Social and Behavioral Sciences | Open Access Articles

Enhancing Transparency Of The Research Process To Increase Accuracy Of Findings: A Guide For Relationship Researchers, Lorne Campbell, Timothy J. Loving, Etienne P. Lebel

Psychology Publications

The purpose of this paper is to extend to the field of relationship science, recent discussions and suggested changes in open research practises. We demonstrate different ways that greater transparency of the research process in our field will accelerate scientific progress by increasing accuracy of reported research findings. Importantly, we make concrete recommendations for how relationship researchers can transition to greater disclosure of research practices in a manner that is sensitive to the unique design features of methodologies employed by relationship scientists. We discuss how to implement these recommendations for four different research designs regularly used in relationship research and …

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The Epidemic Of Mental And Neurological Health, Mohsyn I. Malik

Psychology Publications

This paper composes an image of modern mental and neurological health issues and looks to draw links to the current epidemic based on research and studies found online the internet and off-line. The goal is to examine what may be the underlying problem for a lot of these increases in mental health issues and neurodegenerative diseases and what are some promising clinical and sociocultural advances that may help. It explores problems such as the negative impact of the pharmaceutical giants, the increase in apathy in the work place and the general stigma towards mental disease. Through current research, the use …

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Sex Differences In Self-Regulation: An Evolutionary Perspective, Niki Hosseini-Kamkar, J. Bruce Morton

Psychology Publications

Bjorklund and Kipp (1996) provide an evolutionary framework predicting that there is a female advantage in inhibition and self-regulation due to differing selection pressures placed on males and females. The majority of the present review will summarize sex differences in self-regulation at the behavioral level. The neural and hormonal underpinnings of this potential sexual dimorphism will also be investigated and the results of the experiments summarized will be related to the hypothesis advanced by Bjorklund and Kipp (1996). Paradoxically, sex differences in self-regulation are more consistently reported in children prior to the onset of puberty. In adult cohorts, the results …

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Polish Version Of The Cognitive Distortions Scale (Cds): Preliminary Validation And Personality Correlates, Tomasz Besta, Agata Barczak, Aleksandra Lewandowska-Walter, David J. A. Dozois

Psychology Publications

Background
The aim of the two research studies presented in this article was to test the reliability and validity of the Polish version of the Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS). The relation of the CDS to psychological measures of well-being and other theoretically relevant variables was also explored.

Participants and procedure
Two correlational studies were conducted with psychology undergraduate students and their family members (n = 196 and n = 90, respectively). Participants completed a paper-pencil set of questionnaires that contained measures of cognitive errors (study 1) and scales related to perceived quality of life and psychological well-being (study 2).

Results …

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The Reliability Of The N400 In Single Subjects: Implications For Patients With Disorders Of Consciousness, Damian Cruse, Steve Beukema, Srivas Chennu, Jeffrey G. Malins, Adrian M. Owen, Ken Mcrae

Psychology Publications

Functional neuroimaging assessments of residual cognitive capacities, including those that support language, can improve diagnostic and prognostic accuracy in patients with disorders of consciousness. Due to the portability and relative inexpensiveness of electroencephalography, the N400 event-related potential component has been proposed as a clinically valid means to identify preserved linguistic function in non-communicative patients. Across three experiments, we show that changes in both stimuli and task demands significantly influence the probability of detecting statistically significant N400 effects — that is, the difference in N400 amplitudes caused by the experimental manipulation. In terms of task demands, passively heard linguistic stimuli were …

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Introduction To The Special Issue: Cognitive Mechanisms Of Change In The Treatment Of Depression, David J. A. Dozois, Lena C. Quilty

Psychology Publications

Depression is a highly debilitating and recurrent mental health condition. Efforts to understand the mechanisms of cognitive change in the treatment of depression are important to optimize psychotherapy outcome and to prevent relapse and recurrence. The articles in this special issue examine cognitive change in cognitive behavioral therapy by incorporating clinical samples and clinical settings, utilizing empirically supported assessment instruments and protocolized psychotherapy techniques, and employing methodologies and statistical strategies designed to address questions related to cognitive mechanisms in treatment outcome. These articles examine the role of cognitive processing, structure, and content over the course of cognitive therapy for depression …

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Cognitive Structure And Processing During Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Vs. Pharmacotherapy For Depression, Lena C. Quilty, David J. A. Dozois, Daniela S.S. Lobo, Lakshmi N. Ravindran, R. Michael Bagby

Psychology Publications

Evidence has converged to suggest that cognitive processing and content covary with depression severity, whereas indices of cognitive structure exhibit greater stability and promise as markers of vulnerability for depression. The objective of the current study was to investigate the temporal dynamics and causal role of cognitive structure and processing in treatment for depression. Method: A total of 104 patients with major depressive disorder were randomized to receive cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT; n = 54) or pharmacotherapy (n = 50). Patients completed the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Psychological Distance Scaling Task (PDST), Redundancy Card-Sorting …

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Parental Depression And Child Cognitive Vulnerability Predict Children's Cortisol Reactivity, Elizabeth P. Hayden, Benjamin L. Hankin, Sarah V.M. Mackrell, Haroon I. Sheikh, Patricia L. Jordan, David J. A. Dozois, Shiva M. Singh, Thomas M. Olino, Lisa S. Badanes

Psychology Publications

Risk for depression is expressed across multiple levels of analysis. For example, parental depression and cognitive vulnerability are known markers of depression risk, but no study has examined their interactive effects on children's cortisol reactivity, a likely mediator of early depression risk. We examined relations across these different levels of vulnerability using cross-sectional and longitudinal methods in two community samples of children. Children were assessed for cognitive vulnerability using self-reports (Study 1; n = 244) and tasks tapping memory and attentional bias (Study 2; n = 205), and their parents were assessed for depression history using structured clinical interviews. In …

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Changes In Core Beliefs (Early Maladaptive Schemas) And Self-Representation In Cognitive Therapy And Pharmacotherapy For Depression, David J. A. Dozois, Peter J. Bieling, Lyndsay E. Evraire, Irene Patelis-Siotis, Lori Hoar, Susan Chudzik, Katie Mccabe, Henny A. Westra

Psychology Publications

Randomized clinical trials suggest that cognitive therapy (CT) is comparable to antidepressant medication for the acute treatment of depression. Compelling data also indicate that CT has an added prophylactic benefit relative to pharmacotherapy (PT). The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive change in CT for depression. Participants (N = 42) met diagnostic criteria for a current major depressive episode and were randomly assigned to CT + PT or PT. Participants completed indices of depressive symptomatology, core beliefs (i.e., early maladaptive schemas), and self-attribute redundancy before and after therapy. Self-attribute redundancy was conceptualized as a form of schema …

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Influence Of Priming Attachment Styles On Excessive Reassurance Seeking And Negative Feedback Seeking In Depression, Lyndsay E. Evraire, Jaclyn A. Ludmer, David J.A. Dozois

Psychology Publications

Two studies examined the associations among attachment styles, excessive reassurance seeking (ERS) and negative feedback seeking (NFS) in depression. In Study 1 (n = 303), undergraduate students completed measures assessing attachment style, depressive symptoms, and ERS following either an imaginary interpersonal (friend and partner) or achievement prime. In Study 2 (n = 202), undergraduates completed the same measures in addition to completing an index of NFS following an imaginary interpersonal (partner) and achievement prime. Controlling for symptoms of depression, anxious attachment was positively related to ERS, and avoidant attachment was negatively related to ERS and positively associated with …

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If It Be Love Indeed Tell Me How Much: Early Core Beliefs Associated With Excessive Reassurance Seeking In Depression., Lyndsay E. Evraire, David J. A. Dozois

Psychology Publications

This study explored core beliefs associated with excessive reassurance seeking (ERS) in depression. Undergraduate students (n = 303) completed measures of early maladaptive schemas, attachment styles, ERS, and depression, along with a subsequent measure of depressive symptoms 6 weeks later. Anxious attachment, avoidant attachment, and an abandonment/instability schema each added to the prediction of ERS beyond the effects of depression. Moreover, avoidant attachment and the abandonment/instability schema moderated the relationship between ERS and depression over time. These results are consistent with the idea that individuals with early core beliefs reflecting insecurity in relationships seek reassurance. The findings also suggest …

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Cognitive Structure And Processing During Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Vs. Pharmacotherapy For Depression, Lena C. Quilty, David J. A. Dozois, Daniela S.S. Lobo, Lakshmi N. Ravindran, Michael L. Bagby

Psychology Publications

Background: Evidence has converged to suggest that cognitive processing and content covary with depression severity, whereas indices of cognitive structure exhibit greater stability and promise as markers of vulnerability for depression. The objective of the current study was to investigate the temporal dynamics and causal role of cognitive structure and processing in treatment for depression. Method: A total of 104 patients with major depressive disorder were randomized to receive cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT; n = 54) or pharmacotherapy (n = 50). Patients completed the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Psychological Distance Scaling Task (PDST), Redundancy …

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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Enhancing Transparency Of The Research Process To Increase Accuracy Of Findings: A Guide For Relationship Researchers, Lorne Campbell, Timothy J. Loving, Etienne P. Lebel

Psychology Publications

The Epidemic Of Mental And Neurological Health, Mohsyn I. Malik

Psychology Publications

Sex Differences In Self-Regulation: An Evolutionary Perspective, Niki Hosseini-Kamkar, J. Bruce Morton

Psychology Publications

Polish Version Of The Cognitive Distortions Scale (Cds): Preliminary Validation And Personality Correlates, Tomasz Besta, Agata Barczak, Aleksandra Lewandowska-Walter, David J. A. Dozois

Psychology Publications

The Reliability Of The N400 In Single Subjects: Implications For Patients With Disorders Of Consciousness, Damian Cruse, Steve Beukema, Srivas Chennu, Jeffrey G. Malins, Adrian M. Owen, Ken Mcrae

Psychology Publications

Introduction To The Special Issue: Cognitive Mechanisms Of Change In The Treatment Of Depression, David J. A. Dozois, Lena C. Quilty

Psychology Publications

Cognitive Structure And Processing During Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Vs. Pharmacotherapy For Depression, Lena C. Quilty, David J. A. Dozois, Daniela S.S. Lobo, Lakshmi N. Ravindran, R. Michael Bagby

Psychology Publications

Parental Depression And Child Cognitive Vulnerability Predict Children's Cortisol Reactivity, Elizabeth P. Hayden, Benjamin L. Hankin, Sarah V.M. Mackrell, Haroon I. Sheikh, Patricia L. Jordan, David J. A. Dozois, Shiva M. Singh, Thomas M. Olino, Lisa S. Badanes

Psychology Publications

Changes In Core Beliefs (Early Maladaptive Schemas) And Self-Representation In Cognitive Therapy And Pharmacotherapy For Depression, David J. A. Dozois, Peter J. Bieling, Lyndsay E. Evraire, Irene Patelis-Siotis, Lori Hoar, Susan Chudzik, Katie Mccabe, Henny A. Westra

Psychology Publications

Influence Of Priming Attachment Styles On Excessive Reassurance Seeking And Negative Feedback Seeking In Depression, Lyndsay E. Evraire, Jaclyn A. Ludmer, David J.A. Dozois

Psychology Publications

If It Be Love Indeed Tell Me How Much: Early Core Beliefs Associated With Excessive Reassurance Seeking In Depression., Lyndsay E. Evraire, David J. A. Dozois

Psychology Publications

Cognitive Structure And Processing During Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Vs. Pharmacotherapy For Depression, Lena C. Quilty, David J. A. Dozois, Daniela S.S. Lobo, Lakshmi N. Ravindran, Michael L. Bagby

Psychology Publications