shorten regardless of the PRP shaping contingency. In Experiment 2, two subjects were exposed to both an FR 2 and FR 1 schedule to determine if schedule size influenced the effects obtained on the differentiation procedures. PRPs were systematically changed using a differentiation procedure with a response requirement of either FR 1 or FR 2. Results showed similar changes in PRP durations between FR 1 and FR 2 differentiation procedures. An analysis of errors made on each shaping condition in both experiments was conducted to determine whether PRPs or IRTs were more susceptible to the differential reinforcement contingencies. Fewer errors were made on the PRP shaping conditions, indicating that PRPs were more easily changed. Implications for a comprehensive theory of reinforcement were discussed.

Investigation Of Patient Anxiety, Patient Satisfaction, And Dental Student Behaviors, Mary Kathryn Morris

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The present study examined the effect of information about patient's dental anxiety on patient satisfaction, patient discomfort, and patients' perceptions of dental student behaviors. The validity of patients' perceptions was examined by independent observation of dental student behaviors on videotaped dental screening visits.

Thirty dental students each examined two dentally anxious female patients. Each student received information about one of the patient' s dental anxiety and no information about the other. The order of presentation of the conditions information and no information was counterbalanced. The dependent measures were the Dentist Behavior Checklist, the Dental Visit Satisfaction Scale, the Patient Discomfort …

Academic Achievement Of Bereaved Children: Comparison With A Nonbereaved Population, Rebecca W. Valcarce

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this research was to study the effects of bereavement on the academic achievement of secondary school students who had lost a parent through death by comparing them with students attending the same schools but who were living with both natural parents. The subjects in both groups were matched on pretest scores and demographic characteristics at the beginning of the study. Achievement posttest scores and overall high school grade point averages of both groups were compared using ANCOVA and multiple regression analyses. None of the analyses were found to be statistically significant, implying that academic achievement is not …

The Effects Of A Pre-Therapy Client Orientation On Clients In Psychotherapy, Nels Sather

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this research was to assess the effects of a pre-therapy client orientation on clients admitted to a mental health center. A secondary purpose was to develop an effective and brief audio-visual orientation that would positively influence clients in therapy. It was hypothesized that a pre-therapy orientation would significantly reduce client no shows and cancellations, increase client fee payment, increase client level of psychological functioning, and increase client satisfaction with mental health services. None of the four hypotheses was supported by the research. A questionnaire filled out by the therapists involved in the study, after the data were …

The Effect Of An Early Sensorimotor Intervention Program On The Development Of Infants With Perinatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage, Janet Millard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Our current ability to identify and appropriately treat infants who are at risk for developing various handicapping conditions is limited. Thus, research aimed at developing early diagnostic techniques and differential intervention programs for infants at risk for handicaps needs further attention. The purpose of this study was to determine if infants who suffered perinatal intraventricular hemorrhage and who received routine medical care plus sensorimotor intervention between 3 and 12 months of age, differed from similar infants who received only routine medical care.

Twenty-four subjects (10 experimental and 14 control) who were patients in neonatal intensive care at University of Utah …

Crime Victims And The Media: A Comparison Of Newspaper Coverage In The Los Angeles Times From 1969 To 1985, Cory J. La Bianca

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper was to compare the newspaper coverage of crime victims in five mass murder cases covered by the Los Angeles Times over a 16-year period from 1969 to 1985. Specific cases studied included the 1969 Manson murders, the 1976 Cal State Fullerton murders, the 1977-78 Hillside Strangler serial murders, the 1984 San Ysidro McDonald's restaurant massacre and the 1985 Night Stalker serial killings. Coverage of each incident was analyzed, with particular attention paid to coverage of crime victims. Subtle but significant changes in the treatment of crime victims were reported. The Los Angeles Times was found …

Study Of America's Adopt-A-Horse (Or Burro) Program, Peter A. Lawson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study analyzes aspects of Wild and Free-Roaming Horse and Burro adoptions. After primary data are gathered by a questionnaire sent to wild horse and burro adopters, various statistics, and regression test results are reported, which indicate that the demand for the wild horses is multifaceted and that the wild animals are not a homogeneous product. The results overwhelmingly indicate that young and female horses are preferred by the majority of adopters. This finding had supportive evidence in both a price determination model as well as adopters' responses to the survey that was conducted as a part of this study. …

Measuring Natural Resource Scarcity Under Common Property Environment And Uncertainty: An Interpretive Analysis, Soumendra N. Ghosh

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The issue of natural resource scarcity has so far been addressed in the literature on the basis of various measures such as the unit cost of production, the relative market price, and the shadow price of a resource. Although it has been recognized that there exists some kind of jointness (sometimes inseparable) between an extractible resource and its surrounding environment, none of the measures, either theoretically or empirically, have included this concern.

In order to extract and use a natural resource (e.g., coal) the environment (air, water, etc.) must also be used as a repository of the discharged wastes (e.g., …

Demographic And Professional Dimensions Of Child Care Providers, Carol Joan Armga

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this investigation was to develop a demographic profile of current child care providers in 3 selected Western states. Further, this study sought to assess dimensions of professionally in the day to day activities of child care workers.

Utilizing a mailed questionnaire, 226 child care providers in Salt Lake City, Utah; Eugene, Oregon; and Boise, Idaho were surveyed for information on demographics and professional dimensions. Results suggest that the demographic profile created by a cross-sectional sample of child care providers differs markedly from a profile created by a sample based on professional affiliation. Statistical analyses suggest that education …

Attitudes Toward Seeking Financial Counseling: Instrument Development, Janeen Cook

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this research was to establish the validity and reliability of the scores on an instrument which assesses attitudes toward seeking help for financial problems . Content, criterion-related, and construct validity and internal consistency reliability of the scores on the instrument were examined. The Hughes' conceptual model of the Family in Financial Crisis provided the theoretical basis for this study .

The sample size of this study was 510. The instrument evaluated was based on a scale developed by Rimm (1975) to assess attitudes toward seeking help for financial problems. Total scores on the 16-item instrument ranged from …

Parent-Adolescent Sexual Attitude Congruence In Relation To Adolescent Sexual Intercourse Experience, John Kelly Mccoy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Survey data from 472 adolescents (ages 14-19) and their parents were analyzed to examine the relationship that existed between the premarital sexual attitudes of parents and the sexual behavior of their adolescents. The attitudes of the adolescents and their parents were measured using Likert type questions about sexual Intercourse prior to marriage. The sexual behavior of adolescents was based on the responses of the adolescents regarding their frequency of necking, petting, and sexual Intercourse. The relationship between adolescents' sexual behavior and parents' attitudes was examined using several different conceptual models. The amount of attitude agreement that mothers and fathers had …

Long-Term Effectiveness Of Educational Intervention On The Assertiveness, Self-Esteem, And Well-Being Of Displaced Homemakers, Marc F. Mathias

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine if educational intervention could cause a decrease in distress, and if so would this change last up to a year. The sample consisted of displaced homemakers from three Northern Utah counties enrolled in a seminar (educational intervention) to prepare for the development of employment skills. Pre-test, post-test and follow-up tests were given to measure the change in stress. The three measures used to determine the psychological preparation (a reduction in distress level) were assertiveness, self-esteem and well-being. It was concluded that the educational intervention did reduce the distress level and that the …

Multiple-Stimulus Discrimination And Stimulus Overselectivity With Preschool Children, Maria C. Quintero

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Stimulus overselectivity is said to occur when behavior is under the control of a restricted set of stimuli from a stimulus complex. Three studies investigated the effects of specific multiple-stimulus training histories upon the overselective responding of normal preschool children.

In Experiment 1, eight children 3 to 5 years of age, were trained to discriminate forms presented on cards. Each form was labelled with a nonsense syllable, and each card (multiple stimulus) consisted of two forms. A time-delay training procedure was used. Four subjects were trained using Concurrent training in which two of the three S- response choices contained components …

A Comprehensive Treatment Program For Abusive Parents: An Exploratory Study, Marvin Kim Marvel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Estimates of the incidence of child abuse range from 200,000 to 500,000 (Light, 1973) to over one million children each year (O'Brien, 1980). Child abuse is a leading cause of childhood death and injury (Starr, 1979). Demographic studies (e.g., Steele & Pollock, 1968) suggest that parents who abuse their children were often abused or neglected themselves. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that many of the present victims of abuse will become abusing parents in the future unless the cycle is broken. The need for effective interventions to reduce this pervasive social problem is obvious.

An Investigation Of The Five-Term Contingency And The Conditional Control Of Equivalence Relations, Richard W. Serna

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the study of human operant behavior. One area of study reflecting this interest is the study of the formation of equivalent classes of stimuli by human subjects. The focus of the present research was the study of the conditions under which classes of equivalent stimuli can be inferred to be under conditional control.

In Experiment 1-A, three college students were trained to respond to a balanced five-term contingency via a visual-visual simultaneous matching-to-sample task with two choices of comparison stimuli. Probe tests showed that subjects' behavior could be described as …

Using Music In Teaching Social Skills To Mentally Retarded Subjects, Tamara Barron-Johnson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which Melodies to Assist Social Interaction (MASI) would affect the social skills performance of the educable mentally retarded.

The study employed a pretest-posttest control group design with an N of 27 mentally-retarded subjects. It also employed a one-group pretest-posttest design with an N of 8 non-mentally retarded subjects.

All of the subjects received a pre- and post-score for their social skills performance level. Nineteen of the mentally-retarded subjects and all eight non-mentally retarded subjects received the MASI social skills teaching program as part of their regular curriculum.

The pre- …

Verbal Interactions Among Elementary Students With The Jigsaw Ii Learning Method, Katherine Gilbert

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The cooperative learning method, Jigsaw II, was implemented in a grade four social studies class for the purpose of examining the verbal interactions among students as they learned from each other. Jigsaw II is structured to enhance cooperation because each student has exclusive information that is needed by other group members to do well on a test. It was hypothesized that the more capable students in a heterogeneous learning group would help the less capable ones learn the material. As the lower ability students gained proficiency in teaching their information, the variance in the rates of speaking would be less …

Sexual Orientation And Capacity For Intimacy, Sandra Lee Harshbarger

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Capacity for intimacy was examined as a function of sexual orientation. Sixty-six volunteers comprised four groups: heterosexual males, homosexual males, heterosexual females and homosexual females. Subjects' ages ranged from 19 to 61 and education levels ranged from 10 to 21 years of schooling. The four groups were comparable in terms of age, education level and general mental health.

Each volunteer responded to the following instruments: the Orlofsky Intimacy Interview (questionnaire format), the Yufit Intimacy-Isolation Questionnaire, the Rubin Like Scale, the Rubin Love Scale and the Gordon Personal Profile (used to assess general mental health) . Responses were compiled and analyzed …