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Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Attorneys' And Jurors' Perceptions Of Juvenile Offenders' Culpability, Catherine Camilletti
Attorneys' And Jurors' Perceptions Of Juvenile Offenders' Culpability, Catherine Camilletti
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Factors affecting attorneys' and mock jurors' perceptions of a juvenile offender's culpability were investigated. In study one, 30 attorneys from Texas responded to a survey in which they rated how likely 20 factors were to mitigate a juvenile offender's culpability in jurors' eyes. In study two, college students, serving as mock jurors, saw a photo of a juvenile offender and read a trial transcript. This study determined whether a juvenile offender's appearance (youthful vs. adult-like) and mock jurors' perceptions of the current crime trend would affect their verdict and sentence recommendations. Attorneys thought a juvenile offenders' youthful appearance would mitigate …
Hedonic Housing Prices In Ciudad Juarez, Karen P. Fierro
Hedonic Housing Prices In Ciudad Juarez, Karen P. Fierro
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Studies of the valuation of housing attributes abound. Empirical studies of this nature for Latin America and Mexico are less common. This study utilizes data for 175 new houses in Ciudad Juarez to estimate a hedonic pricing model. All units in the sample were completed and sold between November 2006 and April 2007. For each house, a total of fourteen characteristics, both structural and locational, are employed as explanatory variables. Empirical results indicate that the structural characteristics play a bigger role than the neighborhood amenities. Surprisingly, neighborhood parks are found to lower housing values
Myspace Use As A Potentially Dysfunctional Internet Behavior, Linda Maria Anderson
Myspace Use As A Potentially Dysfunctional Internet Behavior, Linda Maria Anderson
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
As Internet use has increased, the use of social networking websites such as MySpace and Facebook has become widespread. This study examined the prevalence of dysfunctional Internet-related behaviors in a sample of 302 undergraduates with MySpace accounts. Dysfunctional Internet behaviors were assessed by a Dysfunctional Internet Use Scale (DIUS) developed by Morahan-Martin and Schumacher (2000), and dysfunctional Internet behaviors specifically related to MySpace were assessed by a separate instrument modeled on the DIUS, the Dysfunctional MySpace Use Scale (DMUS). According to criteria suggested by Morahan-Martin and Schumacher, the prevalence of dysfunctional Internet use in the present sample was 39.7%, and …
Developing Lexical Competition Resolution Mechanisms Through Reading Experiences, Ana B. Areas Da Luz Fontes
Developing Lexical Competition Resolution Mechanisms Through Reading Experiences, Ana B. Areas Da Luz Fontes
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The goal of the present study was to investigate whether competition resolution mechanisms are improved throughout a student's college years. For this purpose, I bilingual participants with a range in the number of college credits completed (e.g., freshmen to seniors) were recruited. Participants were presented with sentences that biased the less frequent, or subordinate meaning of an ambiguous word (e.g., novel, fast) (e.g., novel: something new; fast: to not eat). The ambiguous word was either a Spanish-English cognate (e.g., novel/novela) or a noncognate control (e.g., fast). These sentences were followed by target words that, on critical trials, were related to …
Evaluation Of An Image Processing Algorithm For Scene Change Detection, Daniel Flores
Evaluation Of An Image Processing Algorithm For Scene Change Detection, Daniel Flores
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Despite the efforts to reduce traffic accidents by government entities and automobile manufactures, the numbers of accidents are not considerably reduced. An evaluation of an algorithm based on the fly's eye is done on this research applying its principles to detect scene change on images for printed circuit boards providing initial steps to implement this algorithm on vehicular traffic to keep track of objects moving on the field for collision avoidance purposes. The effectiveness of the algorithm is addressed through a comparison of its performance with that found in experimental data.
Cervical Cancer Risk Behaviors In Women Attending A Dysplasia Clinic In Chihuahua City, Cynthia Guerrero
Cervical Cancer Risk Behaviors In Women Attending A Dysplasia Clinic In Chihuahua City, Cynthia Guerrero
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Cervical cancer mortality rates are 3.5 times higher in Chihuahua State than in Texas. Identifying risk behaviors in women living in the state of Chihuahua is important to understand what behaviors might need to be addressed through cultural relevant educational programs. My study uses a dataset collected in the summer of 2007 in a Dysplasia clinic located in Chihuahua City. This dataset provides information on six risk behaviors, two diagnostic methods of detecting cervical cancer, and women's residency by municipios. The number of live births was statistically significant in predicting cervical cancer diagnosis by Pap smear and Colposcopy. There were …
Exploring Dialectic Tensions In Teachers' Relationships In School Settings, Griselda Rodriguez
Exploring Dialectic Tensions In Teachers' Relationships In School Settings, Griselda Rodriguez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This study explored the feasibility of using dialectic theory to study of dialectic oppositions in teachers' school-based relationships. Employing relational dialectics as a theoretical framework, this study exposed several sets of dialectical forces emerging in teachers' relationships. 23 high school teachers were interviewed utilizing a semi-structured questionnaire; interviews were transcribed and coded for analysis. The analysis revealed that the dialectic tensions of control vs. emancipation, empowerment vs. oppression are prevalent in teachers' relationships with administrators; the dialectic tensions of solidarity vs. autonomy and fragmentation vs. unity are common in the relationships of teachers with administrators and colleagues as well; while …
Theory Of Planned Behavior Constructs As Mediators Of Behavior Change Associated With A Brief Alcohol Intervention, Denise Servo
Theory Of Planned Behavior Constructs As Mediators Of Behavior Change Associated With A Brief Alcohol Intervention, Denise Servo
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This study examined the Theory of Planned Behavior constructs (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control [PBC], and behavioral intentions) as mediators of changes in alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems in a longitudinal sample of 206 college students. The Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS) is a program designed to curb risky alcohol consumption and its related consequences among college students. Eligible students completed a baseline assessment battery at assessment and again six months after participating in BASICS. The AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) assessed alcohol consumption and the RAPI (Rutgers Alcohol Problem Inventory) assessed alcohol-related problems. …
Allocating Emergency Response Vehicles To Cover Critical Infrastructures, Hao Lei
Allocating Emergency Response Vehicles To Cover Critical Infrastructures, Hao Lei
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Optimal deployment of limited emergency response service units in a metropolitan area is of interests to public agencies. The limited emergency units not only have to respond to the demand for service by residents and businesses, but also cover Critical Infrastructures (CIs). This Thesis formulates an improved optimization model to allocate different types of Emergency Response Service (ERS) units among their candidate base stations. The allocation of units must ensure maximum coverage to CIs, subject to the capacities of the base stations, service standard in terms of time to reach the CIs, and the availability of the ERS units (when …
The Effects Of Using A Scripted Or Unscripted Interview In Forensic Interviews With Interpreters, Nicole Pruss
The Effects Of Using A Scripted Or Unscripted Interview In Forensic Interviews With Interpreters, Nicole Pruss
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The current study set out to replicate and expand the results of a study by Pruss (2007) which found that information is lost when interviews are conducted through interpreters. In the present study, Viewers (i.e., mock eyewitnesses) fluent in Spanish watched a video of a burglary and then were interviewed in Spanish about what they had seen. Half of Viewers were randomly assigned to be interviewed by an English-speaking Interviewer through a bilingual Interpreter (Interpreter condition), and the other half were randomly assigned to be interviewed directly by a Spanish speaking Interviewer with no Interpreter (No Interpreter condition). Within each …
Gender Stereotypes In Spanish Language Television Programming For Children In The United States, Carlo Andre Romo
Gender Stereotypes In Spanish Language Television Programming For Children In The United States, Carlo Andre Romo
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Children's television programming falling within the traditional Saturday morning time slot for four continuous Saturdays on five Spanish language networks in a southwest border city in the United States constituted the sample for this study. Each of the programs in the study was broken down and analyzed for character demographics, character behaviors and consequences received for those behaviors. Eight categories of behavior were scored, including four traditionally male behaviors (aggression, autonomy, construction, dominance) and four traditionally female behaviors (deference, dependence, harm avoidance, nurturing). The analysis of demographic data revealed male characters clearly outnumbered female characters and female characters were significantly …
Expert System Design Guide For Lower Classification Roads Over High Pi Clays, Yaqi Wanyan
Expert System Design Guide For Lower Classification Roads Over High Pi Clays, Yaqi Wanyan
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This research was focused on low-volume roads over expansive clayey soils in Texas. In spite of the redundant pavement designs recommended and widely used in Texas for roads in high PI clay areas, these pavements often fail prematurely. This failure occurs primarily because of the highly variable properties of the clayey subgrade throughout the year due to moisture fluctuations. The problematic nature of high PI clays, despite the fact that volumetric changes such as heaving are sometime considered in the design, is of concern since they contribute to roughness and longitudinal shrinkage cracking of the road, and as such the …
Regional Electricity In The United States, Sergio Luis Contreras
Regional Electricity In The United States, Sergio Luis Contreras
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Elasticity coefficients are estimated for the different regions in the United States. Residential, commercial, industrial, and the nonprofit sectors are examined. Demographic, climatic, and regional variables are used to estimate electricity demand. The negative income estimator that appears when paired with the number of households estimator implies that residential electricity is an inferior good. Even though it is a substitute good, natural gas does not show any significance for any sectors in the economy.
Regional Real Property Valuation Forecast Accuracy, Katherine Nicole Cote
Regional Real Property Valuation Forecast Accuracy, Katherine Nicole Cote
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to identify, evaluate, and critique four econometric and statistical alternatives to present forecasting practices for property valuation forecasts: (1) a traditional income elasticity method, (2) a regional structural econometric model, (3) a statistical ARIMA method, and (4) trend analysis. Forecast evaluation for 2001-2007 will be conducted for the property valuations of Single and Multi-Family residences and Commercial and Industrial properties in El Paso, Texas (MSA).
The Affective, Behavioral, And Cognitive Correlates Of Club Drug Use Among Hispanic College Students, Brenda Sue Hanson
The Affective, Behavioral, And Cognitive Correlates Of Club Drug Use Among Hispanic College Students, Brenda Sue Hanson
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Limited information exists about club drug use among minorities. This study examined potential affective, behavioral, and cognitive correlates of club drug use in a Hispanic college student sample. Participants (N = 321) completed multiple measures assessing demographic information, acculturation, depression, anxiety, positive and negative affect, alexithymia, polysubstance use, sensation seeking, need for cognition, and prospective memory. Primary analyses included logistic regression models assessing the impact of affective, behavioral, and cognitive correlates on club drug use, while secondary analyses included moderation analyses exploring potential relationships between variables of interest, as well as assessment of univariate relationships between club drug use …
Testing Maquiladora Forecast Accuracy, George Novela
Testing Maquiladora Forecast Accuracy, George Novela
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This study examines the historical accuracy of the structural equation maquiladora forecasts generated using the UTEP Borderplex Econometric Forecasting Model. The eight variables that are included come from the Maquiladora block of this Model for both Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua and Chihuahua, Chihuahua. These forecasts are three year simulations that appear in the Borderplex Economic Outlook reports published from 1999 through 2006. Combined, they provide a total of 21 observations for each variable. The specific data series are total maquiladora employment, operating plants, average hourly wages, and total value added.
The Correlation Between Social Desirability And Endorsement Rate Of Test Items Using The Snap And Neo-Ffi, Cynthia Pedregon
The Correlation Between Social Desirability And Endorsement Rate Of Test Items Using The Snap And Neo-Ffi, Cynthia Pedregon
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Classic studies in the 1950s indicated that endorsement rates of personality test items are very highly correlated with the items' social desirability (Edwards, 1953; Hanley, 1956). The present study attempted to recreate those findings using two contemporary personality tests: the NEO Five Factor Inventory short form (NEO-FFI) and 59 randomly selected items from the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP). Also included were 7 Rare Virtue items and 7 Common Fault items from the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire, Brief Form. Participants (N = 286) were randomly assigned to one of four groups, which rated the items for "true of self" …
The N400 Erp: Semantic Vs. Evaluative Incongruities, Jennifer Hilda Taylor
The N400 Erp: Semantic Vs. Evaluative Incongruities, Jennifer Hilda Taylor
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The objective of this research was to utilize both behavioral (response times) and psychophysiological measures (ERPs - N400 & Pre-response Positivity) to uncover the cognitive mechanism responsible for the evaluative priming effect (spreading activation vs. response competition) by controlling for semantic influences. This research project examined the evaluative incongruity effect by controlling for semantic influences in two separate studies. The first study kept semantic associations among word pairs completely random, while the second study controlled for semantic associations by either pairing words from the same semantic category (e.g., animal-animal) or from different semantic categories (e.g., animal-person). Participants completed an evaluative …
Prosecutorial Perseveration: A Reaction To Public Commitment?, Elizabeth Rose Uhl
Prosecutorial Perseveration: A Reaction To Public Commitment?, Elizabeth Rose Uhl
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The startling number of cases in which prosecutors ignore clear-cut exculpatory evidence and persist in the prosecution of an almost certainly innocent suspect may be related to the public nature of these prosecutors' commitments. Research has shown that people who make a public commitment to a decision are more likely to stick with their decision in the face of contrary evidence than people who did not make a public commitment. This study examined the effects of public commitment on undergraduate mock prosecutors' decisions to prosecute in a fictional murder case. Half of the participants rendered an initial decision which was …
The Application Of Federal And Texas State Sentence Ranges In A, Jessica Leigh Wildermuth
The Application Of Federal And Texas State Sentence Ranges In A, Jessica Leigh Wildermuth
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Sentencing decisions are usually made in situations of judgmental uncertainty because they are typically complex and make use of inherently ambiguous information (Saks & Kidd, 1980). Research on underlying judgment processes has demonstrated that anchors provide a basis for simplifying judgments that involve uncertainty (Higgins, 1996; Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). To investigate sentencing disparities that occur for identical crimes, it is also essential to understand the psychological mechanisms that underlie decision making. The Selective Accessibility Model (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974) states that, "people construct a mental mode that selectively increases the accessibility of anchor-consistent information" (p.1125). In turn,because this information …