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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Impact Of Aerosol And Thin Cirrus On Retrieving And Validating Xco2 From Gosat Shortwave Infrared Measurements, S Guerlet, A Butz, D Schepers, S Basu, O Hasekamp, A Kuze, T Yokota, J.-F Blavier, N M. Deutscher, D W.T Griffith, F Hase, E Kyro, I Morino, V Sherlock, R Sussmann, A Galli, I Aben
Impact Of Aerosol And Thin Cirrus On Retrieving And Validating Xco2 From Gosat Shortwave Infrared Measurements, S Guerlet, A Butz, D Schepers, S Basu, O Hasekamp, A Kuze, T Yokota, J.-F Blavier, N M. Deutscher, D W.T Griffith, F Hase, E Kyro, I Morino, V Sherlock, R Sussmann, A Galli, I Aben
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
Inadequate treatment of aerosol scattering can be a significant source of error when retrieving column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) from space-based measurements of backscattered solar shortwave radiation. We have developed a retrieval algorithm, RemoTeC, that retrieves three aerosol parameters (amount, size, and height) simultaneously with XCO2. Here we evaluate the ability of RemoTeC to account for light path modifications by clouds, subvisual cirrus, and aerosols when retrieving XCO2 from Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) Thermal and Near-infrared Sensor for carbon Observation (TANSO)-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) measurements. We first evaluate a cloud filter based on measurements from the Cloud …
Hox Measurements In The Summertime Upper Troposphere Over Europe: A Comparison Of Observations To A Box Model And A 3-D Model, E Regelin, H Harder, M Martinez, D Kubistin, C Tatum Ernest, H Bozem, T Klippel, Z Hosaynali-Beygi, H Fischer, R Sander, P Jockel, R Konigstedt, J Lelieveld
Hox Measurements In The Summertime Upper Troposphere Over Europe: A Comparison Of Observations To A Box Model And A 3-D Model, E Regelin, H Harder, M Martinez, D Kubistin, C Tatum Ernest, H Bozem, T Klippel, Z Hosaynali-Beygi, H Fischer, R Sander, P Jockel, R Konigstedt, J Lelieveld
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
In situ airborne measurements of OH and HO2 with the HORUS (HydrOxyl Radical measurement Unit based on fluorescence Spectroscopy) instrument were performed in the summertime upper troposphere across Europe during the HOOVER 2 (HOx OVer EuRope) campaign in July 2007. Complementary measurements of trace gas species and photolysis frequencies were conducted to obtain a broad data set, which has been used to quantify the significant HOx sources and sinks. In this study we compare the in situ measurement of OH and HO2 with simulated mixing ratios from the constrained box model CAABA/MECCA (Chemistry As A Box Model Application/Module Efficiently Calculating …
Measurements Of Co, Hcn, And C2h6 Total Columns In Smoke Plumes Transported From The 2010 Russian Boreal Forest Fires To The Canadian High Arctic, C Viatte, K Strong, C Paton-Walsh, J Mendonca, N T. O'Neill, J R. Drummond
Measurements Of Co, Hcn, And C2h6 Total Columns In Smoke Plumes Transported From The 2010 Russian Boreal Forest Fires To The Canadian High Arctic, C Viatte, K Strong, C Paton-Walsh, J Mendonca, N T. O'Neill, J R. Drummond
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
In August 2010, simultaneous enhancements of aerosol optical depth and total columns of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and ethane (C2H6) were observed at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL, 80.05°N, −86.42°W, 0.61 km above sea level, Eureka, Nunavut, Canada). Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) hot spots, Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aerosol index maps, and Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) back-trajectories were used to attribute these enhancements to an intense boreal fire event occurring in Russia. A ground-based Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectrometer at PEARL provided vertically integrated measurements of trace gases transported in smoke plumes. …
Interlaboratory Study For Coral Sr/Ca And Other Element/Ca Ratio Measurements, Ed C. Hathorne, Alex Gagnon, Thomas Felis, Jess Adkins, Ryuji Asami, Wim Boer, Nicolas Caillon, David Case, Kim M. Cobb, Eric Douville, Peter Demenocal, Anton Eisenhauer, Dieter Garbe-Schonberg, Walter Geibert, Steven Goldstein, Konrad Hughen, Mayuri Inoue, Hodaka Kawahata, Martin Kolling, Florence L. Cornec, Braddock K. Linsley, Helen V. Mcgregor, Paolo Montagna, Intan S. Nurhati, Terrence M. Quinn, Jacek Raddatz, Helene Rebaubier, Laura Robinson, Aleksey Sadekov, Robert Sherrell, Dan Sinclair, Alexander W. Tudhope, Gangjian Wei, Henri Wong, Henry C. Wu, Chen-Feng You
Interlaboratory Study For Coral Sr/Ca And Other Element/Ca Ratio Measurements, Ed C. Hathorne, Alex Gagnon, Thomas Felis, Jess Adkins, Ryuji Asami, Wim Boer, Nicolas Caillon, David Case, Kim M. Cobb, Eric Douville, Peter Demenocal, Anton Eisenhauer, Dieter Garbe-Schonberg, Walter Geibert, Steven Goldstein, Konrad Hughen, Mayuri Inoue, Hodaka Kawahata, Martin Kolling, Florence L. Cornec, Braddock K. Linsley, Helen V. Mcgregor, Paolo Montagna, Intan S. Nurhati, Terrence M. Quinn, Jacek Raddatz, Helene Rebaubier, Laura Robinson, Aleksey Sadekov, Robert Sherrell, Dan Sinclair, Alexander W. Tudhope, Gangjian Wei, Henri Wong, Henry C. Wu, Chen-Feng You
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
The Sr/Ca ratio of coral aragonite is used to reconstruct past sea surface temperature (SST). Twenty-one laboratories took part in an interlaboratory study of coral Sr/Ca measurements. Results show interlaboratory bias can be significant, and in the extreme case could result in a range in SST estimates of 7°C. However, most of the data fall within a narrower range and the Porites coral reference material JCp-1 is now characterized well enough to have a certified Sr/Ca value of 8.838 mmol/mol with an expanded uncertainty of 0.089 mmol/mol following International Association of Geoanalysts (IAG) guidelines. This uncertainty, at the 95% confidence …
Simultaneous Retrieval Of Atmospheric Co2 And Light Path Modification From Space-Based Spectroscopic Observations Of Greenhouse Gases: Methodology And Application To Gosat Measurements Over Tccon Sites, Sergey Oshchepkov, Andrey Bril, Tatsuya Yokota, Yukio Yoshida, Thomas Blumenstock, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Susanne Dohe, Ronald Macatangay, Isamu Morino, Justus Notholt, Markus Rettinger, Christof Petri, Matthias Schneider, Ralf Sussmann, Osamu Uchino, Voltaire A. Velazco, Debra Wunch, Dmitry Belikov
Simultaneous Retrieval Of Atmospheric Co2 And Light Path Modification From Space-Based Spectroscopic Observations Of Greenhouse Gases: Methodology And Application To Gosat Measurements Over Tccon Sites, Sergey Oshchepkov, Andrey Bril, Tatsuya Yokota, Yukio Yoshida, Thomas Blumenstock, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Susanne Dohe, Ronald Macatangay, Isamu Morino, Justus Notholt, Markus Rettinger, Christof Petri, Matthias Schneider, Ralf Sussmann, Osamu Uchino, Voltaire A. Velazco, Debra Wunch, Dmitry Belikov
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
This paper presents an improved photon path length probability density function method that permits simultaneous retrievals of column-average greenhouse gas mole fractions and light path modifications through the atmosphere when processing high-resolution radiance spectra acquired from space. We primarily describe the methodology and retrieval setup and then apply them to the processing of spectra measured by the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). We have demonstrated substantial improvements of the data processing with simultaneous carbon dioxide and light path retrievals and reasonable agreement of the satellite-based retrievals against ground-based Fourier transform spectrometer measurements provided by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network …
Coupling Field And Laboratory Measurements To Estimate The Emission Factors Of Identified And Unidentified Trace Gases For Prescribed Fires, R Yokelson, I Burling, J Gilman, C Warneke, C Stockwell, J De Gouw, S Akagi, S Urbanski, P Veres, J M. Roberts, W C. Kuster, J Reardon, D W.T Griffith, T J. Johnson, S Hosseini, J W. Miller, D Cocker, H Jung, D R. Weise
Coupling Field And Laboratory Measurements To Estimate The Emission Factors Of Identified And Unidentified Trace Gases For Prescribed Fires, R Yokelson, I Burling, J Gilman, C Warneke, C Stockwell, J De Gouw, S Akagi, S Urbanski, P Veres, J M. Roberts, W C. Kuster, J Reardon, D W.T Griffith, T J. Johnson, S Hosseini, J W. Miller, D Cocker, H Jung, D R. Weise
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
An extensive program of experiments focused on biomass burning emissions began with a laboratory phase in which vegetative fuels commonly consumed in prescribed fires were collected in the southeastern and southwestern US and burned in a series of 71 fires at the US Forest Service Fire Sciences Laboratory in Missoula, Montana. The particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions were measured by gravimetric filter sampling with subsequent analysis for elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and 38 elements. The trace gas emissions were measured by an open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectrometer, proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), proton-transfer ion-trap mass spectrometry (PIT-MS), negative-ion proton-transfer …
Improved Water Vapour Spectroscopy In The 4174-4300 Cm(-1) Region And Its Impact On Sciamachy Hdo/H2o Measurements, R A. Scheepmaker, C Frankenberg, A Galli, A Butz, H Schrijver, N M. Deutscher, D Wunch, T Warneke, S Fally, I Aben
Improved Water Vapour Spectroscopy In The 4174-4300 Cm(-1) Region And Its Impact On Sciamachy Hdo/H2o Measurements, R A. Scheepmaker, C Frankenberg, A Galli, A Butz, H Schrijver, N M. Deutscher, D Wunch, T Warneke, S Fally, I Aben
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
The relative abundance of the heavy water isotopologue HDO provides a deeper insight into the atmospheric hydrological cycle. The SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CartograpHY (SCIAMACHY) allows for global retrievals of the ratio HDO/H2O in the 2.3 micron wavelength range. However, the spectroscopy of water lines in this region remains a large source of uncertainty for these retrievals. We therefore evaluate and improve the water spectroscopy in the range 4174-4300 cm(-1) and test if this reduces systematic uncertainties in the SCIAMACHY retrievals of HDO/H2O. We use a laboratory spectrum of water vapour to fit line intensity, air broadening and …
Organ Point Dose Measurements In Clinical Multi Slice Computed Tomography (Msct) Examinations With The Moskin™ Radiation Dosimeter, C P. L Lian, A Young, D Cutajar, N Freeman, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld
Organ Point Dose Measurements In Clinical Multi Slice Computed Tomography (Msct) Examinations With The Moskin™ Radiation Dosimeter, C P. L Lian, A Young, D Cutajar, N Freeman, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
This study reports on the application of the MOSkin™ dosimeter in MSCT imaging for the real-time measurement of absorbed organ point doses in a tissue-equivalent female anthropomorphic phantom. MOSkin™ dosimeters were placed within the phantom to measure absorbed point organ doses for 2 commonly applied clinical scan protocols, namely the renal calculus scan and the pulmonary embolus scan. Measured organ doses in the imaged field of view were found to be in the dose range 4.7-9.5 mGy and 16.2-27.4 mGy for the renal calculus scan and pulmonary scan protocols respectively. For the derivation of effective dose, using the more recent …
Critical Current Density: Measurements Vs. Reality, Alexey V. Pan, Igor Golovchanskiy, Sergey Fedoseev
Critical Current Density: Measurements Vs. Reality, Alexey V. Pan, Igor Golovchanskiy, Sergey Fedoseev
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
Different experimental techniques are employed to evaluate the critical current density (Jc), namely transport current measurements and two different magnetisation measurements forming quasi-equilibrium and dynamic critical states. Our technique-dependent results for superconducting YBa 2Cu3O7 (YBCO) film and MgB2 bulk samples show an extremely high sensitivity of Jc and associated interpretations, such as irreversibility fields and Kramer plots, which lose meaning without a universal approach. We propose such approach for YBCO films based on their unique pinning features. This approach allows us to accurately recalculate the magnetic-field-dependent Jc obtained by any technique into the Jc behaviour, which would have been measured …
Rectifying Differences In Transport, Dynamic, And Quasi-Equilibrium Measurements Of Critical Current Density, I A. Golovchanskiy, A V. Pan, O V. Shcherbakova, S A. Fedoseev
Rectifying Differences In Transport, Dynamic, And Quasi-Equilibrium Measurements Of Critical Current Density, I A. Golovchanskiy, A V. Pan, O V. Shcherbakova, S A. Fedoseev
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
The dependence of the critical current density (Jc ) on electric field criteria (E cr) is studied for high-quality YBCO (YBa2Cu3O7) thin films over the entire applied magnetic field (Ba) range. The quantitative model describing the Jc(Ba) dependence is compared and explained for the critical current densities obtained by different measurement techniques. Transport current and quasi-equilibrium magnetization measurement data can successfully be fitted by the model with appropriate electric field criteria. The dependence of the irreversibility field on the E cr criterion can be obtained within …
Measurements Of Reactive Trace Gases And Variable O3 Formation Rates In Some South Carolina Biomass Burning Plumes, S K. Akagi, Robert J. Yokelson, I R. Burling, S Meinardi, I Simpson, D R. Blake, G R. Mcmeeking, A Sullivan, T Lee, S Kreidenweis, S Urbanski, J Reardon, D W.T Griffith, T J. Johnson, D R. Weise
Measurements Of Reactive Trace Gases And Variable O3 Formation Rates In Some South Carolina Biomass Burning Plumes, S K. Akagi, Robert J. Yokelson, I R. Burling, S Meinardi, I Simpson, D R. Blake, G R. Mcmeeking, A Sullivan, T Lee, S Kreidenweis, S Urbanski, J Reardon, D W.T Griffith, T J. Johnson, D R. Weise
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
In October–November 2011 we measured trace gas emission factors from seven prescribed fires in South Carolina (SC), US, using two Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) systems and whole air sampling (WAS) into canisters followed by gas-chromatographic analysis. A total of 97 trace gas species were quantified from both airborne and ground-based sampling platforms, making this one of the most detailed field studies of fire emissions to date. The measurements include the first emission factors for a suite of monoterpenes produced by heating vegetative fuels during field fires. The first quantitative FTIR observations of limonene in smoke are reported along with …
Some Influences On Wall Friction Measurements - A Preliminary Investigation, Wendy Halford, Cameron Lawler, Andrew P. Grima, Peter C. Arnold
Some Influences On Wall Friction Measurements - A Preliminary Investigation, Wendy Halford, Cameron Lawler, Andrew P. Grima, Peter C. Arnold
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
The concept of measuring the friction between a bulk solid and a wall material is very simple. However, experience together with previous wall friction measurement research suggest that variables that influence wall friction values are difficult to quantify and, so far, are proving unreliable to predict with any degree of confidence. In this paper some preliminary test results are presented for different bulk solids on different wall plates where variables examined include particle size distribution, moisture content, test cell size and shear speed. The outcomes presented confirm the authors' belief that with the present state of knowledge about wall friction …