Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Development Of A Seamless, High-Resolution Bathymetric Model To Compare Reef Morphology Around The Subtropical Island Shelves Of Lord Howe Island And Balls Pyramid, Southwest Pacific Ocean, Michelle Linklater, Sarah Hamylton, Brendan P. Brooke, Scott L. Nichol, Alan Jordan, Colin D. Woodroffe

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Lord Howe Island and Balls Pyramid are located approximately 600 km offshore of the southeastern Australian mainland, in the subtropical waters of the northern Tasman Sea. Lord Howe Island hosts the most southern coral reef in the Pacific Ocean, and the shelves surrounding both islands feature fossil coral reefs. This study creates a seamless, high-resolution (5 m cell size) bathymetry model of the two shelves to compare and contrast the extent of reef development and shelf morphology. This was produced by integrating satellite-derived depth data (derived to 35 m depth) and multibeam echosounder (MBES) data. Image partitioning and filtering improved …

Impact Of Southeast Asian Smoke On Aerosol Properties In Southwest China: First Comparison Of Model Simulations With Satellite And Ground Observations, Jun Zhu, Xiangao Xia, Jun Wang, Jinqiang Zhang, Christine Wiedinmyer, Jenny A. Fisher, Christoph A. Keller

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Smoke aerosols have been observed in Southwest China as a result of long-range transport from surrounding areas in March and April. The processes driving this transport and the resultant impact on regional aerosol optical properties are studied here through a combined use of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem chemistry transport model in conjunction with satellite and the first-ever ground-based observations in the Southwest China. The potential biomass burning source regions as well as their respective contributions to aerosol loading in Southwest China are quantified. Compared to Sun photometer observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550nm at eight stations …

Healing At Home: Developing A Model For Ambulatory Alcohol "Detox" In An Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service, Jonathan Brett, Angela Dawson, Rowena G. Ivers, Leanne Lawrence, Sarah Barclay, Kate M. Conigrave

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Indigenous Peoples who have been colonized typically face a greater burden of injury, disease, and social disruption associated with alcohol use (Kirmayer, Brass, & Tait, 2000). However, they often also encounter many barriers to accessing treatment for alcohol use disorders (Gray, Stearne, Wilson, & Doyle, 2010). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians (here described as Aboriginal Australians) experience 3-8 times the prevalence of alcohol-related illness, injury, and death than the general population (Calabria, Doran, Vos, Shakeshaft, & Hall, 2010). But their barriers to treatment access for alcohol dependence include transport difficulties, fear of discrimination, and lack of culturally secure services …

Age-Depth Model Of The Past 630 Kyr For Lake Ohrid (Fyrom/Albania) Based On Cyclostratigraphic Analysis Of Downhole Gamma Ray Data, Henrike Baumgarten, Thomas Wonik, D C. Tanner, Alexander Francke, Bernd Wagner, Giovanni Zanchetta, Roberto Sulpizio, Biagio Giaccio, Sebastien Nomade

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Gamma ray (GR) fluctuations and potassium (K) values from downhole logging data obtained in the sediments of Lake Ohrid from 0 to 240 m below lake floor (b.l.f). correlate with fluctuations in δ18O values from the global benthic isotope stack LR04 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005). GR and K values are considered a reliable proxy to depict glacial-interglacial cycles, with high clastic input during cold and/or drier periods and high carbonate precipitation during warm and/or humid periods at Lake Ohrid. Spectral analysis was applied to investigate the climate signal and evolution over the length of the borehole. Linking downhole logging data …

Hox Measurements In The Summertime Upper Troposphere Over Europe: A Comparison Of Observations To A Box Model And A 3-D Model, E Regelin, H Harder, M Martinez, D Kubistin, C Tatum Ernest, H Bozem, T Klippel, Z Hosaynali-Beygi, H Fischer, R Sander, P Jockel, R Konigstedt, J Lelieveld

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

In situ airborne measurements of OH and HO2 with the HORUS (HydrOxyl Radical measurement Unit based on fluorescence Spectroscopy) instrument were performed in the summertime upper troposphere across Europe during the HOOVER 2 (HOx OVer EuRope) campaign in July 2007. Complementary measurements of trace gas species and photolysis frequencies were conducted to obtain a broad data set, which has been used to quantify the significant HOx sources and sinks. In this study we compare the in situ measurement of OH and HO2 with simulated mixing ratios from the constrained box model CAABA/MECCA (Chemistry As A Box Model Application/Module Efficiently Calculating …

Developing Galleria Mellonella As A Model Host For Human Pathogens, Simon M. Cook, Jason D. Mcarthur

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The larvae of Galleria mellonella (also known colloquially as the wax worm) is increasingly being used as an infection model to study virulence factors and pathogenesis of many prominent bacterial and fungal human pathogens. When compared with traditional mammalian model hosts, invertebrate infection models are cheaper to establish and maintain, are more amenable to high-throughput studies and are not subjected to the same ethical constraints as vertebrates. In addition to these benefits, G. mellonella larvae possess a number of other characteristics which make these organisms particularly useful for the study of human pathogens. Larvae are relatively large in size (12- …

An Overview Of The Clubhouse Model Of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Toby Raeburn, Elizabeth Halcomb, Garry Walter, Michelle Cleary

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objective: The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the clubhouse model and its capacity to assist people with severe mental illness. Method: The paper uses a sample vignette (with all identifying information removed) and survey of literature describing clubhouses over the last 15 years. Results: Strengths of the clubhouse model include its ability to provide a safe environment, supportive relationships and supported employment activities. Criticisms include its failure to provide onsite psychiatry clinics and a risk of promoting service dependence. Conclusions: Modern clubhouses continue to provide useful models of psychiatric rehabilitation which are popular worldwide. Studying …

Deletion Of Abca7 Increases Cerebral Amyloid-Β Accumulation In The J20 Mouse Model Of Alzheimer's Disease, Woojin S. Kim, Hongyun Li, Kalani Ruberu, Sharon Chan, David A. Elliott, Jac Kee Low, David Cheng, Tim Karl, Brett Garner

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

ATP-binding cassette transporter A7 (ABCA7) is expressed in the brain and has been detected in macrophages, microglia, and neurons. ABCA7 promotes efflux of lipids from cells to apolipoproteins and can also regulate phagocytosis and modulate processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to generate the Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Genome-wide association studies have indicated that ABCA7 single nucleotide polymorphisms confer increased risk for late-onset AD; however, the role that ABCA7 plays in the brain in the AD context is unknown. In the present study, we crossed ABCA7-deficient (A7-/-) mice with J20 amyloidogenic mice to address this issue. We show …

Paleoclimate Data-Model Comparison And The Role Of Climate Forcings Over The Past 1500 Years, Steven J. Phipps, Helen V. Mcgregor, Joelle Gergis, Ailie J. E Gallant, Raphael Neukom, Samantha Stevenson, Duncan Ackerley, Josephine R. Brown, Matt J. Fischer, Tas D. Van Ommen

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The past 1500 years provide a valuable opportunity to study the response of the climate system to external forcings. However, the integration of paleoclimate proxies with climate modeling is critical to improving the understanding of climate dynamics. In this paper, a climate system model and proxy records are therefore used to study the role of natural and anthropogenic forcings in driving the global climate. The inverse and forward approaches to paleoclimate data–model comparison are applied, and sources of uncertainty are identified and discussed. In the first of two case studies, the climate model simulations are compared with multiproxy temperature reconstructions. …

Model Studies Towards The Total Synthesis Of The Stemona Alkaloid 1-Hydroxyprotostemonine: Synthesis Of Ent-1-Hydroxystemoamide, Nalivela Kumara Swamy, Stephen G. Pyne

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

As part of a model study towards the total synthesis of Stemona alkaloid 1-hydroxyprotostemonine 1, we have achieved the synthesis an A-B-C ring precursor, ent-1-hydroxystemoamide. Key steps involve an ene-yne RCM reaction and a diastereoselective dihydroxylation-lactonization reaction.

Immune Factors In The Neuregulin-1 Knockout Mouse Model Of Schizophrenia, P Snikeris, Xu-Feng Huang, Elisabeth T. Frank

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Exploring The Relevancy Of The Person Centred Care Model For Dementia Care Within Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Communities, Faye B. Mcmillan, David R. Kampers, Victoria Traynor, J Dewing

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Sharing Quality Resources For Teaching And Learning: A Peer Review Model For The Altc Exchange In Australia, Geraldine Lefoe, Robyn Philip, Meg O'Reilly, Dominique Parrish

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The ALTC Exchange (formerly the Carrick Exchange), is a national repository and networking service for Australian higher education. The Exchange was designed to provide access to a repository of shared learning and teaching resources, work spaces for team members engaged in collaborative projects, and communication and networking services. The Australian Learning and Teaching Council (ALTC) established the Exchange for those who teach, manage and lead learning and teaching in higher education. As part of the research conducted to inform the development of the Exchange, models for peer review of educational resources were evaluated. For this, a design based research approach …

Constructing A Research Based Pre-Care Model To Improve Mental Health Interventions For Young People, Lindsey Harrison, Sue Webster

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

ObjectiveThis study had two aims. Firstly, to explore how young people experienced the onset of mental health problems and to investigate their initial interactions with the health system; and secondly, to use thesefindings to construct a pre-care model that can be used by nurses and other health care professionals todesign appropriate interventions.DesignGrounded theory method was used to develop a theory of young peoples experience of the pathway to mental health care. Data were obtained through in-depth semi-structured interviews.SettingParticipants were recruited through two community health centres in a Sydney metropolitan area healthservice.SubjectsThe purposive sample consisted of eight males and twelve females …

Beyond The Rhetoric: What Do We Mean By A 'Model Of Care'?, Patricia Davidson, Elizabeth Halcomb, L Hickman, J Phillips, B Graham

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: Contemporary health care systems are constantly challenged to revise traditional methods of health care delivery. These challenges are multifaceted and stem from: (1) novel pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments; (2) changes in consumer demands and expectations; (3) fiscal and resource constraints; (4) changes in societal demographics in particular the ageing of society; (5) an increasing burden of chronic disease; (6) documentation of limitations in traditional health care delivery; (7) increased emphasis on transparency, accountability, evidence-based practice (EBP) and clinical governance structures; and (8) the increasing cultural diversity of the community. These challenges provoke discussion of potential alternative models of care, …

Collaborative Recovery: An Integrative Model For Working With Individuals Who Experience Chronic And Recurring Mental Illness, Lindsay G. Oades, Frank P. Deane, Trevor P. Crowe, Gordon Lambert, David Kavanagh, Christopher Lloyd

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives: Recovery is an emerging movement in mental health. Evidence for recovery-based approaches is not well developed and approaches to implement recovery-oriented services are not well articulated. The collaborative recovery model (CRM) is presented as a model that assists clinicians to use evidencebased skills with consumers, in a manner consistent with the recovery movement. A current 5 year multisite Australian study to evaluate the effectiveness of CRM is briefly described. Conclusion: The collaborative recovery model puts into practice several aspects of policy regarding recovery-oriented services, using evidence-based practices to assist individuals who have chronic or recurring mental disorders (CRMD). It …

Individual Difference & Computer User-Training Behaviour: Examination Of An Empirical Model, Anura R. Jayasuriya, Peter Caputi, Leonie M. Miller, Jocelyn R. Harper, Shae-Leigh C. Vella, Joseph A. Meloche

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

A model that incorporates both stable and dynamic individual differences to the nomological net of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in the context of computer user training is proposed. A study using 348 completed surveys from University students engaged in computer training found that stable traits (Negative Affects, Trait Anxiety and Personal Innovativeness in IT (PIIT)) explained 35% of variance in Computer Anxiety (CA). Significant support to the model provides evidence that stable individual differences are antecedents to and predict both Computer Self Efficacy and CA. In addition, the model demonstrates the relationship of these determinants to the TAM.

Effects Of Dexamethasone On Posterior Capsule Opacification-Like Changes In A Rat Lens Explant Model, Kylie Mansfield, Anna Cerra, Coral Chamberlain

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Purpose: Many patients whose sight is initially restored by cataract surgery eventually suffer secondary loss of vision because of posterior capsule opacification (PCO; after-cataract), a condition in which lens epithelial cells left behind at surgery become aberrant and migrate into the light path. The aim of this study was to determine whether dexamethasone (DEX), an anti-inflammatory agent widely used before and after cataract surgery, influences the behavior of lens cells under conditions relevant to PCO development.

Methods: An established rat PCO model was used in which explanted epithelial cells attached to the lens capsule are exposed sequentially to TGFβ2 and …

Is The Technology Acceptance Model A Valid Model Of User Satisfaction Of Information Technology In Environments Where Usage Is Mandatory?, Dave Mather, Peter Caputi, Rohan Jayasuriya

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The validity of the two models based on the extended Technology Acceptance Model (Venkatesh and Davies, 2000) in predicting user satisfaction of an incident reporting system in a mandated setting was tested using 84 employees from a large manufacturing company. The models differed in how the construct, subjective norm was represented. Although the results indicated that both models fitted the data, the anticipated relationship between subjective norms and user satisfaction was not supported. Furthermore, some of the antecedent factors did not predict perceived usefulness as anticipated.