Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

A Persistent Danger: Unexploded Ordnance In Populated Areas, Npa, Mines Advisory Group, Humanity And Inclusion

Global CWD Repository

The United Nations, the International Committee of the Red Cross, and the International Network on Explosive Weapons have convincingly documented that the use of explosive weapons (especially those with wide area effects) in populated areas (EWIPA) creates an unacceptably high risk of indiscriminate harm. As humanitarian mine action organizations working in urban environments, we see this harm being done in numerous conflict zones every day.

Discussion of the harm caused by EWIPA typically focuses on the immediate effects of these weapons when they explode, as well as reverberating effects leading to displacement; damage to vital services such as healthcare, water, …

The Humanitarian And Developmental Impact Of Anti-Vehicle Mines, Gichd

Global CWD Repository

Anti-vehicle mines (AVMs) have always had a humanitarian impact, but their significance has often been overshadowed by the higher-profile topic of anti-personnel mines (APMs), and thus the need to address AVMs has been neglected. In some countries, AVMs now present a greater threat to civilian populations than APMs, yet they are often viewed as a marginal issue in international fora. This publication seeks to depict the physical, social, economic and developmental impact of AVMs. AVMs are landmines designed to be triggered by vehicles rather than individual people. They can remain active for decades, and a number of them are difficult …

Regional Evaluation Of Ec-Funded Mine Action Support In Asia-Pacific 2002-2008, Ted Paterson, Erik Tollefsen, Mao Vanna

Global CWD Repository

In 2001 the Council of Ministers and the European Parliament adopted two Regulations on the reinforcement of the EU response against Antipersonnel Landmines (APL). These (referred to collectively as “the Regulation”) laid the foundation of an integrated European policy. The Regulation states the need to regularly assess operations financed by the Community and that the European Commission (EC) shall submit to the European Parliament an overall assessment of all Community mine action. To implement these provisions, the EC commissioned a global assessment of EC mine policy and actions over the period 2002-2004 and entered into an agreement with the Geneva …

Consolidating Post Conflict Development: Unexploded Ordnance And The Legacy Of The Conflict In Laos, Kearrin Sims

Global CWD Repository

Over thirty-four years since the 1960-1975 Second Indochina War, Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) continues to inhibit a multitude of development priorities in Laos. One of only three remaining Least Developed Countries in Southeast Asia, greater understanding of the socio-economic effects of UXO is crucial to the development of Laos. Drawing on three weeks of field work in June 2009, primarily composed of semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation and literature analysis, this thesis examines the effects of UXO alongside an analysis of how existing responses to UXO contamination in Laos may be improved.

Furthermore, it is argued in this thesis that discrepancies over …

Outcome Evaluation For Mine Action Programme, Robert Keeley

Global CWD Repository

During a country wide survey undertaken by Swiss Foundation for Mine-action (FSD) between 2003-05 it was determined that approximately km2 of land was contaminated with mines and Un-exploded Ordnance (UXO). However, during the past 5 years, various activities such as Land Release (LR), Technical Survey (TS) and Clearance, has reduced the SHAs level to approximately 15-17 km2. UNDP hired Dr. Robert Keeley of RK Consulting Ltd (the 'Consultant') to undertake an Outcome Evaluation of the Country Programme Action Plan (CPAP) 2005-2009, Outcome #6 to "Create a sustainable national institution to plan, coordinate and implement comprehensive mine action." The Consultant identified …

Ddasaccident687, Hd-Aid

Global CWD Repository

The accident occurred because of the ignorance of standard operating procedures and appropriated method of demolitions and destruction of ammunitions.

Evaluation Of Mine Risk Education In The Kingdom Of Cambodia, Cambodian Mine Action And Victim Assistance Authority

Global CWD Repository

Mine Risk Education (MRE) has been implemented in Cambodia since 1993 with the aim of encouraging people to adopt mine/UXO risk avoidance behaviours to prevent mine/UXO injures. Mine Risk Education is coordinated by the MRE Unit of the Cambodian Mine Action and Victim Assistance Authority (CMAA) and implemented through both government and non-government service providers. Key service providers are the Cambodian Mine Action Centre (CMAC), Cambodian Red Cross (CRC), CARE, The HALO Trust, Handicap International Belguim (HIB), Mines Advisory Group (MAG), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MoEYS), National Police, Spirit of Soccer (SOS) and World Vision Cambodia. Initial activities …

Toward A New Mine Action Strategy For Cambodia, Ted Paterson, Mao Vanna, Chan Rotha

Global CWD Repository

This report presents the findings, conclusions, and recommendations from a study on the need for a new national mine action strategy for Cambodia. The study entailed a document review; the preparation and distribution of a stakeholder questionnaire and the analysis of responses; and interviews with representatives from a number of mine action and disability assistance organisations, government ministries, etc.

Ddasaccident626, Hd-Aid

Global CWD Repository

The source of detonation was 23mm ammunition packed in a water thermos. The main cause of the accident appears to be poor packing of ammunition and the likelihood that some of the rounds transported had exposed retaining balls.

Ddasaccident667, Hd-Aid

Global CWD Repository

The accident has occurred because of deminer’s carelessness as he entered into unsafe area for urination and touched the unknown item.

Ddasaccident684, Hd-Aid

Global CWD Repository

The Team member established rest area in the one side of the previously cleared BAC task#228, during the off time the deminers wants to rest in the designated rest area in the task # 228, on the way to the rest area the deminers hit a stone by foot and the accident happened to them.

Report On The Follow-Up Assessment Into Operational Mine/Uxo Activities In Kosovo, Gichd

Global CWD Repository

In July-August 2006, the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) conducted a mission to Kosovo at the request of the Office of the Kosovo Protection Corps Coordinator (OKPCC). The purpose of the mission was to assess concerns raised by the HALO Trust that the extent of the remaining landmine and unexploded ordnance (UXO) contamination in Kosovo had been underestimated and, thus, provided an inadequate basis for future planning. The assessment team reviewed a sample of task dossiers, including all those identified as a concern by the HALO Trust. They found some problems with information management in the Explosive Ordnance …

Aimad Land Titling Pilot Project: Research On Post Clearance Land Titling, Srin Davy, Mao Vanna

Global CWD Repository

During the Democratic Kampuchea regime (1975-79), all cadastral records were destroyed. This disrupted continuity of land titling and caused many uncertainties. Currently there are a range of laws relating to land ownership that must be considered in the context of allocating demined land to beneficiaries. It is important that beneficiaries are able to secure legal title to the land they are allocated, to ensure their future security and long term benefits of the demining process overall. Therefore, the objective of this research is to pave the way for Austcare to develop a procedure or procedures to integrate the relevant legal …

Integrated Mine Action: Lessons And Recommendations From Austcare's Program In Cambodia, Sally Campbell Thorpe

Global CWD Repository

This report identifies lessons learned and best practices from Austcare’s Integrated Mine Action (IMA) Program in Cambodia. It provides key recommendations for Austcare to consider implementing, while also highlighting broader perspectives that may be of interest to other agencies involved in IMA or seeking to develop a similar approach. To date, few organisations have documented their field-based experiences in IMA. This report explores Austcare’s experience in Cambodia to explain and advocate the benefits of IMA, as well to identify some of the challenges involved. It is hoped that the results will encourage a broader discussion and exchange on the subject. …

Assessment Into Operational Mine/Uxo Clearance Activities In Kosovo, Vera Bohle, Phil Bean

Global CWD Repository

In detail the review team conducted a systematic review of the Task Dossiers held by the EOD Management Section to determine whether appropriate actions have been undertaken to declare Dangerous Areas (DAs) as being either cleared, cancelled, or to designate the DA as being a future clearance task. Due to the limited time of the evaluation a sample of 156 Dangerous Areas or Minefields (not counting CBU strike duplicates) included in 90 different Task Dossiers were investigated through the application of an agreed methodology. The selection of Task Dossiers did not follow coincidental or average sampling procedures, but was guided …

Evaluation Of The Task Assessment And Planning (Tap) Project In Five Provinces Of Cambodia, Canadian International Development Agency

Global CWD Repository

The evaluation explains the context of the TAP project in Cambodia, the task assessment and planning projects, methods and measures, as well as results. The study also provides as summary assessment, discusses lessons learned and lists recommendations. The Task Assessment and Planning (TAP) Project has come at a critical juncture for mine action in Cambodia. It is a time when a few donors, Canada among them, argue strongly that mine action is best served by building capacity among provincial government groups for setting mine action priorities. Few donors would take exception to this in principle, but in practice the more …

Mine Risk Education Strategic Plan, Cambodian Mine Action And Victim Assistance Authority

Global CWD Repository

The Royal Decree No. NS/RKT/0900/160, promulgated on 04 September 2000, on the establishment of the Cambodian Mine Action and Victim Assistance Authority, known as the CMAA, and the Sub-Decree on its organization and functioning have established a suitable framework for developing a national strategic plan for all mine action activities, including mine risk education plans. This document was prepared taking into consideration the current mine/UXO accident rate in the Kingdom of Cambodia. It also takes account of the Prime Minister’s address to the nation on the occasion of Mine Awareness Day 2006, during which he re-iterated the ultimate goal of …

National Explosive Remnants Of War Response Study, Cambodia, Dave Mccracken, Bruce Powell, Leng Sochea

Global CWD Repository

The purpose of this study was to initiate a strategic dialogue through an assessment of the explosive remnants of war (ERW) issues facing the future of the mine action sector in Cambodia. The report takes stock of the mine action situation, analyses the broad issues of ERW contamination and determines the needs for an effective long-term National ERW Response thrugh the process of "End State Programming". It is the first step towards comprehending existing explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) operational data and a wealth of un-analysed data on aerial bombardment that have not been fully exploited to define the scope of …

Evaluation Report Of Technical Survey Operations Within The Cambodian Mine Action Centre, Hemi Morete, Tim Lardner

Global CWD Repository

The evaluation considered technical survey activities at both the technical and strategic levels in order to assess the Cambodian Mine Action Centre (CMAC) technical survey capacity established in 2003. The assessment was conducted in four phases. The first phase was a document study which enabled the evaluation team to gain an understanding of the procedures and processes used within CMAC for technical survey. The second phase involved interviews with key stakeholders in Phnom Penh, and phase three consisted of a series of field visits to CMAC technical survey assets operating in Demining Units 1, 2, and 3. The fourth and …

Emergency Recovery Project, Impact Assessment Report-Ethiopia, Afeta Merga, Bultosa Gadisa, Birhanu Abje

Global CWD Repository

The objectives of the study are to carry out impact assessments of assistance on: i) household rehabilitation assistance to enable the IDPs beneficiaries return to their homes and resume their normal livelihood; ii) assistance given to the FDs cope up with the death of their breadwinners and support themselves with farm and non –farm income generating activities; iii) and assistance given to the IDPs get established with income generating activities; iv) repair and reconstruction of community infrastructure; and v) assess the impact of de-mining activities on the free movements of IDPs and their animals, on accidents, return to home and …

Community Participation In Mine Action: Study In Kwanza Sul Province, Angola, Ruth Bottomley

Global CWD Repository

In line with the Norwegian People's Aid (NPA) international strategy, which promotes a rights-based partnership approach, the NPA is committed to exploring new approaches to mine action that promote greater involvement of the local mine affected populations. A starting point in this process is a review and conceptual framework paper prepared for NPA by Ruth Bottomley. Through a review of existing documents, the paper provides a reflection on why community participation is important in mine action and outlines some of the challenges. Existing examples of community participation in mine action are compiled with documented strengths and weaknesses.

External Evaluation Of Unicef Support To Rehabilitation/Reintegration Of Mine/Uxo Victims And Disabled People, Unicef

Global CWD Repository

Support for the rehabilitation and reintegration of mine victims and disabled people provided through the Child Protection Programme is well targeted and guided by an appropriately informed and considered strategy. The choice of projects covers several of the Programme's key focal areas including health and education, policy and mainstreaming of disability into humanitarian responses. Current partners provide the program good geographic coverage, effective use of existing resources and constructive engagement of government and community stakeholders. There is ample evidence that support from UNICEF's Child Protection Programme has played a significant role in reducing discrimination and promoting the full development and …

In-Country Trials Cambodia: Minehound, Arnold Schoolderman

Global CWD Repository

In the framework of the in-country trials of the hand-held dual-sensor system Minehound in Cambodia, tests additional to the main trials are executed. In this document two of these additional tests are reported. Both are blind tests. In the first test the ability of the local deminers to discriminate mine-like targets from indigenous clutter with the help of the Minehound is examined. In the second test the ability of these deminers to discriminate adjacently buried low-metal targets and targets that contain a lot of metal, is investigated. These tests were executed mid August 2005 at the test site that was …

Post War Legacy And Poverty: Case Study Of The Landmine/Uxo Problem In Rural Communities In Quang Tri Province, Vietnam, Duong Trong Hue

Global CWD Repository

Examines the links between postwar landmine/UXO contamination and poverty in two communes of Quang Tri Province.

Mine Risk Education Project Of Unicef: A Formative Evaluation, Unicef

Global CWD Repository

Two decades of war in Sri Lanka have given rise to the problem of landmines and unexploded ordnances threatening the lives of civilians in the Northeast.

The United Nations and government of Sri Lanka initiated a mine action programme, which includes a Mine Risk Education Programme. Supported by UNICEF, it has been implemented since 1997 in the Jaffna District and Vanni region in close co-ordination with UNDP. Today, MRE has reached a professional standard, using tried and tested tools to promote mine-safe behaviour.

This formative evaluation study assesses the effect of MRE on the beneficiary communities. Field research was carried …

Five Year National Strategic Mine Action Plan For Yemen, 2004 – 2009 Revised And Extended June 2004, Gichd

Global CWD Repository

During this revised five-year period Strategic Plan the Yemen Mine Action Programme will meet the objective of the Ottawa Treaty and thus become one of the first mine affected countries in the world to make it happen. From April 1 2009 the Government of Yemen commits itself to use its national human and financial resources in its effort to eradicate and negate the remaining mines and UXOs from the soil of Yemen.

This document addresses the Strategy for Mine Action in Yemen from mid 2004 to mid 2009. In line with this strategic plan a reviewed Project Document for Phase …

Technical Assistance To Uxo Clearance Operations In Savannakhet Province, Lao Pdr, Nigel Orr

Global CWD Repository

The needs of the communities vary depending on their location. The communities close to the main access routes have few needs in relation to UXO action as they have access to most services already and many have already received UXO clearance support. The communities in the inaccessible areas need safe land to grow food, but in many cases access is required to permit UXO clearance and other development activities to take place. For these areas UXO clearance in support of access is most important with clearance for agriculture required once access is achieved. UXO clearance to reduce accidents are not …

Decisions Tools Manual, Cisr

CISR Studies and Reports

This decision tools manual outlines methods through which nations and organizations with limited resources can accurately prioritize humanitarian mine action projects and clearance efforts. This methods include a cost-benefit analysis of the socio-economic effect of mine clearance with field examples from Thailand and Ethiopia.

Afghanistan Ordnance Identification Guide, Cisr

Global CWD Repository

This guide provides information to facilitate international unexploded ordnance (UXO) awareness and identification. This guide is not intended for use by Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) technicians. Rather, it is designed for other personnel who, of necessity, are trying to identify ordnance in the absence of trained EOD military professionals.

Mission To Assess Future Sustainable Options Of The Lao Uxo Trust Fund And The Uxo Lao Mine Action Programme, Robert Keeley, Alison Allcock, Thongdeng Singthilath, Marty Kongsaysy

Global CWD Repository

This report sets out some ideas for scoping the contamination problem in Lao PDR and suggests ways by which priority areas could be identified. This leads to means by which long, medium and short term strategic action plans could be developed and an exit strategy for international assistance established. This report then identifies two options for reconstructuring the UXO program that address stakeholder concerns.