Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Diarylacylhydrazones: Clostridium-Selective Antibacterials With Activity Against Stationary-Phase Cells, Chao Chen, Naveen K. Dolla, Gabriele Casadei, John B. Bremner, Kim Lewis, Michael J. Kelso

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Current antibiotics for treating Clostridium difficile infections (CDI), that is, metronidazole, vancomycin and more recently fidaxomicin, are mostly effective but treatment failure and disease relapse remain as significant clinical problems. The shortcomings of these agents are attributed to their low selectivity for C. difficile over normal gut microflora and their ineffectiveness against C. difficile spores. This Letter reports that certain diarylacylhydrazones identified during a high-throughput screening/counter-screening campaign show selective activity against two Clostridium species (C. difficile and Clostridium perfringens) over common gut commensals. Representative examples are shown to possess activity similar to vancomycin against clinical C. difficile strains and to …

Measuring Adolescent Boys' Physical Activity: Bout Length And The Influence Of Accelerometer Epoch Length, Taren Sanders, Dylan Cliff, Chris Lonsdale

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives

Accurate, objective measurement is important for understanding adolescents' physical activity (PA) behaviour. When using accelerometry to objectively measure PA, a decision must be made regarding how frequently data is recorded (i.e., epoch length). The purpose of this study was to examine i) PA bout length, and ii) the effect of variations in accelerometer epoch length on PA estimates during physical education (PE) and leisure time in adolescent boys.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Methods

Year 9 boys (N=133; mean age ±SD =14.36±0.48 years) wore accelerometers during two PE lessons, and for a period of seven consecutive days. Data were reintegrated from …

Development And Psychometric Properties Of The Y-Pass Questionnaire To Assess Correlates Of Lunchtime And After-School Physical Activity In Children, Rebecca M. Stanley, Kate Ridley, Timothy Olds, James Dollman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background

To frame interventions, it is useful to understand context- and time-specific correlates of children’s physical activity. To do this, we need accurate assessment of these correlates. There are currently no measures that assess correlates at all levels of the social ecological model, contain items that are specifically worded for the lunchtime and/or after-school time periods, and assess correlates that have been conceptualised and defined by children. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the lunchtime and after-school Youth Physical Activity Survey for Specific Settings (Y-PASS) questionnaires.

Methods

The Y-PASS questionnaire was administered …

Increasing Specificity Of Correlate Research: Exploring Correlates Of Children's Lunchtime And After-School Physical Activity, Rebecca M. Stanley, Kate Ridley, Timothy Olds, James Dollman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background The lunchtime and after-school contexts are critical windows in a school day for children to be physically active. While numerous studies have investigated correlates of children's habitual physical activity, few have explored correlates of physical activity occurring at lunchtime and after-school from a social-ecological perspective. Exploring correlates that influence physical activity occurring in specific contexts can potentially improve the prediction and understanding of physical activity. Using a context-specific approach, this study investigated correlates of children's lunchtime and after-school physical activity. Methods Cross-sectional data were collected from 423 South Australian children aged 10.0-13.9 years (200 boys; 223 girls) attending 10 …

Promoting Awareness, Knowledge Of And Compliance With The National Children's Physical Activity Guidelines, Lyn Phillipson, Danika Hall, Anthony D. Okely, Sandra C. Jones, Dylan Cliff, Jeong Kyu Lee, Stewart Vella, M Chapman, Lisa Franco, T Kirk-Downey

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at be active 2014, 15-18 October 2014, National Convention Centre, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

Embodying Cognition In The Classroom: A New Approach To Foster Physical Activity And Learning, Myrto F. Mavilidi, Fred Paas, Anthony D. Okely, Paul Chandler

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at be active 2014, Incorporating the Australian Conference of Science and Medicine in Sport, the National Sports Injury Prevention Conference, and the National Physical Activity Conference, Canberra, Australia, 15-18 October 2014.

Physical Activity And Sedentary Guidelines; What Are The Similarities And Differences Across The Globe?, Anne-Maree Parrish, Stewart Vella, Anthony D. Okely, Dylan Cliff

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the 2014 Global Summit on the Physical Activity of Children, held in Toronto, May 19-22, 2014

Improved Workflow Modelling Using Role Activity Diagram-Based Modelling With Application To A Radiology Service Case Study, Nagesh Shukla, John Keast, Darek Ceglarek

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The modelling of complex workflows is an important problem-solving technique within healthcare settings. However, currently most of the workflow models use a simplified flow chart of patient flow obtained using on-site observations, groupbased debates and brainstorming sessions, together with historic patient data. This paper presents a systematic and semi-automatic methodology for knowledge acquisition with detailed process representation using sequential interviews of people in the key roles involved in the service delivery process. The proposed methodology allows the modelling of roles, interactions, actions, and decisions involved in the service delivery process. This approach is based on protocol generation and analysis techniques …

Pace: A Group Randomised Controlled Trial To Increase Children's Break-Time Playground Physical Activity, Anne-Maree Parrish, Anthony D. Okely, Marijka Batterham, Dylan P. Cliff, Christopher A. Magee

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at Be Active 2014, 15-18 October 2014, Canberra, Australia.

The Impact Of Neighbourhood Crime On Physical Activity: Evidence From 203,883 Australians, Gregory Kolt, Thomas E. Astell-Burt, Xiaoqi Feng

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at Be Active 2014, 15-18 October 2014, Canberra, Australia

Single-Sex After-School Physical Activity Programs For Overweight And At-Risk Children: The Wollongong Sport Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial, Dylan Cliff, Jacqueline Kelly, Rachel Jones, Anthony D. Okely

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the 2014 Global Summit on the Physical Activity of Children, held in Toronto, May 19-22, 2014.

Volumes And Bouts Of Sedentary Behavior And Physical Activity: Associations With Cardiometabolic Health In Obese Children, Dylan P. Cliff, Rachel A. Jones, Tracy L. Burrows, Philip J. Morgan, Clare E. Collins, Louise A. Baur, Anthony D. Okely

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: To examine associations of volumes and bouts of sedentary behavior (SED) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with individual and clustered cardio-metabolic outcomes in overweight/obese children. Design and Methods: Cross-sectional data from 120 overweight/obese children (8.3±1.1y, 62% girls, 74% obese) with SED and MVPA assessed using accelerometry. Children were categorised into quartiles of mean bouts.day^-1 of SED (10, 20, and 30min) and MVPA (5, 10, and 15min). Associations with triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, glucose, insulin, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, and clustered cardio-metabolic risk (cMet) were examined using linear regression, adjusted for confounders. Results: Independent of MVPA, SED volume was inversely associated …

Relative Validity Of 3 Accelerometer Models For Estimating Energy Expenditure During Light Activity, Alexander Allan Wetten, Marijka Batterham, Sze Yen Tan, Linda Tapsell

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: With physical inactivity inextricably linked to the increasing prevalence of obesity, there is a need for validated methods that measure free-living energy expenditure (EE) within sedentary environments. While accelerometers enable these measurements, few studies have compared device accuracy in such settings. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative validity of the Actigraph, RT3 and SenseWear Armband (SWA). Methods: Twenty-three (11 male, 12 female) participants (age: 25.3 ± 6.3 yr; BMI: 22.6 ± 2.7) wore 3 accelerometers at designated sites during a 4-hour stay in the Whole Room Calorimeter (WRC). Participants performed 2 10-minute bouts of light-intensity …