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Exploring The Dynamics Of Identity Based Conflict And The Possibility For Its Sustainable Management: A Study Of The Persistent Ethno-Religious Conflict In Wukari Area Of Taraba State, Nigeria, Jude A. Momodu, G.I. Matudi, Abiodun L. Momodu
Exploring The Dynamics Of Identity Based Conflict And The Possibility For Its Sustainable Management: A Study Of The Persistent Ethno-Religious Conflict In Wukari Area Of Taraba State, Nigeria, Jude A. Momodu, G.I. Matudi, Abiodun L. Momodu
Ethnic Studies Review
This article explores the dynamics of identity-based conflict and the possibility for its management. The study in particular focuses on the persistent ethno-religious conflicts in the Wukari Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. The real issues precipitating the persistent ethno-religious conflicts and the costs of the conflicts were clearly brought to the fore. The study proposes a new paradigm for managing social conflicts at the community level through the 'use of community solutions for community problems' which will involve the constructive participation of all of the stakeholders in the community. This paper concludes by making a proposal for the establishment of …
[Review Of] Mentoring Faculty Of Color: Essays On Professional Development And Advancement In Colleges And Universities, By Dwayne Mack, Elwood D. Watson, And Michelle Madsen Camacho, Eds., Marie Sarita Gaytán
[Review Of] Mentoring Faculty Of Color: Essays On Professional Development And Advancement In Colleges And Universities, By Dwayne Mack, Elwood D. Watson, And Michelle Madsen Camacho, Eds., Marie Sarita Gaytán
Ethnic Studies Review
Looking back at my graduate school years, the most vital mentorship I received came in the form of sometimes brutal, but often measured honesty from a small set of trusted advisors and advanced graduate students. Their guidance was critical to my journey because they talked openly about the obstacles they faced in navigating work/life balance, spoke candidly about dealing with unsupportive colleagues, and relayed freely the challenges they encountered in their attempts to gain legitimacy as academics or scholars-in-training. In short, much like the earnest insight shared by the authors of Mentoring Faculty of Color: Essays on Professional Development and …
Ethnicity And Impressions Of Personality Using The Five-Factor Model: Stereotyping Or Cultural Sensitivity?, Andrea Kay Cooper, David Chin Evans
Ethnicity And Impressions Of Personality Using The Five-Factor Model: Stereotyping Or Cultural Sensitivity?, Andrea Kay Cooper, David Chin Evans
Ethnic Studies Review
The current research investigates whether communities use ethnicity as a cue when forming personality impressions of others. Past research has shown that dress, smiling, hairstyle, and even facial symmetry of targets produce systematic differences in personality impressions across the domains of the Five Factor model of personality. We investigated whether the stated or apparent ethnicity of groups and individuals also produce stereotypic impressions of personality. This study compared impressions across members and non-members of the target groups and examined "cue utility" i.e. whether impressions of the groups agreed with aggregated self-impressions by group members. In all, the results clearly suggest …
"For Heart, Patriotism, And National Dignity": The Italian Language Press In New York City And Constructions Of Africa, Race, And Civilization, Peter G. Vellon
"For Heart, Patriotism, And National Dignity": The Italian Language Press In New York City And Constructions Of Africa, Race, And Civilization, Peter G. Vellon
Ethnic Studies Review
"For Heart, Patriotism, and National Dignity": The Italian Language Press in New York City and Constructions of Africa, Race, and Civilization" examines how mainstream and radical newspapers employed Africa as a trope for savage behavior by analyzing their discussion of wage slavery, imperialism, lynching, and colonialism, in particular Italian imperialist ventures into northern Africa in the 1890s and Libya in 1911-1912. The Italian language press constructed Africa as a sinister, dark, continent, representing the lowest rung of the racial hierarchy. In expressing moral outrage over American violence and discrimination against Italians, the press utilized this image of Africa to emphatically …
Exchange, Conflict And Coercion: The Ritual Dynamics Of The Notting Hill Carnival Past And Present, Jennifer Edwards, J. David Knottnerus
Exchange, Conflict And Coercion: The Ritual Dynamics Of The Notting Hill Carnival Past And Present, Jennifer Edwards, J. David Knottnerus
Ethnic Studies Review
This study investigates patterns of social relationships involving the Notting Hill Carnival. Two theoretical approaches are employed elementary relations theory and structural ritualization theory - to explain how the carnival has been strategically used in very different ways by various groups to accomplish their objectives. We suggest the Notting Hill Carnival is a special collective ritual event that has played a crucial role in three quite different structured arrangements involving coercion, conflict, and exchange since its beginning in Trinidad and subsequently in London. Four time periods where distinct changes in the nature of these relationships have occurred are examined: (1) …
Ethnicity And Financial Exclusion: How Fringe Banking Has Taken Hold In Ethnic And Immigrant Neighborhoods, Marie-Christine Pauwels
Ethnicity And Financial Exclusion: How Fringe Banking Has Taken Hold In Ethnic And Immigrant Neighborhoods, Marie-Christine Pauwels
Ethnic Studies Review
The latest FDIC survey (2012) on Americans excluded from regular banking services reported that between 8% and 20% of American households have either little or no relationship with a bank, savings institution, credit union, or other mainstream financial service providers. The only option for these customers, many of whom are ethnic minorities and immigrant communities, is to turn to AFS - Alternative Financial Services-the official name of fringe banking. Fringe banks like Ace Cash Express, EZLoans, or Mr. Payroll deliberately target the low- to moderate-income inner-city residents, often because these neighborhoods have become deserted by regular banks, making it difficult …
Historical Consciousness And Ethnicity: How Signifying The Past Influences The Fluctuations In Ethnic Boundary Maintenance, Paul Zanazanian
Historical Consciousness And Ethnicity: How Signifying The Past Influences The Fluctuations In Ethnic Boundary Maintenance, Paul Zanazanian
Ethnic Studies Review
Theorists tend to limit 'history's' role in the dynamics of ethnicity to that generally played by collective memory. By bringing the notion of historical consciousness to the fore, new possibilities may, however, emerge for discerning how history, as one cultural mode of remembering among many others, impacts both ethnicity delineations and fluctuations in boundary maintenance. In encapsulating the many forms of commemoration as well as the different dimensions of historical thinking, the contribution of historical consciousness accordingly lies on how group members historicize temporal change for moral orientation in time. By likewise signifying past events for negotiating their ethnicity and …
Chang-Rae Lee's A Gesture Lite: The Recuperation Of Identity, Matthew Miller
Chang-Rae Lee's A Gesture Lite: The Recuperation Of Identity, Matthew Miller
Ethnic Studies Review
In Chang-rae Lee's A Gesture Life, the elderly, wellrespected and fastidious Franklin "Doc" Hata begins an introspective journey toward a revitalized and reimagined identity. For Lee, this journey affords the chance to address ethnicity and immigration under a unique transnational context. The novel chronicles how an identity can be recuperated (i.e., healed) through personal and cultural reconnections to the body and to memory. I purposefully use the word "recuperate" in both the traditional and theoretical senses. "Recuperation" results from Hata's moving back into his past to grow forward in self. Simultaneously, he "heals" his self, physically and psychologically, from various …
Ethnic Politics, Political Corruption And Poverty: Perspectives On Contending Issues And Nigeria's Democratization Process, Dewale Adewale Yagboyaju
Ethnic Politics, Political Corruption And Poverty: Perspectives On Contending Issues And Nigeria's Democratization Process, Dewale Adewale Yagboyaju
Ethnic Studies Review
It is common to interpret African politics in tribal or ethnic terms. In the case of Nigeria, the dominant political behaviour can be defined, on the one hand, in terms of "incessant pressures on the state and the consequent fragmentation or prebendalizing of state-power" (Joseph, 1991:5). On the other hand, such practices can also be related to "a certain articulation of the factors of class and ethnicity" (ibid). For a better understanding of the essentials of Nigerian politics and its dynamics, it is necessary to develop a clearer perspective on the relationship between the two social categories mentioned above and …
Memories Of Home: Reading The Bedouin In Arab American Literature, Anissa J. Wardi, Katherine Wardi-Zonna
Memories Of Home: Reading The Bedouin In Arab American Literature, Anissa J. Wardi, Katherine Wardi-Zonna
Ethnic Studies Review
In an urban neighborhood with a large Jewish population near my home, there is an Arabic restaurant. Name, menu and ownership mark its ethnic identification, yet its politics are otherwise obscured. An American flag, permanently placed in the restaurant's window since 9/11, greets American customers with a message of reconciliation. I am one of you, it says: come; eat; you are welcome here. In a climate where "Arabs, Arab-Americans and people with Middle Eastern features, everywhere are struggling to merely survive the United States' aggressive drive to 'bring democracy to the Middle East'" (Elia 160) and where the hostility toward …
Use Of Multiple Methods: An Examination Of Constraints Effecting Ethnic Minority Visitor Use Of National Parks And Management Implications, Nina S. Roberts, Donald A. Rodriguez
Use Of Multiple Methods: An Examination Of Constraints Effecting Ethnic Minority Visitor Use Of National Parks And Management Implications, Nina S. Roberts, Donald A. Rodriguez
Ethnic Studies Review
Understanding outdoor recreation participation and national park visitation by members of ethnic minority groups has been a particular focus of outdoor recreation researchers for the past twenty years. Attracting ethnic minorities, and understanding their recreation needs and interests, demands a multi-faceted approach and sustained commitment not only by the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) but by other resource management agencies as well.
The Tastes From Portugal: Food As Remembrance In Portuguese American Literature, Reinaldo Silva
The Tastes From Portugal: Food As Remembrance In Portuguese American Literature, Reinaldo Silva
Ethnic Studies Review
Contemporary Portuguese American literature written by Thomas Braga (1943-), Frank Gaspar (1946-), and Katherine Vaz (1955-) share a profusion of topics - with ethnic food being, perhaps, the most representative one. What these writers have in common is that their roots can be traced to Portugal's Atlantic islands - the Azores - and not to continental Portugal. They are native Americans and write in English, though their characters and themes are Portuguese American. Some of them lived close to the former New England whaling and fishing centers of New Bedford and Nantucket, which Herman Melville has immortalized in Moby-Dick and …
Artisans And The Marketing Of Ethnicity: Globalization, Indigenous Identity And Nobility Principle In Micro-Enterprise Development, Robin M. Chandler
Artisans And The Marketing Of Ethnicity: Globalization, Indigenous Identity And Nobility Principle In Micro-Enterprise Development, Robin M. Chandler
Ethnic Studies Review
As a constructed category of human difference, 'ethnicity' has given way to 'culture' in its shared genealogy in the new millennium. Public knowledge about such phenomena as 'ethnic cleansing', debates on immigration, and the use of ethnicity as both a dependent and independent variable in research and policy are central realities in the domestic and foreign policies of many nations. The social psychology of group affiliation, nationalism, and the use of ethnicity (as well as gender) in workplace diversity, or the deployment of ethnicity in electoral politics continues to perplex and complicate human social interaction.
(In) Visible Fissures And The "Multicultural American: Interrupting Race, Ethnicity, And Imperialism Through Tv's Survivor, Sarah Hentges
(In) Visible Fissures And The "Multicultural American: Interrupting Race, Ethnicity, And Imperialism Through Tv's Survivor, Sarah Hentges
Ethnic Studies Review
One of the longest running reality TV shows, with 15 seasons as of 2007, Survivor is an important text for considerations of race and ethnicity, legacies of imperialism, and the idea of the "multicultural" America. Survivor provides an evolving adventure narrative -one that relies upon the legacies of the past, like colonialism and imperialism, as well as the myths of the present and future, like tourism as a means of survival in a globalized economy. As these imperial contexts are adapted Survivor provides moments for (mostly white or white-identified) privileged, "multicultural" first-world Americans to participate in neo-colonial cultural and economic …
[Review Of] Jeff Karem. The Romance Of Authenticity: The Cultural Politics Of Regional And Ethnic Literatures, Helen Lock
Ethnic Studies Review
The "romance of authenticity" to which the title of Jeff Karem's timely new study refers is the romance between the American reading public and the regional or ethnic writer who is viewed as providing an "authentic" cultural viewpoint, often to the extent of becoming regarded as the premier representative of that culture. Karem's argument, however, is that too much "symbolic weight" (205) is often attached to the work of writers seized upon as "representative." They are asked to bear the burden of providing a vicarious and definitive immersion in a particular culture, and therefore their work is judged mostly in …
[Review Of] Joan Nagel. Race, Ethnicity, And Sexuality: Intimate Intersections, Forbidden Frontiers, Enrique Morales-Díaz
[Review Of] Joan Nagel. Race, Ethnicity, And Sexuality: Intimate Intersections, Forbidden Frontiers, Enrique Morales-Díaz
Ethnic Studies Review
One of the most significant points about Joane Nagel's text is its broad approach to the idea that ethnicity is sexualized and that the boundaries that on the surface seem to separate the two concepts are actually extremely thin and transparent. Thus, according to Nagel, "Ethnicity and sexuality are strained, but not strange bedfellows" (14). She supports this statement throughout her text, providing specific examples to argue her case. Her approach to the subject at hand also coincides with her goals for the book, "to illustrate the power and ubiquity of sexuality as a feature of racial, ethnic, and national …
In Search Of A "Singular I:" A Structurational Analysis Of Passing, Dawkins Marcia Alesan
In Search Of A "Singular I:" A Structurational Analysis Of Passing, Dawkins Marcia Alesan
Ethnic Studies Review
It is easy to envision the socio-cultural phenomenon of passing as a relic of a bygone era, yet passing is markedly more. From a historical perspective, "passing-as-white" is a strategy of representation through which light-skinned, white-looking, legally non-white Americans attempt(ed) to reconcile "two unreconciled ideals:" their limited opportunities as non-white people in a segregated society with their idealized life goals as full American citizens (DuBois, 1903; Candy, 1998). Recent scholarship on the phenomenon explains that passing is more than a masquerade. Passing can be accidental, incidental, or a committed lifestyle that is noted: when people effectively present themselves as other …
The Ethnic Impulse In Frank X. Gaspar's Poetry And Fiction, Reinaldo Silva
The Ethnic Impulse In Frank X. Gaspar's Poetry And Fiction, Reinaldo Silva
Ethnic Studies Review
Although a compelling and award-winning voice in contemporary American literature, the work of Frank Xavier Gaspar (1946-) has not received the attention it deserves. Apart from an article by Alice R. Clemente,(1) to my knowledge, there are no other scholarly publications touching upon his writings, all of which published in the course of the last seventeen years. While his work appeals to all audiences in the United States of America and even abroad -- Portugal in particular -- his poems dealing with issues related to his ancestral culture and ethnic background are the ones which have sparked the attention of …
What's In A Name? Racial And Ethnic Classifications And The Meaning Of Hispanic/Latino In The United States, Keith M. Kilty, Maria Videl De Haymes
What's In A Name? Racial And Ethnic Classifications And The Meaning Of Hispanic/Latino In The United States, Keith M. Kilty, Maria Videl De Haymes
Ethnic Studies Review
The first national census was conducted in 1790, and has been repeated at ten year intervals ever since. While census taking has been consistent, the way individuals have been counted and categorized on the basis of race and ethnicity has varied over time. This paper examines how the official census definition of Latinos has changed over the twenty-two census periods. The modifications of the official definition of this group are discussed in relation to changes in national borders, variations in methodology used for census data gathering, and shifting political contexts.
[Review Of] John Carter, Ethnicity, Exclusion And The Workplace, Bridget A. Teboh
[Review Of] John Carter, Ethnicity, Exclusion And The Workplace, Bridget A. Teboh
Ethnic Studies Review
This important volume attempts to evaluate and measure the impact of equal opportunities in the National Health Service and in part, on higher education (4) (i.e. the progress of ethnic minorities through their respective career hierarchies). The major dynamics at work are the desire on the part of excluded social groups to try to gain access into other occupational areas and the success of dominant social groups in closing a particular niche. Those of us who are interested in or confronted by ethnicity in our professional spheres should read this book.
[Review Of] Andrew Pilkington, Racial Disadvantage And Ethnic Diversity In Britain, Simboonath Singh
[Review Of] Andrew Pilkington, Racial Disadvantage And Ethnic Diversity In Britain, Simboonath Singh
Ethnic Studies Review
Andrew Pilkington's Racial Disadvantage and Ethnic Diversity in Britain (2003) is a comprehensive and systematic study of race and ethnicity in contemporary Britain. The approach taken is decidedly sociological but incorporates an inter-disciplinary perspective, drawing upon areas such as History, Politics, Geography and Cultural Studies. In Chapter 1 the author makes a fine conceptual distinction between core concepts such as race and ethnicity and theoretically subscribes to the more dynamic social constructionist approach to ethnicity as an acceptable alternative to previous models. Racialization is invoked as an alternative problematic of racism to alert the reader to the dangers of reification …
Thomas Braga's Portingales: A Celebration Of Portuguese American Culture, Reinaldo Silva
Thomas Braga's Portingales: A Celebration Of Portuguese American Culture, Reinaldo Silva
Ethnic Studies Review
Profoundly fascinated by and connected to the ancestral culture, Thomas Braga in Portingales (1981) believes he can best express his condition as a so-called hyphenated American if he expresses himself in English rather than in Portuguese. Fully aware that English, as opposed to Portuguese, will connect him with broader audiences so as to convey his ethnic experience, Braga's poems are subtle reminders to mainstream America of the enormous contributions of the peoples of Portuguese descent to the building of the United States of America.
[Review Of] Garbi Schmidt, Islam In Urban America: Sunni Muslims In Chicago, Jess Hollenback
[Review Of] Garbi Schmidt, Islam In Urban America: Sunni Muslims In Chicago, Jess Hollenback
Ethnic Studies Review
Islam in Urban America: Sunni Muslims in Chicago is a well-researched, carefully nuanced, and timely contribution to our understanding of Muslim Americans and an excellent corrective to the all-too-common tendency to homogenize both Islam and Muslims. This study stresses the multiple elements of diversity in American Islam by focusing on how ethnicity, class, gender, class, age, and ideology have influenced the presentation and practice of Sunni Islam among immigrant communities in Chicago during the 1990s. Garbi Schmidt is currently a researcher in the ethnic minorities program at the Danish National Institute of Social Research in Copenhagen. This book is a …
Getting Into The Game: The Trickster In American Ethnic Fiction, Helen Lock
Getting Into The Game: The Trickster In American Ethnic Fiction, Helen Lock
Ethnic Studies Review
Trickster novels, especially those by Gerald Vizenor and Maxine Hong Kingston, can be used to destabilize and undermine ethnic stereotypes. As many studies show, the trickster him/herself cannot be stable and thus resists the limitations of definition as the embodiment of ambiguity. Both insider and outsider, s/he plays with the whole concept of "sides" so as to erase the distinction between them. The trickster plays the game, including the game of language, in order to break and exploit its rules and thus destabilizes linguistic markers. Kingston and Vizenor use their novels to subvert the rules of the linguistic game and …
Time Is Not A River' The Implications Of Mumbo Jumbo's Pendulum Chronology For Coalition Politics, Tamiko Fiona Nimura
Time Is Not A River' The Implications Of Mumbo Jumbo's Pendulum Chronology For Coalition Politics, Tamiko Fiona Nimura
Ethnic Studies Review
Ismael Reed's 1972 novel, Mumbo Jumbo, proposes a unique chronological theory that requires a multiple-grounded understanding of time. An analysis of what could be called this "pendulum" chronology leads to a more complete understanding of the novel and has important implications for a coalition of American ethnic studies and other identity-related work in the academy.
Centering Race And Ethnicity- Related Issues In Social Sciences Curricula, Joseph F. Sheley
Centering Race And Ethnicity- Related Issues In Social Sciences Curricula, Joseph F. Sheley
Ethnic Studies Review
A 2002 review of the course requirements and electives of Economics, History, Political Science, and Sociology programs in thirty randomly selected state and private, "doctoral-level" and "masters-level" institutions produced 201 courses relating to the study of race-and ethnic-related issues. Only two courses (History offerings on a single campus) were required for completion of a major. While some departments offered "concentrations" with mandated content, the concentrations themselves were elective. Diversity in America today is a truly important component of social (re)organization and change and, thus, a major source of social friction. Why is it, then, that students, those majoring in the …
[Review Of] Jun Xing And Lane Ryo Hirabayashi, Eds. Reversing The Lens: Ethnicity, Race, Gender, And Sexuality Through Film, Susan Crutchfield
[Review Of] Jun Xing And Lane Ryo Hirabayashi, Eds. Reversing The Lens: Ethnicity, Race, Gender, And Sexuality Through Film, Susan Crutchfield
Ethnic Studies Review
The fourteen essays collected in Xing and Hirabayashi's new volume make a strong argument for serious intellectual work involved not only in the college-level study of moving images for their messages about minority groups but also in pedagogical approaches that take film and video as their primary texts. Written by a collection of scholars who work in ethnic and racial studies and various allied fields, the essays share a concern with pedagogy and with showing "how visual media can be used to facilitate cross-cultural understanding and communications, particularly with respect to the thorny topics of ethnicity and race" (3). Indeed, …
Ethnic And Racial Definitions As Manifestations Of American Public Policy, Ashton Wesley Welch
Ethnic And Racial Definitions As Manifestations Of American Public Policy, Ashton Wesley Welch
Ethnic Studies Review
Official definitions of race and ethnicity in American law reveal a great deal about public policy in an environment of ethnic pluralism. Despite some ambiguity over who is black or Hispanic or an Aleut, relatively few people fall between the wide cracks in the American patchwork of identity classifications. Those cracks, however, tell us a great deal about the ambivalence of the American polity toward ethnicity.1
Ethnicity And Unemployment In Finland, Jan Saarela, Fjalar Finnäs
Ethnicity And Unemployment In Finland, Jan Saarela, Fjalar Finnäs
Ethnic Studies Review
This research note provides the general findings from a research project analyzing the reasons behind the lower unemployment rate of the Swedish-speaking minority in Finland, compared with the Finnish-speaking majority. The main conclusion is that the unemployment gap cannot be attributed to ethnic-group differences in age, education, place of residence, or industrial structure. We believe that two latent factors are highly relevant in this context: language proficiency and social integration, although no data presently available provides information about such issues.
Moving Mountains In The Lntercultural Classroom, Vivian Faith Martindale
Moving Mountains In The Lntercultural Classroom, Vivian Faith Martindale
Ethnic Studies Review
Today many Alaska Natives are seeking a higher education; however due to subtle differences in communication styles between the Native Alaskan student and Euro-American instructor, both students and educator frequently experience communication difficulties. This paper examines the differences in non-verbal communication, the assumption of similarities, stereotyping, preconceptions, and misinterpretations that may occur between Alaska Native and Euro-American cultures. University classrooms are becoming increasingly multicultural, and one teaching style may not be effective with all students. Those involved with education need to promote flexibility and awareness of cultural differences in order to achieve successful communication in the classroom.