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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Creating The Sandbox: The Juxtaposition Of Collections And Student Development, Helen Salmon, Linda Graburn
Creating The Sandbox: The Juxtaposition Of Collections And Student Development, Helen Salmon, Linda Graburn
Charleston Library Conference
While academic library collections are typically built and assessed in relation to pedagogical or curricular needs and accreditation processes, they can also be intentionally developed, accessed, and promoted with more conscious attention to the developmental needs and context of the students who will use them. This paper will explore the roles that academic library collections play in relation to the psychosocial development of young adults. Drawing upon contemporary learning and young adult development theory, we will situate the role of academic library collections in relation to the various developmental stages, tasks, and learning challenges that young adults experience during a …
Virtual V1sion: A Collaborative Coding Project, Cheryl Olman
Virtual V1sion: A Collaborative Coding Project, Cheryl Olman
MODVIS Workshop
Virtual V1sion is a new idea for fostering modeling collaborations and data sharing. While still in its infancy, the ultimate goal is a website that hosts repositories for (1) interchangeable model elements, (2) datasets that can be fit/predicted by those models, and (3) educational modules that explain the background for both the models and the datasets. The scope of the modeling is limited to predictions of V1 responses, although not all computations represented by model elements in Virtual V1sion are required to be V1-intrinsic: a goal of the project is to provide a framework in which predictions for modulation by …
A Neural Circuit For Visual Information Spreading, Gregory Francis
A Neural Circuit For Visual Information Spreading, Gregory Francis
MODVIS Workshop
I describe a neural circuit made of integrate-and-fire neurons that instantiates a mechanism for the spreading of visual information. The circuit is simple and operates at a reasonable time scale with reasonable parameter values. Slight alterations to the anatomy allow the circuit to spread information across surfaces (constrained by the surface boundaries) as for brightness and color effects or across a group/object (as for some attention effects).
Parametrically Constrained Lightness Model Incorporating Edge Classification And Increment-Decrement Neural Response Asymmetries, Michael E. Rudd
Parametrically Constrained Lightness Model Incorporating Edge Classification And Increment-Decrement Neural Response Asymmetries, Michael E. Rudd
MODVIS Workshop
Lightness matching data from disk-annulus experiments has the form of a parabolic (2nd-order polynomial) function when matches are plotted against annulus luminance on log-log axes. Rudd (2010) has proposed a computational cortical model to account for this fact and has subsequently (Rudd, 2013, 2014, 2015) extended the model to explain data from other lightness paradigms, including staircase-Gelb and luminance gradient illusions (Galmonte, Soranzo, Rudd, & Agostini, 2015). Here, I re-analyze parametric lightness matching data from disk-annulus experiments by Rudd and Zemach (2007) and Rudd (2010) for the purpose of further testing the model and to try to constrain …
Figure-Ground Organization Using 3d Symmetry, Aaron Michaux, Vijai Jayadevan, Edward Delp, Zygmunt Pizlo
Figure-Ground Organization Using 3d Symmetry, Aaron Michaux, Vijai Jayadevan, Edward Delp, Zygmunt Pizlo
MODVIS Workshop
We present a novel approach to object localization using mirror symmetry as a general purpose and biologically motivated prior. 3D symmetry leads to good segmentation because (i) almost all objects exhibit symmetry, and (ii) configurations of objects are not likely to be symmetric unless they share some additional relationship. Furthermore, psychophysical evidence suggests that the human vision system makes use symmetry in constructing 3D percepts, indicating that symmetry may be important in object localization. No general purpose approach is known for solving 3D symmetry correspondence in 2D camera images, because few invariants exist. Therefore, to test symmetry as a clustering …
A Mixture Model Demonstrates Use Of Distinct Strategies In A Global Motion Direction Task, Lanya Tianhao Cai, Benjamin T. Backus
A Mixture Model Demonstrates Use Of Distinct Strategies In A Global Motion Direction Task, Lanya Tianhao Cai, Benjamin T. Backus
MODVIS Workshop
Mixture models are well known in cognitive psychology, less so in vision. Are there cases where the data allow clear testing as to whether different strategies are employed in a task? Most psychophysical measurements manipulate a single staircase variable to map out a monotonic increasing function, but if performance is limited by different mechanisms over the range of the variable, classical fitting could be inappropriate. We present a data set and analyses that confirm the presence of two visual strategies addressing the same task, with the choice of strategies depending on the staircase variable. In a net-motion discrimination task, stimuli …
Choice-Dependent Perceptual Biases, Long Luu, Alan A. Stocker
Choice-Dependent Perceptual Biases, Long Luu, Alan A. Stocker
MODVIS Workshop
The perceived motion direction of a dynamic random dot stimulus is systematically biased when preceded by a motion discrimination task (Jazayeri and Movshon, 2007). The biases were originally thought to occur because subjects mistakenly reuse the neural read-out optimized for the discrimination task when forming the percept (Fig.1a, Task-dependent model). In a series of experiments, we demonstrated that this explanation is incorrect and that the biases actually result from the conditioning of the percept on the preceding discrimination judgment (Fig1.b, Choice-dependent model). Experiment 1 was aimed at replicating the biases for an orientation stimulus. Subjects first indicated whether the stimulus …
An Image-Based Model For Early Visual Processing, Heiko H. Schütt, Felix A. Wichmann
An Image-Based Model For Early Visual Processing, Heiko H. Schütt, Felix A. Wichmann
MODVIS Workshop
No abstract provided.
A Learning Model For L/M Specificity In Ganglion Cells, Albert Ahumada
A Learning Model For L/M Specificity In Ganglion Cells, Albert Ahumada
MODVIS Workshop
An unsupervised learning model for developing L/M specific wiring at the ganglion cell level would support the research indicating L/M specific wiring at the ganglion cell level (Reid and Shapley, 2002). Removing the contributions to the surround from cells of the same cone type improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the chromatic signals. The unsupervised learning model used is Hebbian associative learning, which strengthens the surround input connections according to the correlation of the output with the input. Since the surround units of the same cone type as the center are redundant with the center, their weights end up disappearing. This …
Focusing On Selection For Fixation, John K. Tsotsos, Calden Wloka, Yulia Kotseruba
Focusing On Selection For Fixation, John K. Tsotsos, Calden Wloka, Yulia Kotseruba
MODVIS Workshop
Building on our presentation at MODVIS 2015, we continue in our quest to discover a functional, computational, explanation of the relationship among visual attention, interpretation of visual stimuli, and eye movements, and how these produce visual behavior. Here, we focus on one component, how selection is accomplished for the next fixation. The popularity of saliency map models drives the inference that this is solved; we suggested otherwise at MODVIS 2015. Here, we provide additional empirical and theoretical arguments. We then develop arguments that a cluster of complementary, conspicuity representations drive selection, modulated by task goals and history, leading to a …
Learning Object Representations For Modeling Attention In Real World Scenes, Alex Schwarz, Frederik Beuth, Fred H. Hamker
Learning Object Representations For Modeling Attention In Real World Scenes, Alex Schwarz, Frederik Beuth, Fred H. Hamker
MODVIS Workshop
Models of visual attention have been rarely used in real world tasks as they have been typically developed for psychophysical setups using simple stimuli. Thus, the question remains how objects must be represented to allow such models an operation in real world scenarios. We have previously presented an attention model capable of operating on real-world scenes (Beuth, F., and Hamker, F. H. 2015, NCNC, which is a successor of Hamker, F. H., 2005, Cerebral Cortex), and show here how its object representations have been learned. We have used a learning rule based on temporal continuity (Földiák, P., 1991, Neural Computation) …
Precise Measurements Of Perceptual Attention Filters For Features, Peng Sun, Charles Chubb, Charles E. Wright, Stefanie Drew, George Sperling
Precise Measurements Of Perceptual Attention Filters For Features, Peng Sun, Charles Chubb, Charles E. Wright, Stefanie Drew, George Sperling
MODVIS Workshop
No abstract provided.