Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Effects Of Atmospheric Light Scattering On Spectroscopic Observations Of Greenhouse Gases From Space. Part 2: Algorithm Intercomparison In The Gosat Data Processing For Co2 Retrievals Over Tccon Sites, Sergey Oshchepkov, Andrey Bril, Tatsuya Yokota, Paul O. Wennberg, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Debra Wunch, Geoffrey C. Toon, Yukio Yoshida, Christopher W. O'Dell, David Crisp, Charles E. Miller, Christian Frankenberg, Andre Butz, Ilse Aben, Sandrine Guerlet, Otto Hasekamp, Hartmut Boesch, Austin Cogan, Robert Parker, David Griffith, Ronald Macatangay, Justus Notholt, Ralf Sussmann, Markus Rettinger, Vanessa Sherlock, John Robinson, Esko Kyro, Pauli Heikkinen, Dietrich G. Feist, Isamu Morino, Nikolay Kadygrov, Dmitry Belikov, Shamil Maksyutov, Tsuneo Matsunaga, Osamu Uchino, Hiroshi Watanabe

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

This report is the second in a series of companion papers describing the effects of atmospheric light scattering in observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) by the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT), in orbit since 23 January 2009. Here we summarize the retrievals from six previously published algorithms; retrieving column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) during 22 months of operation of GOSAT from June 2009. First, we compare data products from each algorithm with ground-based remote sensing observations by Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). Our GOSAT-TCCON coincidence criteria select satellite observations within a 5° radius of 11 …

Concise Synthesis Of Α-Substituted 2-Benzofuranmethamines And Other 2-Subsituted Benzofurans Via Α-Substituted 2-Benzofuranmethyl Carbocation Intermediates, Nikhom Wongsa, Ubonta Sommart, Thunwadee Ritthiwigrom, Arife Yazici, Somdej Kanokmedhakul, Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul, Anthony C. Willis, Stephen G. Pyne

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Propargyl amines 4, where R3 is aryl, undergo 5-exo-dig cyclization reactions under relatively mild conditions (AgNO3, DMF, 60 °C, 1 h) to give 3-amino-2,3-dihydro-2-arylmethylidenebenzofurans 5 (R3 = aryl). In contrast, substrates where R3 is alkyl undergo competing 6-endo-dig and 5-exo-dig cyclization processes. The hydroxymethyl substrate 4 (R3 = CH2OH), however, was smoothly converted to its corresponding 5-exo-dig cyclization product 5, likely due to the assistance of the primary hydroxyl group in the 5-exo-dig cyclization process by silver cation coordination. Under more enforcing conditions (AgNO3, DMF, 100 °C, 18 h), the initially formed products 5 undergo a 1,3-allylic rearrangement to their …

Segregation Of A Latent High Adiposity Phenotype In Families With A History Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Implicates Rare Obesity-Susceptibility Genetic Variants With Large Effects In Diabetes-Related Obesity, Arthur B. Jenkins, Marijka Batterham, Dorit Samocha-Bonet, Katherine Tonks, Jerry R. Greenfield, Lesley V. Campbell

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background We recently reported significantly greater weight gain in non-diabetic healthy subjects with a 1st degree family history (FH+) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than in a matched control group without such history (FH−) during voluntary overfeeding, implying co-inheritance of susceptibilities to T2DM and obesity. We have estimated the extent and mode of inheritance of susceptibility to increased adiposity in FH+.

Methods Normoglycaemic participants were categorised either FH+ (≥1 1st degree relative with T2DM, 50F/30M, age 45±14 (SD) yr) or FH− (71F/51M, age 43±14 yr). Log-transformed anthropometric measurements (height, hip and waist circumferences) and lean, bone and fat mass …

Higher Regular Fat Dairy Consumption Is Associated With Lower Incidence Of Metabolic Syndrome But Not Type 2 Diabetes, J C. Y Louie, V M. Flood, A M. Rangan, G Burlutsky, T P. Gill, B Gopinath, P Mitchell

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background and aims Limited evidence suggests habitual dairy consumption to be protective against metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and type 2 diabetes among older adults. We assessed the association of baseline consumption of dairy products with the incidence of MetSyn and type 2 diabetes among a cohort of Australian adults aged 49 years and over. Methods and results A validated 145-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess food and nutrient intake at baseline. Ten-year incidence of MetSyn and type 2 diabetes were obtained from 1807 and 1824 subjects respectively. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated by discrete time logistic regression modelling. …

Hydroxyl Radical Formation In The Gas Phase Oxidation Of Distonic 2-Methylphenyl Radical Cations, Matthew Prendergast, Phillip A. Cooper, Benjamin B. Kirk, Gabriel Da Silva, Stephen J. Blanksby, Adam J. Trevitt

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The reactions of distonic 4-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)-2-methylphenyl and 5-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)-2-methylphenyl radical cations (m/z 149) with O 2 are studied in the gas phase using ion-trap mass spectrometry. Photodissociation (PD) of halogenated precursors gives rise to the target distonic charge-tagged methylphenyl radical whereas collision-induced dissociation (CID) is found to produce unreactive radical ions. The PD generated distonic radicals, however, react rapidly with O2 to form [M + O2]•+ and [M + O2 - OH]•+ ions, detected at m/z 181 and m/z 164, respectively. Quantum chemical calculations using G3SX(MP3) and M06-2X theories are deployed to examine key decomposition pathways of the 5-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)-2-methylphenylperoxyl radical and rationalise …

Sequential 1,4- And 1,2-Addition Reactions To Α,Β-Unsaturated N-Acyliminium Ions: A New Strategy For The Synthesis Of Spiro And Bridged Heterocycles, Arife Yazici, Stephen G. Pyne

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Novel bicyclic and tetracyclic spirocycles and tricyclic bridged heterocyclic systems can be readily prepared from sequential 1,4- and 1,2-addition reactions of latent bis-nucleophiles to α,β-unsaturated N-acyliminium ions.

Comment On "Accordion Vs. Quantum Tectonics: Insights Into Continental Growth Processes From The Paleozoic Of Eastern Gondwana" By Jonathan C. Aitchison, Solomon Buckman Gondwana Research, Volume 22, Issue 2, September 2012, Pages 674-680, C L. Fergusson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

In regard to the tectonic history of the Lachlan Fold Belt, Aitchison and Buckman (2012) argued that "numerous aspects of the observed geology appear to be incompatible with the existing model" and that an "alternative model envisages arc-continent collision events (quantum tectonics) as a primary means of large-scale continental growth". My purpose is to challenge these arguments and to question their interpretation that rapid continental growth in the Lachlan Fold Belt has been achieved by thrusting of an island arc over a passive margin.

Protease-Activated Alpha-2-Macroglobulin Can Inhibit Amyloid Formation Via Two Distinct Mechanisms, Amy R. Wyatt, Patrick Constantinescu, Heath Ecroyd, Christopher M. Dobson, Mark R. Wilson, Janet R. Kumita, Justin J. Yerbury

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

α2-Macroglobulin (α2M) is an extracellular chaperone that inhibits amorphous and fibrillar protein aggregation. The reaction of α2M with proteases results in an ‘activated’ conformation, where the proteases become covalently-linked within the interior of a cage-like structure formed by α2M. This study investigates, the effect of activation on the ability of α2M to inhibit amyloid formation by Aβ1–42 and I59T human lysozyme and shows that protease-activated α2M can act via two distinct mechanisms: (i) by trapping proteases that remain able to degrade polypeptide chains and (ii) by a chaperone action that prevents misfolded clients from continuing along the amyloid forming pathway.

Development And Validation Of An Insulin Proficiency Assessment Tool For Insulin Self-Management In Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Dianna Fornasier, Andrew Bonney

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

No abstract provided.

Micro-Biomechanics Of The Kebara 2 Hyoid And Its Implications For Speech In Neanderthals, Ruggero D'Anastasio, Stephen Wroe, Claudio Tuniz, Lucia Mancini, Deneb T. Cesana, Diego Dreossi, Mayoorendra Ravichandiran, Marie Attard, William C. H Parr, Anne Agur, Luigi Capasso

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The description of a Neanderthal hyoid from Kebara Cave (Israel) in 1989 fuelled scientific debate on the evolution of speech and complex language. Gross anatomy of the Kebara 2 hyoid differs little from that of modern humans. However, whether Homo neanderthalensis could use speech or complex language remains controversial. Similarity in overall shape does not necessarily demonstrate that the Kebara 2 hyoid was used in the same way as that of Homo sapiens. The mechanical performance of whole bones is partly controlled by internal trabecular geometries, regulated by bone-remodelling in response to the forces applied. Here we show that the …