Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Homosexuality In Fushigi Yuugi And Gravitation: An Investigation Into The Cultural Background Of Homosexuality In Japanese Animation, Michele Gibney

Michele Gibney

This paper will delve into the following issues: how the Japanese view homosexual males and how the agency of the reader and/or viewer impacts the depictions of visual displays of intimate behavior by homosexual males. The purpose of this paper will be an attempt to define some sort of answer to each question within the context of the Japanese cultural products of manga and anime. I am going to dissect shifting sexualities as they are represented in two different examples of Japanese anime aimed at slightly differing audience groups. The two shows that I will focus on are: Fushigi Yuugi …

Screening For Diabetes In An African American Community: The Project Direct Experience

Linda A. Treiber

AIM: To report the results of a community-based screening program associated with Project DIRECT, a multi-year diabetes mellitus prevention and control project targeting African-American residents of southeast Raleigh, NC. METHODS: Between December 1996 and June 1999, 183 screening events took place in community settings.Screening was by capillary glucose concentration. Participants with a positive screen were referred for confirmatory testing and physician follow-up. MAIN RESULTS: Risk factors for diabetes were prevalent, including ethnic minority race (88.2%), obesity (45.6%), and family history of diabetes (41.7%). In all, 197 persons had an elevated screening result; the prevalence of diabetes in the screened population …

Community Determinants Of Volunteer Participation: The Case Of Japan, Mary Alice Haddad

Mary Alice Haddad

Why are some communities more civically engaged than others? Why do some communities provide services with volunteer labor whereas others rely primarily on government provision? When communities provide both volunteer and paid labor for the same service, how do they motivate and organize those volunteers? This article addresses these questions through quantitative tests of prevailing explanations for levels of civic engagement (e.g., education, TV viewing, urbanization) and qualitative analyses of case studies of three medium-sized cities in Japan, focusing particularly on the service areas of firefighting and elder care. The statistical analyses demonstrate that current explanations that rely on individual …

Best Practices To Address The Demand Side Of Sex Trafficking, Donna M. Hughes Dr.

Donna M. Hughes

Each year, hundreds of thousands of women and children around the world become victims of the global sex trade. They are recruited into prostitution, often using tactics involving force, fraud, or coercion. Criminals working in organized networks treat the victims like commodities, buying and selling them for profit. This modern-day form of slavery is called sex trafficking.

This report will describe efforts to address the demand side of sex trafficking. It will define the demand and describe its different components. It will describe laws, policies, and programs aimed at reducing the demand for prostitution in communities and entire countries. It …

Establishing Long Term Coastal And Marine Programs In Latin America And The Caribbean Pilot Studies Of Ecuador And The Gulf Of Fonseca Integrating Education, Applied Research And Extension Background Paper No. 2, Matthew Wilburn King

Matthew Wilburn King PhD

This document is the second of two background papers that have been prepared to explore the feasibility of adapting the Sea Grant model of University-based education, research and extension to countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. It is part of an initiative directed by the NOAA/OAR Office of International Activities and the University of Rhode Island Coastal Resources Center and Sea Grant Program. Financial support comes from the U.S. State Department’s Ocean, Environment and Science Initiative, and the NOAA National Sea Grant Office. The initiative was catalyzed by expressions of interest from government and university officials in Honduras, Nicaragua, …

The Demand: Where Sex Trafficking Begins, Donna M. Hughes Dr.

Donna M. Hughes

In light of shared moral responsibility to help the millions of people who are bought, sold, transported and held against their will in slave-like condition, a conference entitled “A Call to Action: Joining the Fight Against Trafficking in Persons” was held at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome on June 17, 2004. The event was part of the 20th anniversary celebration of full diplomatic relations between the United States and the Holy See, and their shared work to promote human dignity, liberty, justice, and peace.

Food Based Approaches For A Healthy Nutrition In Africa, Mamoudou Hama Dicko

Pr. Mamoudou H. DICKO, PhD

The latest estimates of the FAO demonstrate the problems of the fight against hunger. These problems are manifested by the ever-increasing number of chronically undernourished people worldwide. Their numbers during the 1999-2001 period were estimated at about 840 million of which 798 million live in developing countries. Sub-Saharan Africa alone represented 198 million of those. In this part of Africa the prevalence of undernourishment ranges from 5-34%, causing growth retardation and insufficient weight gain among one third of the children under five years of age and resulting in a mortality of 5-15% among these children. Malnutrition resulting from undernourishment is …

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Of A Brief Intervention Delivered To Problem Drinkers Presenting At An Inner-City Hospital Emergency Department, Michael T. French, F. Michael Kunz, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi

Michael T. French

Objective: Alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI) has gained widespread acceptance as an effective method for reducing problem drinking in at-risk populations. This study examines the cost and cost-effectiveness of an SBI pilot program delivered in an inner-city hospital emergency department (ED) to a traditionally underserved population. Method: A total of 1,036 subjects were screened for problem drinking during their visit to an ED. Eligible participants (N= 294) were randomly assigned to either a brief intervention group or a control group. As the result of attrition, a final sample of 194 (90 brief intervention; 104 control) participants remained at follow-up. …

Healing The War Between The Genders: The Power Of The Soul-Centered Relationship (Book Author, Linda Marks; Book Reviewer, Carroy Ferguson), Carroy U. Ferguson

Carroy U "Cuf" Ferguson, Ph.D.

As humanity seeks to understand its next evolutionary journey and to evolve its consciousness, insightful thinkers and writers have emerged to identify where we must first heal and to provide guidance for how to heal. In her book Healing The War Between The Genders: The Power of the Soul-Centered Relationship, Linda Marks adeptly discusses what she calls a “cultural heart wound” as being at the center of the gender struggle. In this context, the struggle actually transcends heterosexual relationships, gender-role conflicts, and particular one-to-one dynamics per se. As each person has what are often called male and female energies, “the …

Constructing The “Social Evil”: An Analysis Of Anti-Prostitution Crusades In Progressive-Era Chicago, 1907-1915, Amanda J. Swygart-Hobaugh M.L.S., Ph.D.

Mandy (Amanda) Swygart-Hobaugh

This study analyzes anti-prostitution crusades in Chicago during the Progressive Era, using a social constructionist theoretical perspective to explore how crusaders constructed prostitution as a social problem. My multi-faceted theoretical framework drew on both social constructionist theories as well as social movement theories examining collective action frames as master frames. For organizational purposes, the separate analytical chapters examine different groups of crusaders: the crusaders against “white slavery,” those battling “vice,” and a group of Hull House women crusading against the “social evil.” My analyses revealed the following: (1) broader discourses present during the Progressive Era shaped the contours of the …

Foundations Of Modern Arab Identity, Stephen Sheehi

Stephen Sheehi

Labels Of African American Ballers: A Historical Contemporary Investigation Of African American Male Youth's Depletions From America's Favorite Pastime 1885-2000, Keith Harrison

Dr. C. Keith Harrison

No abstract provided.

Spine Pathology And Disability At Lesbos, Greece, Anastasia Tsaliki

Dr Anastasia Tsaliki, PhD

No abstract provided.

Scottish Factors And The Origins Of The Second Amendment: Some Reflections On David Thomas Konig's Rediscovery Of The Caledonian Background To The American Right To Arms, H. Richard Uviller, William G. Merkel

William G. Merkel

Alfred Schutz (1899-1959), Christopher Prendergast

Christopher Prendergast

No abstract provided.

In The Name Of The Nation: Reflections On Nationalism And Patriotism, Rogers Brubaker

Rogers Brubaker

Treating nationhood as a political claim rather than an ethnocultural fact, this paper asks how “nation” works as a category of practice, a political idiom, a claim. What does it mean to speak “in the name of the nation”? And how should one assess the practice of doing so? Taking issue with the widely held view that “nation” is an anachronistic and indefensible or at least deeply suspect category, the paper sketches a qualified defence of inclusive forms of nationalism and patriotism in the contemporary American context, arguing that they can help develop more robust forms of citizenship, provide support …

Out Of Touch Or On The Money: Do The Clinical Objectives Of Addiction Treatment Coincide With Economic Evaluation Results?, Michael French, Clara Dismuke, Helena Salome, Mark Foss, Chris Scott, Michael Dennis

Michael T. French

Previous economic studies have examined the association between substance abuse treatment and reduced costs to society, but it remains uncertain whether the economic measures used in cost and benefit-cost analyses of treatment programs correspond in direction and magnitude with clinical outcomes. In response to this uncertainty, the present study analyzed a longitudinal data set of addiction treatment clients to determine the statistical agreement between clinical and economic outcomes over time. Data were collected from 1,326 clients in the Chicago cohort of the Persistent Effects of Treatment Study. These individuals were interviewed at baseline as well as at 6-, 24-, 36-, …

Learning Community: Popular Education And Homeless Women, Lorna Rivera

Lorna Rivera

In this essay, I present the voices of homeless women to illustrate the empowering impact of popular education on their lives. Popular education is a methodology of teaching and learning through dialogue that directly links curriculum content to people's lived experience and that inspires political action (Beder, 1996; Freire, 1985, 1990; Williams, 1996). On the basis of 5 years of ethnographic research in a shelter-based popular-education program, I describe how popular education approaches inspired a sense of community among a group of 50 homeless women of color. I also examine some of the barriers to literacy faced by women who …

The Role Of "Marriage Agencies" In The Sexual Exploitation And Trafficking Of Women From The Former Soviet Union, Donna M. Hughes Dr.

Donna M. Hughes

Each year, tens of thousands of women leave the countries of the former Soviet Union for destinations all over the world. Driven by poverty, unemployment, and media images of Western lifestyles, women accept risky offers of employment and marriage in hope of finding a better life,

Homeless Persons' Residential Preferences And Needs: A Pilot Survey, Russell K. Schutt

Russell K. Schutt

The 2003 Pilot Survey of Residential Preferences and Needs sampled individuals with psychiatric difficulties at three large generic shelters for adult individuals in Boston and one of four transitional shelters funded by the Metro Boston Region of the Massachusetts Department of Mental Health.  The survey measured: homeless persons’ residential preferences; the residential recommendations of shelter-based clinicians for these homeless persons; clinicians’ assessments of these persons’ living skills and safety.  Respondents at the DMH shelter were somewhat more satisfied with their shelter and with the people who stayed there than were those at the generic shelters. The DMH shelter …

Outcomes And Costs Of Day Hospital Treatment And Nonmedical Day Treatment For Chemical Dependency, Michael T. French, Jane Witbrodt, Lee Ann Kaskutas

Michael T. French

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the outcomes and costs of day hospital and nonmedical community-based day treatment for chemical dependency. METHOD: A community sample of 271 adults (179 men) dependent on alcohol and/or drugs was recruited and randomized to either a hospital-based (medical) day treatment program or to a community-based (nonmedical) day treatment program. The day hospital (DH) program lasted for 3 weeks. One community-based program (CP2) lasted for 4 weeks, and the other (CP1) lasted for 6 weeks but with shorter treatment days and more criminal justice clients. Because of our concerns regarding treatment fidelity, …

Creating Caregiver Identity: The Role Of Communication Problems Associated With Dementia, Marie Y. Savundranayagam, M. L. Hummert

Marie Y. Savundranayagam

No abstract provided.

Asserting Celtic Roots-- The Use Of Celtic Culture In The Nationalist Campaigns Of The Lega Nord And The League Of The South, Benito Giordano, Euan Hague, Edward H. Sebesta

Euan Hague

No abstract provided.

Transformations: A Region In The Making, Vicente C. Reyes Phd, Tamara Shie, Marcelino Lizaso

Dr. Vicente C Reyes Jr

No abstract provided.

Social Capital, Christopher Prendergast

Christopher Prendergast

No abstract provided.

Transnationalism In Question, Roger D. Waldinger, David Fitzgerald

Roger D Waldinger

This paper seeks a critical engagement with the new literature on immigrant “transnationalism,” which correctly notes that connectivity between source and destination points is an inherent aspect of the migration phenomenon. In so doing, however, this new literature highlights the characteristics shared by all forms of long-distance migration and therefore fails to identify the traits distinctive to migration across states, of which the political element is the most important. States seek to control movement across territorial boundaries – exit as well as entry -- which is why defining “transnationalism” in terms of the “regular and sustained” cross-border activities of individuals, …

College Students' Perceptions, Myths, And Stereotypes About African American Athleticism: A Qualitative Investigation, Keith Harrison

Dr. C. Keith Harrison

Examining the ‘natural’ athlete myth and utilizing the recent literature on cultural/social factors in athleticism, this study through survey research examines the myth of the ‘natural’ African American athlete. Participants consist of 301 university students from a large, traditionally White, midwest institution. The primary research question is to determine the attitudes of college students in terms of how they perceive the success of the African American athlete in certain sports. The purpose is to assess participants’ perceptions of the African American athlete and their opinion as to whether or not African American athletes are superior in certain sports (football, basketball, …

Abject Economics: The Effects Of Battering On Women's Work And Employability, Angela M. Moe, Myrtle P. Bell

Angela M. Moe

Research on the effects of battering on women’s lives has focused on poverty, homelessness, and welfare receipt, often centering on women who are uneducated or undereducated. The authors analyze how battering impacts the work and employability of women from various employment levels and backgrounds. Data were obtained through qualitative interviews with 19 residents of a domestic violence shelter, some of whom had obtained substantial education and built solid and lucrative careers prior to being abused. The women described instances in which battering had obstructed their ability to find work, maintain employment, and use their wages to establish greater economic independence …

Ethnicity, Migration, And Statehood In Post-Cold War Europe, Rogers Brubaker

Rogers Brubaker

No abstract provided.

Ethnicity As Cognition, Rogers Brubaker, Mara Loveman, Peter Stamatov

Rogers Brubaker

This article identi¢es an incipient and largely implicit cognitive turn in the study of ethnicity, and argues that it can be consolidated and extended by drawing on cognitive research in social psychology and anthropology. Cognitive perspectives provide resources for conceptualizing ethnicity, race, and nation as perspectives on the world rather than entities in the world, for treating ethnicity, race, and nationalism together rather than as separate subfields, and for re-specifying the old debate between primordialist and circumstantialist approaches.