Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Constructing A Shared Identity In Deeply Divided Societies, John M. Nagle

John M Nagle

In order to bolster sustainable peacebuilding in violently divided societies, a normative suggestion is that efforts should be made to construct a shared public identity that overarches ethnic divisions. A number of different centripetal/transformationist processes are identified as engendering a shared identity in comparison to consociational arrangements, which are accused of institutionalizing ethnic differences and perpetuating conflict. These transformationist approaches essentially rest on the premise that since ethnicity is constructed it can be reconstructed into new shared forms. Looking at Northern Ireland, we argue there are limits to the extent that ethnicity can be reconstructed into shared identities. By analysing …

Promoting And Developing Oromummaa, Asafa Jalata

Asafa Jalata

As any concept, Oromummaa has different meanings on conventional, theoretical, and political, and ideological levels. Although the colonizers of the Oromo deny, most Oromos know their linguistic, cultural, historical, political, and behavioral patterns that closely connect together all of their sub-identities to the Oromo nation. There is a clear conventional understanding among all Oromo branches and individuals on these issues. The Oromo national movement has gradually expanded the essence and meaning of Oromummaa. The colonization of the Oromo and the disruption of their collective identity and the repression and exploitation of Oromo society have increased the commitment of some Oromo …

Relic Texts, James Watts

James Watts

Religious traditions typically ritualize their scriptures in three dimensions. Other kinds of texts may be ritualized in one or two dimensions (e.g. the performative dimension of the scripts of plays or sheet music, the semantic dimension of national law codes), but the regular ritualization of a text in all three dimensions usually distinguishes it as a scripture or sacred text. There are, however, some texts or, more accurately, some specific copies of texts, that tend to be ritualized only in the iconic dimension, and scriptures feature prominently among them. I term such texts “relic books.” Relic books are writings that …

Designing, Producing And Enacting Nationalisms: Contemporary Amerindian Fashion In Canada, Cory Willmott

Cory A. Willmott

Today, generations after the adoption of European styles, Amerindian peoples’ everyday clothing is almost indistinguishable from that of other residents of North America. Until recently their culturally distinct clothing has been mainly reserved for ceremonial occasions such as powwows and religious rituals. This bifurcation of clothing styles and contexts parallels the dichotomy between ‘traditional’ and ‘assimilated’ Native identity that has been imposed by the dominant society. The dichotomy is a double bind: adopting ‘traditional’ identities, Native peoples are cast into a static ahistorical frame, while appearing ‘assimilated’ erases cultural distinctiveness. In both cases, Native peoples cannot effectively stake claims to …

El Regimen De Stroessner (1954-1989), Robert Andrew Nickson

Robert Andrew Nickson

Este capítulo describe las tres etapas principales del régimen de Stroessner: fase de consolidación (1954-1967); fase de expansión (1968-1981); y fase de descomposición (1982-1989), y las circunstancias de su caída. Posteriormente abarca los tres pilares del régimen: el Partido Colorado, las Fuerzas Armadas y el mismo Stroessner en su calidad de Jefe de Estado, Comandante en Jefe de las Fuerzas Armadas y Presidente Honorario del Partido Colorado. Se analiza cinco mecanismos cruciales que le permitieron mantenerse en el poder durante tanto tiempo: una fachada democrática, un sistema de represión eficaz, la corrupción institucionalizada, el uso de la ideología nacionalista, y …

Marketing Japanese Products In The Context Of Chinese Nationalism, Hongmei Li

Hongmei Li

This paper examines the rise of consumer nationalism in China through an in-depth analysis of two recent controversial Japanese ad campaigns. I situate the analysis in the sociopolitical and cultural contexts of contemporary China. I argue that Japanese producers shoulder a particular burden of history as expressed in consumer nationalism, which is a combination of the production and reproduction of Japanese imperial history, the construction of Chinese identity, the expression of dissatisfaction toward the Chinese government and consumerist ethos in the context of globalization. The Internet has become a crucial space that organizes Chinese consumer nationalism and enables consumers to …

Summary: Israeli- Palestinian Ethnic Conflict, Allen Gnanam

Allen Gnanam

The Israeli- Palestinian ethnic conflict will continue to escalate throughout both the short term and long term world future. The current and future animosity between both ethnic groups can be attributed to (a) history based accounts and religious tensions, (b) polarizing ideologies held by both sides, and (c) middle eastern resentment toward the Jewish state of Israel. History based accounts will refer to both biased historical accounts and factual historical events that have contributed to the Israeli- Palestinian ethnic conflict. Concepts such as ethnicity, nationalism, ideology, Palestinians, Israeli’s, Arabs, and religion will be conceptualized in the research paper.

Israeli- Palestinian Ethnic Conflict, Allen Gnanam

Allen Gnanam

This research paper discusses the historical, religious, and ideological factors linked to the Israeli- Palestinian ethnic conflict, and how these factors have contributed to middle eastern resentment toward the Jewish State of Israeli. The Modernist Theory, Perceptual Framework, and he Domestic Framework have been applied to the analysis of the Israeli- Palestinian ethnic conflict, in order to demonstrate the intensity of the above factors and their provocative role in the conflict. Other provocative issues that are discussed in this paper include territorial wars, ethnic nationalism, the competition for natural resources, the biased dissemination of historical text through educational institutions, and …

State's Response To The Catalan Question: An Emerging Ethnic Component In Contemporary Spanish Nationalism?, Ivan Serrano Balaguer

Ivan Serrano Balaguer

No abstract provided.

Devolution En Escocia, 1997-2007: Final De Etapa., Ivan Serrano Balaguer

Ivan Serrano Balaguer

The victory of the SNP in the election of 2007 gave rise to a new scenario in Scotland. However, the short majority in the Scottish parliament could be an obstacle for the SNP to push forward its pro-independence agenda. Beyond the future evolution of the Scottish question, in this article I argue that the devolution process for Scotland launched in 1997 offered elements to foresee the unstability of the arrangements, as it reinforced and institutionalized the competitive character of nationalism. Firstly, the devolution process was more a policy-centered project, and the conception of Britain as a political nation built up …

Oromummaa As The Master Ideology Of The Oromo National Movement, Asafa Jalata

Asafa Jalata

Oromummaa, as an element of culture, nationalism, and vision, has the power to serve as a manifestation of the collective identity of the Oromo national movement. The foundation of Oromummaa must be built on overarching principles that are embedded within Oromo traditions and culture and, at the same time, have universal relevance for all oppressed peoples. The main foundations of Oromummaa are individual and collective freedom, justice, popular democracy, and human liberation all of which are built on the concept of saffu (moral and ethical order) and are enshrined in gada principles. Although, in recent years, many Oromos have become …

Ethiopia: The State Of Terror And War In The Horn Of Africa, Asafa Jalata

Asafa Jalata

My discussion focuses on two central issues. First, I will demonstrate how global connections, war, and terrorism have been used as the main political tools in creating and maintaining the Abyssinian/Ethiopian state. Second, I will assert how there cannot be peace, democracy, stability, and development in the Horn of Africa without removing the Tigrayan-led minority Ethiopian government that intensifies terrorism, external dependency, and war in the Horn of Africa.

The End Of The Corsican Question?, Ivan Serrano Balaguer

Ivan Serrano Balaguer

No abstract provided.

Ethnic Nationalism And Adaptation In Cyprus, Neophytos Loizides

Neophytos Loizides

Ethnic Nationalism and Adaptation in Cyprus NEOPHYTOS G. LOIZIDES Queen’s University Belfast Both ethnic communities in Cyprus have maintained strong political and cultural ties with Greece and Turkey, respectively, and at some point of their twentieth century history, each has aspired to become part of either the former or the latter. Yet the way this relationship has been imagined has differed across time, space, and class. Both communities have adapted their identities to prevailing ideological waves as well as political opportunities, domestic alliances, and interests. The article evaluates different responses to ethnic nationalism, highlighting important intra-ethnic differentiations within each Cypriot …

評陳佳宏著《台灣獨立運動史》, Weider Shu

Weider Shu

No abstract provided.

Globalization & Nationalism: A Recipe For Terror, Cari Bourette, Daniel Reader

Cari Bourette

Nationalism appears to be part of the human condition; it may well be related to the human tendency toward tribalism. Whatever the case, nationalism appears to be a permanent feature on the global landscape. Globalization, while not a new phenomenon by any means, seems to be having a tremendous dilutory effect on the sovereignty of states; it now appears to be carrying the assault to the cultural frontiers of nationalism. Unlike the Westphalian constructs, however, nations will not so easily succumb. There is a greater inherent resistance to change in nations; the only historically effective method has been outright eradication …

Streets Not Named: Discursive Dead Ends And The Politics Of Orientation In Intercommunal Spatial Relations In Northern Greece, Olga Demetriou

Olga Demetriou

In light of recent discussions on the anthropology of space and theories of governmentality, this article analyzes the entrenchment and interaction in space of ethnic and national identities in an environment in which competing conceptualizations of space persist. The town of Komotini, in northern Greece, is inhabited by both Greek and Turkish speakers; both communities have claims to a variety of ethnic and geographical origins. These claims are presented in different contexts, such as national celebrations, street naming, and instances of communal and intercommunal interaction. The article analyzes how the claims of different actors are related through the examination of …

Transforming National Identity In The Diaspora: An Identity Formation Approach To Biographies Of Activists Affiliated With The Taiwan Independence Movement In The United States, Weider Shu

Weider Shu

Located within the literature on racial/ethnic identity formation theory, especially the transformational stages developed by William E. Cross in his “Psychology of Nigrescence,” the purpose of this dissertation is to interpret and analyze the biographical information of six selected activists affiliated with the Taiwan Independence Movement (hereafter TIM) in the United States, especially their experiences of identity shifting from Chinese identity to Taiwanese identity.

While contending that the essence of national identity --- especially the elements relevant to the construction of subjective meaning --- has often been neglected by most of the students of nationalism, the basic theoretical concern of …

Crisis Management In The Eastern Mediterranean: Implications For Policymakers, Neophytos Loizides

Neophytos Loizides

Crisis Management in the Eastern Mediterranean (Implications for Policymakers) Neophytos G. Loizides* RÉSUMÉ Cet article examine le comportement de la Grèce et de la Turquie pendant les périodes de crise dans la Méditerranée Orientale durant les dernières deux décennies. Les crises sont définies et classifiées, et un nombre de fausses perceptions sont examinées à la lumière des expériences récentes. Trois larges catégories de crises de la politique étrangère sont analysées: Celles impliquant des minorités qui ont des liens ethniques à travers les frontières, celles avec des minorités « étrangères » à l’intérieur des frontières, et celles impliquant des tiers pays …

Japan And Transformation Of National Identities In The Imperial Era, Li Narangoa, Robert Cribb

Robert Cribb

Japan's view of the nationality of its Asian neightbours took many forms during the imperial era. In some respects Japan asserted its superiority to those neighbours, in other respects saw them as nations with a standing equal to that of Japan. The working out of these two views reflected Japanese strategic interests.

Comparing The African American And The Oromo Movements In The Global Context, Asafa Jalata

Asafa Jalata

The African American and Oromo movements have been anti-colonial struggles, and they have aimed to dismantle racial/ethnonational hierarchies legitimated by the ideology of racism in the hegemonic state of the United States and the peripheral and imperial state of Ethiopia.

Who Joined The Clandestine Political Organization? Some Preliminary Evidence From The Overseas Taiwan Independence Movement, Weider Shu

Weider Shu

The focus of this paper is the political activism of the activists affiliated with overseas Taiwan Independence Movement (TIM), especially those residing in the United States. Based upon the in-depth interview with fourteen TIM activists and two other published data sets about the demographical characteristics of TIM activists, this essay deals with a very fundamental aspect of activism in the clandestine political organizations: what is the social composition of these activists. Two approaches can be seen as direct approaches of political activism in the social movement literature: marginality thesis and privilege thesis. On the one hand, proponents of marginality thesis …

中國民族主義˙帝國主義˙台灣獨立運動︰評三本90年代中國出版的「台獨研究」專書, Weider Shu

Weider Shu

Based on three books conducted by Chinese scholars regarding the Taiwan Independence Movement (TIM), this paper tries to critically examine the so-called “imperialism,” --- the thesis adopted by most, if not all, Chinese scholars while analyzing the issue relevant to TIM. According to this thesis, the origin and development of the postwar TIM is conceived as the product caused by foreign power, which is led by the United States, for the purpose of interfering Chinese domestic politics. This paper argues that we have to explore these Chinese scholars’ notion of nationalism for comprehending their rationale of adopting the imperialism as …

Idees Per Una Lectura Política De Herder, Ivan Serrano Balaguer

Ivan Serrano Balaguer

No abstract provided.

Living Homeland And Speaking With The Dead: Crimean Tatars In Uzbekistan, Greta Uehling

Greta Uehling

No abstract provided.

The Emergence Of Taiwanese Nationalism: A Preliminary Work On An Approach To Interactive Episodic Discourse, Weider Shu

Weider Shu

Examines the emergence of separatist nationalism in Taiwan, suggesting an alternative explanatory model. Taiwan's modern history is traced, focusing on the dominant ideologies imposed by the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT), counterideologies advocated by opposition forces, the dynamic relationships between state & opposition forces, rise of democracy, & appearance of a more moderate version of nationalism. The advantages & shortcoming of separatist nationalism theories of primordialism, internal colonialism, & constructionism are described, & a more consistent framework focusing on interactive episodic discourse is introduced. This approach sees the "making of nation" as a "crafting identity" process shaped by socioeconomic & political …

Nationalism, Robert K. Thomas

Robert K. Thomas

Written under the pseudonym of Anderson Dirthrower, R.K. Thomas writes of 'how it feels to have lived these last forty-five years as an Indian.'