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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 5 of 5
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Robust Resilience: Metaphor And Meaning In Assessing System Performance Ranges, Barrett S. Caldwell
Robust Resilience: Metaphor And Meaning In Assessing System Performance Ranges, Barrett S. Caldwell
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
The current emphasis on Resilience Week and the International Symposium on Resilient Cognitive Systems highlights a growing awareness of the importance of designing and operating engineering systems under a variety of environmental conditions and in response to dynamic events. Although there has been considerable confusion and drift in the use of the term, ‘‘resilience’’ as a concept dates back to dynamic systems study of complex ecological systems in the 1970s. This original definition relates clearly to quantitative metrics that link also to statistical process control techniques describing system performance as affected by external, ‘‘assignable’’ causes. This paper discusses important elements …
Robust Flight Deck Systems: Harnessing The Synergistic Power Of The Crew, Michael J. Stasio
Robust Flight Deck Systems: Harnessing The Synergistic Power Of The Crew, Michael J. Stasio
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
Robust flight decks are possible in both normal and novel operations. Existing crew resource and error management programs can improve team-centered resilience with Oshry’s organization development (OD) principles. The need on the flight deck is to diminish the invisible behavioral gap between espoused theory and theory-in-use by balancing Oshry’s four basic elements that make up robust human systems—differentiation, homogenization, integration, and individuation. This low-cost OD vision is offered as a guide for organizations to tailor existing aircrew recurrent training modules. Assessment and diagnosis measures are recommended for continuous improvement, so this OD framework includes adaptive feedback interventions and soft-skills behavioral …
Is Performance Variability Necessary? A Qualitative Study On Cognitive Resilience In Forestry Work, Jennifer M. Colman, Heather K. Kahle, Eder Henriqson
Is Performance Variability Necessary? A Qualitative Study On Cognitive Resilience In Forestry Work, Jennifer M. Colman, Heather K. Kahle, Eder Henriqson
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
In forestry work, conditions exist and develop that are complex, unpredictable, and highly consequential and therefore cannot be handled entirely by following static work procedures. Cognitive adjustments are necessary. The objective of this research was to determine whether performance (cognitive) variability is actually necessary to safely fell trees in the coastal region of British Columbia, Canada. In this paper two perspectives were contrasted: the traditional view of safety and the resilience perspective. A collection of empirical evidence established that while safe work procedures provide a good foundation, it is individual performance variability shaped by experience and ‘‘know-how’’ that guides the …
Review Of Spacewalker, Barrett Caldwell
Review Of Spacewalker, Barrett Caldwell
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
Since its founding over 15 years ago, JHPEE has always had a focal emphasis on human performance in space. Thus, it is no surprise that we would want to highlight a new book from astronaut Jerry L Ross, who has set records for launches and spacewalks with NASA. However, there is always more to an astronaut biography, as we have learned since the days of We Seven. Our interest in an astronaut’s life and experiences helps us to see the answers to four different questions, which tell us different things about this most unique of human performance environments.
Enhanced Simulation Of Partial Gravity For Extravehicular Activity, Steven P. Chappell, David M. Klaus
Enhanced Simulation Of Partial Gravity For Extravehicular Activity, Steven P. Chappell, David M. Klaus
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
Prior studies of human locomotion under simulated partial gravity have hypothesized that energy expenditure is increased in lunar gravity, as compared to that of Mars. This may be due to subjects having to expend excess energy for stability and posture control in the lower gravitational field. The physiological cause of this suspected ‘‘wasted energy’’ during locomotion in low gravity remains to be determined. This paper outlines factors to be considered for these analyses and enhancements to the simulation method that will enable assessment of inertial stability and associated metabolic cost. A novel simulation technique is proposed for assessing the effects …