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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Federalization Of Local Criminal Justice Procedure: A Study Of Conflicts In Values And Process, Kam C. Wong
Federalization Of Local Criminal Justice Procedure: A Study Of Conflicts In Values And Process, Kam C. Wong
Kam C. Wong
This article is an investigation into why the U.S. federal courts have failed to effectively control local police conduct by means of constitutional rules. In so doing, the article finds that the federal courts’ approach to the control of police abuse of power – federalization and constiotutionalization of criminal procedures – is ill informed of the nature and essence of police work within the community context and at the grassroots level. Particularly, it fails to take into account the structural and normative forces giving rise to police abuse. The central thesis of this paper is that the federal courts’ constitutional …
Origin Of Communist Policing In The People's Republic Of China, Kam C. Wong
Origin Of Communist Policing In The People's Republic Of China, Kam C. Wong
Kam C. Wong
This is an investigation into the origin of Communist policing in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Existing literature on the PRC police (baowei, gongan, jingcha) are not in agreement as to the origin of Communist policing. Most sources, particularly western ones, point to the formation of the Ministry of Public Security in November of 1949 as the origination of Communist police. Others, particularly the PRC police historians, have traced the starting date to November of 1931 when the Chinese Soviet government in Shan-Gan-Ning border area established the Political Security Department (zhengzhi baoweiju). Still, a minority have suggested that Communist …