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Articles 1 - 30 of 94
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Primer On Perspectives And Practices Of Trauma, Trevor P. Haase
Primer On Perspectives And Practices Of Trauma, Trevor P. Haase
Educational Specialist, 2009-2019
A large majority of the general population has endured at least one traumatic event in their lifetime and many will seek counseling services to process and resolve the impact from the traumatic experience. Counselors and mental health providers will likely encounter trauma survivors in a high frequency in the majority of therapeutic settings. Practicum and internship level counselors are often not prepared for navigating the complexities that arise working with trauma survivors. This paper outlines the various perspectives and practices of the works of Dr. Bessel van der Kolk, Narrative Therapy, and Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. These orientations were designed …
Hiv/Aids And The European Union, Victor Hammarin
Hiv/Aids And The European Union, Victor Hammarin
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is an ailment like no other. Despite huge improvements in treatments for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which causes AIDS, those living with the disease continue to suffer from treatment inequality and discrimination. This is especially true in the European Union (EU), which is a supranational entity that works to improve prosperity, equality, and wellbeing among member-states. Despite extensive EU efforts to improve the standard of living across the inter-governmental body, treatment inequality for those living with HIV/AIDS in the EU continues to be a major issue. This study hypothesized that a strong EU initiative, which …
American Sign Language As A Foreign Language Equivalent At James Madison University, Abigail E. Compton
American Sign Language As A Foreign Language Equivalent At James Madison University, Abigail E. Compton
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
ASL is increasingly gaining acknowledgment as a foreign language in the university setting. At James Madison University, sign language classes have traditionally been housed within the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders. This research makes a case for considering ASL as an equivalent to courses in the Department of Foreign Languages, Literatures, and Cultures and argues that ASL meets the university standards for the study of a foreign language with regard to fulfilling Bachelor of Arts requirements.
Considering the linguistic history of ASL and the language’s accompanying culture, we will demonstrate the standards for teaching ASL are identical to the …
Preliminary Insights Into Prehistoric Toolstone Preference Of Two Igneous Materials In The Tanana River Drainage, Interior Alaska, Brooks A. Lawler
Preliminary Insights Into Prehistoric Toolstone Preference Of Two Igneous Materials In The Tanana River Drainage, Interior Alaska, Brooks A. Lawler
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
This project examines prehistoric human mobility and raw material preference for tool manufacture in a 45,918 square mile portion of Interior Alaska, the Tanana River Drainage. A geographic approach is used to investigate the distribution of prehistoric obsidian and rhyolitic artifacts in relation to the sources of these materials. The objective of the investigation is to reveal spatial patterning in the distributions of artifacts made of these two materials, relative to each other and relative to the cost of obtaining these raw materials from their sources on the landscape. I examine a hypothesis based in human behavioral ecology and optimal …
No Soy De Aquí, Ni Soy De Allá: How Stateless Individuals In The Dominican Republic Construct National Identity, Lindsay Wright
No Soy De Aquí, Ni Soy De Allá: How Stateless Individuals In The Dominican Republic Construct National Identity, Lindsay Wright
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
Resolution 12, a piece of national legislation in the Dominican Republic, retroactively revokes citizenship from individuals whose ancestors came to the country illegally. The resolution was proposed in 2007, signed into law in 2008, and ratified in 2013, rendering a large number of Dominican-born individuals stateless. Using the framework of Communication Theory of Identity (CTI), the researcher analyzed the communication processes and cultural elements stateless individuals utilize to form their national identity. The researcher used a qualitative approach to gather data, which were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Responses from the participants, provided through in-depth individual interviews, indicate that …
Global Gains, Local Costs? Evaluating The Nexus Of Industrial Agriculture, Conservation Science, And Rural Livelihoods In The African Tropics, Rachel E. Palkovitz
Global Gains, Local Costs? Evaluating The Nexus Of Industrial Agriculture, Conservation Science, And Rural Livelihoods In The African Tropics, Rachel E. Palkovitz
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
Industrial agriculture and protected areas for biodiversity conservation are two major drivers of land use policy in the African tropics, with consequences for both biodiversity and rural human populations. In Tanzania, conservation and development have led to the marginalization of pastoralists, including and especially rural Maasai. I examine how local perceptions of land use and livelihoods are influenced by recent and historical expansion of protected areas and large-scale industrial crop plantations in Longido, northern Tanzania. Using the framework of political ecology, I situate the emergence of industrial agriculture, especially that of palm oil, and protected areas in the African tropics …
Understanding Identity And Personality Authenticity Of Engineering Students, Kylie D. Stoup
Understanding Identity And Personality Authenticity Of Engineering Students, Kylie D. Stoup
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
Women are underrepresented in engineering, with 18-20% of engineering students being women1. We, therefore, used the framework of identity theory and self-concept differentiation to better understand female and male engineering student retention. An exploratory approach is used to measure freshman and senior engineering students’ personality and authenticity of personality across engineering and non-engineering contexts. First, we found personality profiles among engineering freshmen and seniors in engineering settings, and then compared them to their personality in nonacademic settings for authenticity purposes. Big 5 Personality and Authenticity scale were methods used through a survey to determine personality and authenticity in …
U.S. Policy And Civil Liberties In Cuba: A Qualitative Analysis, Jason E. Mann
U.S. Policy And Civil Liberties In Cuba: A Qualitative Analysis, Jason E. Mann
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
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Markers Of Social Movement Success: The Case Of Dominican Citizenship After Resolution 12, Kylie N. Skorupa
Markers Of Social Movement Success: The Case Of Dominican Citizenship After Resolution 12, Kylie N. Skorupa
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
Social movements are the basis for social change, started when a group challenges political authority and ending when its goals have finally been met. Social movement theory names many factors commonly found in social movements such as movement structure, leadership, framing, symbolic representation, resources, transnational activism, political opportunity, and media coverage, as well as many indicators of success including advocacy, public awareness, and policy change. It is vital to understand the indicators of success and their interplay within the movement to evaluate how a movement achieved success. This thesis seeks to examine these eight factors within the social movement MONDHA, …
Sensory Modalities Underlying The Escape Response Of The Cricket, Acheta Domesticus, To Looming Stimuli, Ariel M. Childs
Sensory Modalities Underlying The Escape Response Of The Cricket, Acheta Domesticus, To Looming Stimuli, Ariel M. Childs
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
In order to prevent injury or capture by a predator, animals have evolved escape behavior. Despite offering a more realistic, multimodal, approximation of an approaching predator, looming stimuli have rarely been used to evoke escape behavior in crickets. Wind stimuli, however, have been used on a variety of insects, including crickets where it has been found that direction of escape is directly correlated to the angle of incoming wind stimuli. Wind stimuli are detected by sensilla trichodea, small filiform hairs covering the cerci of crickets, locusts and cockroaches. Despite having other complex sensory systems, such as antennae and vision, …
Changing Peer’S Attitudes Towards Accommodations For Disabled Students, Dylan G. Kitley
Changing Peer’S Attitudes Towards Accommodations For Disabled Students, Dylan G. Kitley
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
Previous research on attitudes towards accommodations given to university students with disabilities has examined three groups: Faculty, disabled students, and their non-disabled peers. In general, faculty members have positive attitudes about implementing accommodations as long as they do not drastically change the curriculum. Both disabled and non-disabled students had similar positive attitudes for external disabilities such as visual impairment, cerebral palsy, and brain injury but less positive attitudes towards non-physical disabilities like depression. The purpose of this study was to see if an online educational intervention could change attitudes towards accommodations of disabilities. Participants (N = 122) were divided …
Initiating Conversation By A Kindergarten-Aged Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Eliana A. Segal
Initiating Conversation By A Kindergarten-Aged Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Eliana A. Segal
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have social skill deficits that are often manifested in a failure to achieve normal back-and-forth conversation. They rarely initiate social interactions and often show little responsiveness to others. This can extinguish the social initiations of their peers, leading to great difficulty making friends. The purpose of the present study was to teach a child with ASD at an inter-professional autism clinic how to initiate and reciprocate a social conversation. A prompt fading procedure was implemented during training sessions to build a set of social skills into the child’s repertoire. The intervention provided social attention …
Selected Health Behaviors Among Undergraduate College Students In Different Academic Disciplines, Patrick C. Gathman
Selected Health Behaviors Among Undergraduate College Students In Different Academic Disciplines, Patrick C. Gathman
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
Physical activity, campus recreation (CR) use, body mass index (BMI), and varied health indices were compared between academic discipline (AD) groups and sex. Participants (n = 219) were classified as AD I (kinesiology and physical education majors), AD II (health science majors and nursing majors), and AD III (representative sample of other non-health-related majors) in order to make between group comparisons based on the amount of emphasis placed on physical activity and health-related content within different disciplines. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between the academic discipline groups for International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) scores, CR minutes, CR days, CR time per day, vigorous physical activity (VPA), and perceived-health score; and between sex for BMI, VPA, sitting (SIT), fiber intake, and fruit and vegetable intake. When measuring CR use in total minutes per semester, days per semester, and minutes per day AD I was higher than AD II by 100%, 66%, and 21%, respectively; and AD I was higher than AD III by 247%, 160%, and 27%, respectively. The results indicate a positive relationship between the emphasis placed physical activity and health within an academic discipline and the degree to which students participate in physical activity, positive health behaviors and perceived health.
Interteaching And Mindset, Caroline D. Hall
Interteaching And Mindset, Caroline D. Hall
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
The researcher investigated the relationships between growth mindset and performance and statistics self-efficacy and performance in interteaching courses. The study included college students enrolled in one section of a Psychological Statistics and Measurements class. Participants completed a mindset survey indicating their level of growth mindset. Participants then completed a Statistics Self-Efficacy Survey. Finally, participants completed a demographics survey. Participants completed the mindset survey again in the middle of the semester as well as at the end of the semester. The researchers also collected behavioral data including the number of emails participants sent throughout the course and the number of preparation …
A Comparison Of Combined Versus Individual Cognitive Coping Strategies For Managing Pain, Grant Pointon
A Comparison Of Combined Versus Individual Cognitive Coping Strategies For Managing Pain, Grant Pointon
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
Several cognitive coping strategies for reducing pain sensation have been identified, but their effects have traditionally only been examined in isolation. The current investigation instead compared the effectiveness of traditional cognitive coping strategies based upon imagery and pain acknowledgement/attention against an “integrated” strategy (that required both strategies to be used in combination) within a cold pressor test (CPT). Participants (N = 24, Mage= 19.46, SD = 1.47) underwent a baseline condition followed by counterbalanced strategy trials: imagery, attention, & integrated condition. Tolerance times, pain ratings, and perceived control ratings were recorded. The imagery condition had lower pain …
Does Passion Predict Enjoyment And Performance In An Interteaching-Based Course?, Allison T. Piotrowski
Does Passion Predict Enjoyment And Performance In An Interteaching-Based Course?, Allison T. Piotrowski
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
The present study sought to examine whether passion for academic activities predicted students’ enjoyment of and performance in an interteaching-based course. Although previous studies have shown interteaching to produce better student-learning outcomes than lecture, few studies have examined factors that predict how students respond to interteaching. Because people who have higher levels of harmonious passion tend to approach activities in an open and flexible manner, we predicted that harmonious passion for academic activities would predict increased enjoyment of and performance in an interteaching-based course. In contrast, because people with higher levels of obsessive passion approach activities in a rigid and …
The Relationship Between Mortality Salience And The Two Subtypes Of Narcissism, Rianna H. Yung
The Relationship Between Mortality Salience And The Two Subtypes Of Narcissism, Rianna H. Yung
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
Terror management theory (TMT) posits that a psychological conflict (“terror”) is created when human beings are reminded of their own mortality (Solomon, Greenberg, & Pyszczynski, 1991). This experimental study examines whether the impact of mortality salience on self-esteem is moderated by individual differences in narcissism. There are two subtypes of narcissism, namely grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism. Grandiose narcissism is associated with higher self-esteem, whereas vulnerable narcissism is associated with lower self-esteem. Participants (N = 437) completed an online survey that consisted of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Inventory, the Pathological Narcissism Inventory, a mortality salience manipulation or the control task, …
Exploring The Associations Among College Students Self-Reported Resilience, Coping Behavior, Goal Orientation And Passion For Academics, Sara C. Mcmillan
Exploring The Associations Among College Students Self-Reported Resilience, Coping Behavior, Goal Orientation And Passion For Academics, Sara C. Mcmillan
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
The current study expanded research on resilience by examining associations between resilience, coping behaviors, goal orientation and passion for academics of college students. Participants were 252 undergraduate students (147 female, 105 male) with an average age of 19. Three resilience scales assessed in this study, Resilience Scale for Adults, Brief Resilience Scale and the Academic Resilience Scale, were positively correlated with each other. Resilience was positively correlated with adaptive coping, learning goals and harmonious passion. Resilience and maladaptive coping were negatively correlated. This study connected variables not previously examined in a college student population. Limitations and implications of the findings …
Predicting Student Involvement In Campus Recreation Programs, Nicole Grabowski
Predicting Student Involvement In Campus Recreation Programs, Nicole Grabowski
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
Purpose: To identify factors that predict the frequency of campus recreation (CR) use at a 4-year, public university in the mid-Atlantic region.
Methods: Students were given an online survey to collect a variety of student lifestyle and health information, including campus residency status, gender, year, height, weight, academic discipline, semester credit hour enrollment, and job hours per week during the semester. Analysis participants (n = 1561) were divided into two subsets, one with 90% of the subjects, and one with 10% of the subjects. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed on the 90% subset with the predictor variables. Two …
Seeing The Forests For The Trees: A Comparative Study Of The Green Belt And Chipko Movements, Claire E. Elverum
Seeing The Forests For The Trees: A Comparative Study Of The Green Belt And Chipko Movements, Claire E. Elverum
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
The Green Belt Movement (GBM) in Kenya and the Chipko movement in India are two examples of social movements that support the ecofeminist ideology. Both of these environmental movements began under similar circumstances at around the same time, but they are now very different. While the GBM broadened its focus beyond planting trees and gained widespread international attention, the Chipko movement maintained its central focus on protecting trees and remained relatively decentralized and informal. This paper uses these two social movements to explore which factors most influence social movement success and international reach.
Beyond Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Learned Information In Forodhani Park, Jaimie Lynn Mulligan
Beyond Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Learned Information In Forodhani Park, Jaimie Lynn Mulligan
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
This ethnographic study examines Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Mji Mkongwe (Stone Town), Zanzibar, and how ecological knowledge shared by locals on the island is formed and is shared among locals in a park setting. Using a framework of political ecology, this study specifically highlights ecological pressures of local population growth, global climate change on a local scale, and local economic changes as the key drivers for the creation and cultural importance of Traditional Ecological Knowledge. To discover both the ecological pressures and the examples of Traditional Ecological Knowledge, I conducted semi-structured, open-ended interviews in Forodhani Park, a public park on …
Military Connections, Shannon M. Malloy
Military Connections, Shannon M. Malloy
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
There is a long tradition of research on children from military families, which has focused on observations that these children often exhibit both internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. One of the emphases over that last several decades as the military moves to an all-volunteer force, is a recognition that the military is no longer largely staffed by single males. An emphasis on military families has been exhibited at many different levels. This research compared university students with and without a parental history of military service on extroversion, self-esteem, and attachment style. The hypothesis regarding higher rates of extroversion among children …
Perceptions Of Safety In Urban Spaces: The Fan District, Richmond, Va, Lindy C. Westenhoff
Perceptions Of Safety In Urban Spaces: The Fan District, Richmond, Va, Lindy C. Westenhoff
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
This project identifies and spatially analyzes environmental factors that influence the perception of safety in populations of women within Richmond’s LGBT community. The project was conceived due to increasing calls for awareness about street harassment. Its purpose is to examine what physical factors, at the street level, increase or decrease feelings of safety or discomfort for women within this community.
In the first part of the project, survey data was collected from volunteer participants, members of either Diversity Richmond, downtown Richmond’s local LGBT resource center, or Madison Equality, the LGBT student organization at James Madison University. Using blank paper maps …
Analysis Of The Responses To Poverty In Harrisonburg, Virginia, Kara Krantz
Analysis Of The Responses To Poverty In Harrisonburg, Virginia, Kara Krantz
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
Lyndon B. Johnson’s War on Poverty was established in 1964 to eradicate poverty in the United States. There have been great strides towards accomplishing this goal; however, poverty continues to persist. The purpose of this study is to analyze poverty in Harrisonburg, Virginia and how it compares to poverty at the state and national levels. In addition, this study evaluates the services provided by nonprofits and government agencies to the poor in Harrisonburg. Finally, it investigates the interactions among the nonprofits and government agencies. Poverty statistics come from the U.S. Census Bureau. Analysis of the data reflects that the presence …
Sickness Of The Soul: Language Mediated Understandings Of Depression Across Cultures, Elyssa M. Fogleman
Sickness Of The Soul: Language Mediated Understandings Of Depression Across Cultures, Elyssa M. Fogleman
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
Through the use of word association tasks and semi-structured interviews, the present study gathered information on the current dominant understandings of “depression” in America and “yuutsu” and “utsubyou” in Japan. The results were compared to the findings of a similar study that was conducted in the mid 1970s that aimed to find connections between language and the subjective experience of depression. In comparing the responses from the 1970s and the present, it was found that the dominant understanding of depression has been subject to change. These changes can be attributed to larger shifts in the sociopolitical climate, the proliferation of …
The Expansion Of The Training Of The Hospital Emergency Response Team At Sentara Rockingham Memorial With The Harrisonburg Rescue Squad, Allison E. Mayzel
The Expansion Of The Training Of The Hospital Emergency Response Team At Sentara Rockingham Memorial With The Harrisonburg Rescue Squad, Allison E. Mayzel
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
Major emergency incidents occur without any notice and can cause extreme disorder and confusion. The hospital in Harrisonburg, Virginia, Sentara Rockingham Memorial, has created a Hospital Emergency Response Team (HERT) that will be prepared to respond to major incidents in order to create an Emergency Treatment Area that will triage, decontaminate, and transport patients. An agency that operates closely with the HERT is Harrisonburg Rescue Squad. The Rescue Squad is the first response to the scene of disasters, therefore it is important for them to be prepared for any emergency situation. In order to create uniformity between the Rescue Squad …
Ngo Collaboration In Natural Disaster Response Efforts- A Comparative Case Study Of Earthquakes In Asia, Richelle S. Grogg
Ngo Collaboration In Natural Disaster Response Efforts- A Comparative Case Study Of Earthquakes In Asia, Richelle S. Grogg
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
This paper examines the response of NGOs to natural disasters, specifically in regards to collaboration efforts. The study utilizes a comparative case study methodology of most-similar design to look at three specific disasters- The Kashmir Earthquake, The Sichuan Earthquake, and The Japan Earthquake. Within each of these earthquakes the organizations Doctors Without Borders, the International Red Cross, and Oxfam International’s specific responses will be highlighted. The collaboration efforts will be examined utilizing general questions focusing on willingness to collaborate, commitment, and compatibility of objectives. Ultimately, this study found that all three components seem to be hypotheses worthy of further study.
The Impact Of Market Perception On Sovereign Default Risk In The European Union, Keith Pendergrast
The Impact Of Market Perception On Sovereign Default Risk In The European Union, Keith Pendergrast
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
The recent debt crisis in the European Union has resulted in the differential treatment of Greece’s debt due in large part to market perception. This is evident in the large differences in credit default swap spreads between Greece and other periphery countries in Europe. The goal of this thesis is to explore the differential treatment, and determine the magnitude of this difference. In order to do this, a fixed effect regression is implemented to first determine that a difference exists. Then, a perception index is created in order to determine the magnitude of the market perception. Using these methods we …
Too Much Television?: Does Watching Political Ads Influence If And How People Vote?, Andrew Haveles
Too Much Television?: Does Watching Political Ads Influence If And How People Vote?, Andrew Haveles
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
The goal of this study was to examine the impact of negative political advertising on a young voters’ emotions and his/her decision to vote in the next election. This was done through the lens of the theory of cultivation analysis. The theory stated that the more television a person watches, the more likely he/she is to believe what he/she sees is reality. Using a cross-sectional survey, 324 participants viewed one of four political ads or a control group ad. Although no significant evidence found that negative political ads would stop people from voting, some significant evidence suggested that negative ads …
Leadership, Culture, And Academic Success, An Internal And External Departmental Analysis And Comparison Of The James Madison University Engineering Program, Sierra Hahn-Ventrell
Leadership, Culture, And Academic Success, An Internal And External Departmental Analysis And Comparison Of The James Madison University Engineering Program, Sierra Hahn-Ventrell
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
Madison Engineering is a unique young program that does not follow the traditional teachings of engineering education. The following study analyzes the output variable of academic success of the Madison Engineering program in relation to the culture of the program and the leadership styles of those in management positions within the department. Eight comparative schools were selected, analyzed, and surveyed to compare to Madison Engineering and cross-examine how different leadership styles affect certain outputs.
From extensive research and benchmarking, data was collected to compare measures of leadership and culture to output variables of academic success. A survey was further conducted …