Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Oat Β-Glucan Supplementation Does Not Enhance The Effectiveness Of An Energy-Restricted Diet In Overweight Women, Eleanor J. Beck, Linda C. Tapsell, Marijka J. Batterham, Susan M. Tosh, Xu-Feng Huang

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Epidemiological evidence shows an inverse relationship between dietary fibre intake and body weight gain. Oat β-glucan, a soluble fibre alters appetite hormones and subjective satiety in acute meal test studies, but its effects have not been demonstrated with chronic consumption. The present study aimed to test the effects in women of two different doses of oat β-glucan on weight loss and hormones associated with appetite regulation. In a 3-month parallel trial, sixty-six overweight females were randomised into one of three 2 MJ energy-deficit diets: a control and two interventions including 5–6 g or 8–9 g β-glucan. Anthropometric and metabolic variables …

The Effect Of A Tiered Body Armour System On Soldier Physical Mobility, Gregory Peoples, Aaron Silk, Sean Notley, Laura Holland, Brooke Collier, Daniel Lee

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Current military operations involve complex omnipresent threats, resulting in the need for all soldiers, regardless of occupational speciality, to wear body armour during operational deployment. Body armour is typically comprised of both hard and soft armour and is designed to provide ballistic, fragmentation and stab protection. The weight load and bulk of body armour, which is influenced by the materials used and extent of hard and soft armour coverage of the body, has the potential to affect a soldiers physical mobility on the battlefield. Intuitively it would appear logical that as the external load a soldier carries increases there is …

Building Capacity In Medical Education Research In Australia, Ian G. Wilson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

ANZAME (the Australian and New Zealand Association for Medical Education) shares two significant concerns about medical education in Australia that were raised in articles published recently in the Journal.

Learning The Ways Of Teaching: Medical Students As Co-Assessors And Peer Teachers, Susan Vella, Lisa Brown

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

No abstract provided.

Teaching In The Simulated Learning Environment, Leeanne Heaton

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Abstract of a presentation that was presented at SimTecT Health 2010, 30 August - 2 September, Melbourne, Australia.

Student Nurses' Experience Of Simulation In Preparation For Practice, Angela Hope, Joanne Garside, Stephen Prescott

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

No abstract provided.

Developing Essential Nursing Dvds: A Collaborative Project, Stephen Prescott, Angela Hope, Michael Fisher

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

No abstract provided.

Simulation - The Next Generation, Barbara Wood, Angela Hope

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

No abstract provided.

Learning Through Simulated Practice-An Exploration Of The Learning Process, Angela Hope, Annie Topping, Jean Nhemachena

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: Pre-registration Nursing Students learning through Simulated Practice Personal observations supported by peers Examination of attendance figures in theory and simulation teaching Lack of ability around numeracy and literacy Evaluation studies

Student Nurses' Experience Of Simulation In Preparation For Practice, Stephen Prescott, Joanne Garside, Angela Hope

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

At the University of Huddersfield the acquisition of skills and underpinning knowledge through simulation has been firmly embedded into the pre-registration nursing curriculum. This workshop will provide a summary of a pilot project on student evaluation, and the outcomes from a phenomenological study involving final year nursing students' experiences of simulation throughout the curriculum. Simulation took several differing approaches in order to maximize learning opportunities and provide innovative assessment strategies.

Direct Observation Of Enzymes Replicating Dna Using A Single-Molecule Dna Stretching Assay, Arkadiusz W. Kulczyk, Nathan Tanner, Joseph J. Loparo, Charles C. Richardson, Antoine M. Van Oijen

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

We describe a method for observing real time replication of individual DNA molecules mediated by proteins of the bacteriophage replication system. Linearized λ DNA is modified to have a biotin on the end of one strand, and a digoxigenin moiety on the other end of the same strand. The biotinylated end is attached to a functionalized glass coverslip and the digoxigeninated end to a small bead. The assembly of these DNA-bead tethers on the surface of a flow cell allows a laminar flow to be applied to exert a drag force on the bead. As a result, the DNA is …

Clasp Promotes Microtubule Rescue By Recruiting Tubulin Dimers To The Microtubule, Jawdat Al-Bassam, Hwajin Kim, Gary Brouhard, Antoine M. Van Oijen, Stephen C. Harrison, Fred Chang

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Spatial regulation of microtubule (MT) dynamics contributes to cell polarity and cell division. MT rescue, in which a MT stops shrinking and reinitiates growth, is the least understood aspect of MT dynamics. Cytoplasmic Linker Associated Proteins (CLASPs) are a conserved class of MT-associated proteins that contribute to MT stabilization and rescue in vivo. We show here that the Schizosaccharomyces pombe CLASP, Cls1p, is a homodimer that binds an αβ-tubulin heterodimer through conserved TOG-like domains. In vitro, CLASP increases MT rescue frequency, decreases MT catastrophe frequency, and moderately decreases MT disassembly rate. CLASP binds stably to the MT lattice, recruits tubulin, …

Single-Molecule Binding Experiments On Long Time Scales, Mark P. Elenko, Jack W. Szostak, Antoine M. Van Oijen

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

We describe an approach for performing single-molecule binding experiments on time scales from hours to days, allowing for the observation of slower kinetics than have been previously investigated by single-molecule techniques. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy is used to image the binding of labeled ligand to molecules specifically coupled to the surface of an optically transparent flow cell. Long-duration experiments are enabled by ensuring sufficient positional, chemical, thermal, and imagestability. Principal components of this experimental stability include illumination timing, solution replacement, and chemical treatment of solution to reduce photodamage and photobleaching; and autofocusing to correct for spatial drift.

Uncoupling Of Sister Replisomes During Eukaryotic Dna Replication, Hasan Yardimci, Anna B. Loveland, Satoshi Habuchi, Antoine M. Van Oijen, Johannes C. Walter

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The duplication of eukaryotic genomes involves the replication of DNA from multiple origins of replication. In S phase, two sister replisomes assemble at each active origin, and they replicate DNA in opposite directions. Little is known about the functional relationship between sister replisomes. Some data imply that they travel away from one another and thus function independently. Alternatively, sister replisomes may form a stationary, functional unit that draws parental DNA toward itself. If this "double replisome" model is correct, a constrained DNA molecule should not undergo replication. To test this prediction, lambda DNA was stretched and immobilized at both ends …

Analysis Of Kinetic Intermediates In Single-Particle Dwell-Time Distributions, Daniel L. Floyd, Stephen C. Harrison, Antoine M. Van Oijen

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Many biological and chemical processes proceed through one or more intermediate steps. Statistical analysis of dwell-time distributions from single molecule trajectories enables the study of intermediate steps that are not directly observable. Here, we discuss the application of the randomness parameter and model fitting in determining the number of steps in a stochastic process. Through simulated examples, we show some of the limitations of these techniques. We discuss how shot noise and heterogeneity among the transition rates of individual steps affect how accurately the number of steps can be determined. Finally, we explore dynamic disorder in multistep reactions and show …

Imaging Spectroscopy Of Vegetation Photosynthetic Activity, Zbynek Malenovky, Michael E. Schaepman, Alexander Damm, Felix Morsdorf

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Abstract of paper that was presented at the Symposium GIS Ostrava 2010: GIS meets Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry towards Digital World, 24-27 Janurary, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava campus, the New Hall building, Ostrava, Czech Republic.

Implementing Evidence-Based Practice In Taiwanese Nursing Homes Attitudes And Perceived Barriers And Facilitators, Hui Chen Chang, Cherry Russell, Mairwen Jones

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

To date, there is a paucity of research investigating nurses' perceptions of evidence-based practice (EBP) in nursing homes, especially in non-Western countries. This descriptive, quantitative study investigated attitudes toward and perceived barriers and facilitators to research utilization among 89 Taiwanese RNs. The majority of nurses expressed positive attitudes toward research and EBP. The most frequently cited barriers were related to insufficient authority to change practice, difficulty understanding statistical analyses, and a perceived isolation from knowledgeable colleagues with whom to discuss the research. EBP facilitators included improved access to computers and Internet facilities in the workplace, more effective research training, and …

穴位按壓對護理之家住民便秘成效之研究, Hui Chen Chang, Su-Ching Kuo, Pei Ying Chen, Hui-Wen Chien

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The purpose of this study is to compare the acupressure program with abdominal massage and laxatives for constipation in elderly nursing home residents. An experimental research design was conducted in two nursing homes in Hsinchu City, Taiwan, with ninety elderly (aged over sixty-five years) nursing home residents who experienced bowel openings less than twice a week.

Subjects were assigned to three groups randomly, one is control group (with laxatives only), and the other two are experimental groups (one with laxatives and abdominal massage and the other with laxatives, acupressure and abdominal massage). The research was performed over 10 days. A …

Sensitivity Of The Female Rat To Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain - Far From The Clinic?, Katrina Weston-Green, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Dear Editor, The recent paper by Chintoh and colleagues (2008) reporting olanzapine-induced dysfunction in glucose metabolism, enhanced visceral fat and reduced locomotor activity in female rats was highly interesting as it illustrated olanzapine’s ability to replicate aspects of metabolic dysfunction in the rodent model in a similar manner to the human scenario. However, contrary to previous reports in the rat and the clinic, the authors reported no change in body weight or food intake following olanzapine treatment, questioning the validity of the rat model.................

Potential Control Of Antipsychotic-Induced Hyperprolactinemia And Obesity In Children And Adolescents By Aripiprazole, J Lian, Xu-Feng Huang, Nagesh Pai, Chao Deng

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The paper published in your journal by Migiliardi et al. (2009) reported that increased hyperprolactinemia is a major side-effect of risperidone and olanzapine treatment in children and adolescents. They showed that risperidone could cause 10 times higher prolactin levels than olanzapine treatment in children and adolescents. This was a well-designed study that controlled for dose, gender, and individual differences, as well as response differences to treatment duration (Migliardi et al. 2009). However, another important issue that should be considered, but was not reported in this study, is antipsychotic-induced weight gain/obesity. Clinical data have demonstrated that weight gain is a major …

What Is The Mechanism For Aripiprazole's Effect On Reducing Olanzapine-Associated Obesity?, Chao Deng, J-Z Chen, Changhua Hu, Xu-Feng Huang

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

We read with great interest Henderson and colleagues’ paper in your journal (2009; 29:165–169), which reported that aripiprazole reduced olanzapine-induced overweight/obesity and hyperlipidemia in a 10-week placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study. This and their previous studies, provide a new way for controlling olanzapine- and clozapine-induced weight gain/obesity using another atypical antipsychotic, even without reducing the original olanzapine and clozapine doses, which is important particularly for treatment of refractory schizophrenia patients. ....

Cosmogenic 21ne Analysis Of Individual Detrital Grains: Opportunities And Limitations, Alexandru T. Codilean, Paul Bishop, Trevor B. Hoey, Finlay M. Stuart, Derek Fabel

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

We use a numerical model describing cosmogenic nuclide acquisition in sediment moving through the upper Gaub River catchment to evaluate the extent to which aspects of source area geomorphology and geomorphological processes can be inferred from frequency distributions of cosmogenic 21Ne (21Nec) concentrations in individual detrital grains. The numerical model predicts the pathways of sediment grains from their source to the outlet of the catchment and calculates the total 21Nec concentration that each grain acquires along its pathway. The model fully accounts for variations in nuclide production due to changes in latitude, altitude and topographic shielding and allows for spatially …

Investigating The Glacial History Of The Northern Sector Of The Cordilleran Ice Sheet With Cosmogenic 10be Concentrations In Quartz, Arjen P. Stroeven, Derek Fabel, Alexandru T. Codilean, Johan Kleman, John J. Clague, Maria Miguens-Rodriguez, Sheng Xu

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Exposure durations of glacial landforms in widely separated areas of central Yukon Territory affected by the northern sector of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS) and alpine glaciers have been determined using cosmogenic 10Be in quartz. The aim of our research is to test previous reconstructions of glacial history and to begin to address the paucity of chronological control for the lateral and vertical extent of the northern CIS. Chronological evidence for CIS expansion predating the Last Glacial Maximum comes from minimum surface exposure durations of c 100 ka for two bedrock samples within the Reid glacial limit, indicating a possible …

Selection Of Integration Time Intervals For Quartz Osl Decay Curves, Alastair C. Cunningham, Jakob Wallinga

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

In quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating protocols, an initial integral of the OSL decay curve is used in the calculation of equivalent dose, once a background integral has been subtracted. Because the OSL signal commonly contains a number of exponentially decaying components, the exact choice of time intervals used for the initial-signal and background integrals determines the composition of the net signal. Here we investigate which combination of time intervals will produce the net signal most dominated by the fast OSL component, while keeping an acceptable level of precision. Using a three-component model of OSL decay, we show that …

A New Late Devonian Brachiopod Fauna From New South Wales, Anthony J. Wright, Jiaxin Yan

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

No abstract provided.

Hydroxyl Radicals In The Tropical Troposphere Over The Suriname Rainforest: Airborne Measurements, M Martinez, H Harder, Dagmar Kubistin, M Rudolf, G Eerdekens, H Fischer, T Klupfel, C Gurk, R Konigstedt, U Parchatka, C L. Schiller, A Stickler, J Williams, J Lelieveld

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Direct measurements of OH and HO2 over a tropical rainforest were made for the first time during the GABRIEL campaign in October 2005, deploying the custom-built HORUS instrument (HydrOxyl Radical measurement Unit based on fluorescence Spectroscopy), adapted to fly in a Learjet wingpod. Biogenic hydrocarbon emissions were expected to strongly reduce the OH and HO2 mixing ratios as the air is transported from the ocean over the forest. However, surprisingly high mixing ratios of both OH and HO2 were encountered in the boundary layer over the rainforest. The HORUS instrumentation and calibration methods are described in detail and the measurement …

Technical Note: Formal Blind Intercomparison Of Ho2 Measurements In The Atmosphere Simulation Chamber Saphir During The Hoxcomp Campaign, H Fuchs, T Brauers, H -P Dorn, H Harder, R Haseler, A Hofzumahaus, F Holland, Yugo Kanaya, Y Kajii, Dagmar Kubistin, S Lou, M Martinez, K Miyamoto, S Nishida, M Rudolf, E Schlosser, A Wahner, A Yoshino, U Schurath

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Hydroperoxy radical (HO2) concentrations were measured during the formal blind intercomparison campaign HOxComp carried out in Jülich, Germany, in 2005. Three instruments detected HO2 via chemical conversion to hydroxyl radicals (OH) and subsequent detection of the sum of OH and HO2 by laser induced fluorescence (LIF). All instruments were based on the same detection and calibration scheme. Because measurements by a MIESR instrument failed during the campaign, no absolute reference measurement was available, so that the accuracy of individual instruments could not be addressed. Instruments sampled ambient air for three days and were attached to the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR …

Hydroxyl Radicals In The Tropical Troposphere Over The Suriname Rainforest: Comparison Of Measurements With The Box Model Mecca, Dagmar Kubistin, H Harder, M Martinez, M Rudolf, R Sander, H Bozem, G Eerdekens, H Fischer, C Gurk, T Klupfel, R Konigstedt, U Parchatka, C L. Schiller, A Stickler, D Taraborrelli, J Williams, J Lelieveld

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

As a major source region of the hydroxyl radical OH, the Tropics largely control the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere on a global scale. However, emissions of hydrocarbons from the tropical rainforest that react rapidly with OH can potentially deplete the amount of OH and thereby reduce the oxidation capacity. The airborne GABRIEL field campaign in equatorial South America (Suriname) in October 2005 investigated the influence of the tropical rainforest on the HOx budget (HOx = OH + HO2). The first observations of OH and HO2 over a tropical rainforest are compared to steady state concentrations calculated with the atmospheric …

B Cell-Intrinsic Signaling Through Il-21 Receptor And Stat3 Is Required For Establishing Long-Lived Antibody Responses In Humans, Danielle T. Avery, Elissa K. Deenick, Cindy S. Ma, Santi Suryani, Nicholas Simpson, Gary Y. J Chew, Tyani D. Chan, Umamainthan Palendira, Jacinta Bustamante, Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis, Sharon Choo, Karl E. Bleasel, Jane Peake, Cecile King, Martyn French, Dan Engelhard, Sami Al-Hajjar, Saleh Al-Muhsen, Klaus Magdorf, Joachim Roesler, Peter D. Arkwright, Pravin Hissaria, D. Sean Riminton, Melanie Wong, Robert Brink, David A. Fulcher, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Matthew C. Cook, Stuart Tangye

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Engagement of cytokine receptors by specific ligands activate Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways. The exact roles of STATs in human lymphocyte behavior remain incompletely defined. Interleukin (IL)-21 activates STAT1 and STAT3 and has emerged as a potent regulator of B cell differentiation. We have studied patients with inactivating mutations in STAT1 or STAT3 to dissect their contribution to B cell function in vivo and in response to IL-21 in vitro. STAT3 mutations dramatically reduced the number of functional, antigen (Ag)-specific memory B cells and abolished the ability of IL-21 to induce naive B cells to …

National Review Of Food Label Law & Policy - Australia, Heather Yeatman

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Australia is the first country in the world to undertake a complete review of food label law and policy. This independent Review Panel is charged with examining current policies, standards and laws relevant to food labelling; the policy drivers impacting on demands for food labelling; and the policies and mechanisms that are needed to ensure that government plays its optimum role. Particular areas of nutrition focus include health claims and front of pack labelling. The genesis of the review was Australian governments' commitment to regulatory reform to create a seamless national economy, reduce the regulatory burden, and maintain or increase …