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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Strategies Of Friendship Maintenance In Mexico: Gender Differences, Claudia López Becerra, Isabel Reyes Lagunes, Sofia Rivera Aragón
Strategies Of Friendship Maintenance In Mexico: Gender Differences, Claudia López Becerra, Isabel Reyes Lagunes, Sofia Rivera Aragón
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Friendship development refers to the course that people follow since they know each other until they may stop being close friends any more. In this process, the actions making the progress of the relationship possible should be considered, as well as what attracts one person to another and the actions that maintain and deepen the relationship. Blieszner & Adams (1992) agree that friendship develops from knowing each other to obtaining emotional closeness; they define phases that describe changes in friendship. They also agree that those phases do not follow a predetermined sequence, for some friendships become quite close and some …
Are Attitudes Of Young Portuguese Towards Immigration Also Hardening? A Comparison Between 1999 And 2006, Félix Neto
Are Attitudes Of Young Portuguese Towards Immigration Also Hardening? A Comparison Between 1999 And 2006, Félix Neto
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
The host majority has an important impact on how immigrants adapt to their new land. The focus of the present chapter1 is to understand attitudes of Portuguese young people towards immigration. To achieve this aim, a pilot study was conducted with the ISATIS (International Study of Attitudes Towards Immigration and Settlement) instrument. The sample consisted of 477 Portuguese youngsters attending courses in high school, interviewed in 1999 and in 2006. All participants were of Portuguese origin and 94% were born in Portugal. Their age ranged between 16 and 20 years. An examination of acculturation expectations towards immigration showed that Integration …
Dimensions Of Social Axioms And Alternative Country-Clustering Methods, Aikaterini Gari, Kostas Mylonas, Penny Panagiotopoulou
Dimensions Of Social Axioms And Alternative Country-Clustering Methods, Aikaterini Gari, Kostas Mylonas, Penny Panagiotopoulou
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Social Axioms are defined as general beliefs that represent one’s view about how the world functions and how two entities are related “in the universe”. The Social Axiom dimensions as proposed by Leung & Bond are Social Cynicism, Social Complexity, Reward for Application, Fate Control, and Religiosity. The first aim of this study was to investigate how the Social Axiom dimensions are identified in Greece and in five more countries (N=1,375) that differ broadly in their ecological and religion characteristics (Hong-Kong, USA, UK, Spain, and India). The second aim was to enhance factor equivalence levels by forming homogeneous subsets of …
Relating Self-Complexity To Coping And Adaptation With Chinese College Students: A New Measurement Perspective, Wenshu Luo, David Watkins
Relating Self-Complexity To Coping And Adaptation With Chinese College Students: A New Measurement Perspective, Wenshu Luo, David Watkins
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Research into self-complexity has been hampered by problems with its measurement. The present study was designed to test the generality of Western findings about self-complexity and improve the measurement and our understanding of this construct by examining the relationships of four measures of self-complexity to coping and psychological adaptation with 347 Chinese college students. A new measure, the Self-Complexity Task was developed to obtain the number of self-aspects and the average distinction among self-aspects separately, and was employed in parallel to Linville’s H measure as the overlap among self-aspects in terms of their descriptive traits. As found in Western cultures, …
Acquiescence And Extremity In Cross-National Surveys: Domain Dependence And Country-Level Correlates, Tobias K. Van Dijk, Femke Datema, Stephanie C. M. Welten, Fons J. R. Van De Vijver
Acquiescence And Extremity In Cross-National Surveys: Domain Dependence And Country-Level Correlates, Tobias K. Van Dijk, Femke Datema, Stephanie C. M. Welten, Fons J. R. Van De Vijver
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Likert-type rating scales are susceptible to response styles, such as acquiescence and extremity scoring. Although it is widely acknowledged that response styles can seriously invalidate findings of cross-cultural research, their theoretical underpinnings are hardly explored. The current study analyzed domain-dependency and country differences in acquiescence and extremity scoring in a large dataset of the International Social Survey Program. The hypothesis that response styles are more likely in domains with a high personal relevance compared to domains with a low personal relevance was tentatively confirmed. Correlations with various cultural, psychological, and economic variables were investigated. We found that acquiescence was negatively …
Introduction And Overview, Aikaterini Gari, Kostas Mylonas
Introduction And Overview, Aikaterini Gari, Kostas Mylonas
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
No abstract provided.
Inside Of Front Cover, Aikaterini Gari, Kostas Mylonas
Inside Of Front Cover, Aikaterini Gari, Kostas Mylonas
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
No abstract provided.
Geocentric Gestures As A Research Tool, Pierre R. Dasen, Nilima Changkakoti, Milena Abbiati, Shanta Niraula, Ramesh C. Mishra, Harold Foy
Geocentric Gestures As A Research Tool, Pierre R. Dasen, Nilima Changkakoti, Milena Abbiati, Shanta Niraula, Ramesh C. Mishra, Harold Foy
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
This study1 is part of a large-scale cross-cultural research project on the development of spatial language and cognition, in India, Indonesia and Nepal, that focuses on a culturally particular way of organizing small-scale, table space, using a large-scale geocentric spatial orientation system (Dasen & Mishra, in preparation). One of the main questions is at what age this geocentric frame of reference starts to be effective. The study of language development does not provide a clear answer, because young children (ages 4 to 7) use ambiguous “deictic” descriptions, i.e., they just say “this way” accompanied by a gesture. Can these gestures …
Beyond Indigenization: International Dissemination Of Research By Majority-World Psychologists, John G. Adair, Yoshi Kashima, Maria Regina Maluf, Janak Pandey
Beyond Indigenization: International Dissemination Of Research By Majority-World Psychologists, John G. Adair, Yoshi Kashima, Maria Regina Maluf, Janak Pandey
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Analyses of the affiliations of authors of articles published in targeted samples of North American and international journals revealed trends toward increasing international publication by psychologists from countries outside the U.S., i.e., from countries in the rest of the world (ROW). Relatively few of these ROW publications came from psychologists from developing countries. Because developing countries are most numerous and represent the majority of the people in the world, their contribution to the world of psychology is important. Following a summary presentation of data for each journal for psychologists from East Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and South Asia …
Effects Of Reading Direction On Visuospatial Organization: A Critical Review, Sylvie Chokron, Seta Kazandjian, Maria De Agostini
Effects Of Reading Direction On Visuospatial Organization: A Critical Review, Sylvie Chokron, Seta Kazandjian, Maria De Agostini
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Over the past decades, a growing literature on perceptual bias has investigated the factors that determine normal performance in simple visuospatial tasks, such as line bisection and aesthetic preference. Normal right-handed participants may exhibit spatial asymmetries in these tasks with a tendency to bisect to the left of the objective middle in line bisection and a preference for images with the center of interest in their right half in aesthetic preference tasks. These patterns of performance have mostly been attributed to hemispheric imbalance. Other explanations have also been put forth to explain the spatial asymmetries seen in the normal population. …
Developing Social Policy In A Multi-Cultural Setting: The Role Of Applied Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vassos Gavriel
Developing Social Policy In A Multi-Cultural Setting: The Role Of Applied Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vassos Gavriel
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
How should public policies respond to the dynamics of the multicultural setting? This chapter illustrates how cross-cultural psychology was used to provide tangible intellectual support to help develop and frame a policy response in the multicultural setting. Over the past twenty years, New Zealand has changed from a bicultural to multicultural society competing in the global economy. This chapter identifies policy issues and challenges the transition to a diverse, multicultural society has created, the type of response that was developed and its outcome. These are informed by the author’s personal reflections in developing and promoting Ethnic Perspectives in Policy, a …
Early Childhood Services And Supports In The Context Of Cultural Community Psychology, Richard N. Roberts
Early Childhood Services And Supports In The Context Of Cultural Community Psychology, Richard N. Roberts
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
cultural and community aspects of the family’s and child’s experience. Though the effects of each of these variables may be hard to separate, distinct elements of each can be seen in the three examples used to illustrate this point. The common theme of the three case studies demonstrates that neither the community ecology nor cultural archetypes provide sufficiently satisfactory explanations for the everyday behaviors of the family members. Rather, the common denominator involves the context in which community and cultural influences interact to determine the outcome. When the context is one that supports both sets of influences, the families of …
Cultural Conception Of Friendship: What Do Ecuadorians And Poles Expect From A Friend?, Zuzanna Wisniewska, Pawel Boski
Cultural Conception Of Friendship: What Do Ecuadorians And Poles Expect From A Friend?, Zuzanna Wisniewska, Pawel Boski
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
The present study investigates similarities and differences in perception of emotional support and conversational intimacy between friends. Burleson’s (1994) typology of emotional support and analysis of Polish vs. Latin American cultures served as the theoretical framework for this study. Participants (Ecuadorians=87, Poles=60) completed a questionnaire consisting of five episodes-dialogues between two women whose behaviors reflected two variables: (i) Type of emotional support: Low versus High person-centered; and (ii) Success versus Failure story. Both partners, in dyads, where emotional support was high person-centered, enjoyed more positive evaluation than friends in low person-centered support dyads. Poles were more sensitive to how the …
Uncertainty Orientation: A Theory Of Self-Regulation Within And Across Cultures As Related To Cognition, Andrew C. H. Szeto, Richard M. Sorrentino, Satoru Yasunaga, John Nezlek
Uncertainty Orientation: A Theory Of Self-Regulation Within And Across Cultures As Related To Cognition, Andrew C. H. Szeto, Richard M. Sorrentino, Satoru Yasunaga, John Nezlek
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Erich Fromm once said “the quest for certainty blocks the search for meaning. Uncertainty is the very condition to impel man to unfold his powers.” For some, this quote is unmistakably true, impelling them to great discoveries of nature and the mind. For others, uncertainty is the very essence of confusion and ambiguity, offering nothing more than reason to retreat to more predictable and certain times. In this chapter, we explore the theory of uncertainty orientation as related to cognition and cognitive processes, including research that was conducted in Canada, Japan, and China. First, we discuss the characteristic uncertainty selfregulation …
Subcultural Influences On Self-Attitudes: The Expression Of Low Self-Esteem In Race/Ethnicity-, Age-, Gender-, Social Class-, And Generation-Differentiated Subgroups, Howard B. Kaplan, Rachel E. Kaplan, Diane S. Kaplan
Subcultural Influences On Self-Attitudes: The Expression Of Low Self-Esteem In Race/Ethnicity-, Age-, Gender-, Social Class-, And Generation-Differentiated Subgroups, Howard B. Kaplan, Rachel E. Kaplan, Diane S. Kaplan
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Self-esteem is conceptualized in terms of self-feelings that are evoked by self-evaluation of self-concept and that motivate self-enhancing or self-protective responses. Since (sub)cultural conventions and the self-esteem motive frequently invalidate self-report measures, it is argued that self-esteem should be measured as the confluence of self-evaluative statements and measures of subjective distress. In support of this, findings are presented from a longitudinal multigeneration study that demonstrate variation in the association between self-evaluative statements and reports of emotional distress between groups differentiated according to race/ethnicity, age, gender, social class, and generation. The results clearly indicate that prevalent self-report measures, whether considering total …
Intergenerational Transmission Of Values In Different Cultural Contexts: A Study In Germany And Indonesia, Isabelle Albert, Gisela Trommsdorff, Lieke Wisnubrata
Intergenerational Transmission Of Values In Different Cultural Contexts: A Study In Germany And Indonesia, Isabelle Albert, Gisela Trommsdorff, Lieke Wisnubrata
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
The aim of this study1 is to investigate cultural similarities and differences in the transmission of general and domain-specific value orientations (individualism/collectivism, and value of children) within German and Indonesian families. Supposing that both cultures differ with respect to developmental pathways of independence and interdependence, we asked if the extent of intergenerational transmission of values within families differs between Germany and Indonesia, and we studied possible cultural differences in intergenerational transmission with respect to different value contents. More precisely, we asked if there is a difference in transmission of values that are highly versus not highly endorsed by the members …
Meaning Constitution Analysis: A Phenomenological Approach To Research In Human Sciences, Roger B. Sages, Jonas Lundsten
Meaning Constitution Analysis: A Phenomenological Approach To Research In Human Sciences, Roger B. Sages, Jonas Lundsten
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Each and every thought, word, feeling or action of a person harbor a richness of meaning, opening on all the possible worlds accessible for him/her. A vision on those possible worlds, those open possibilities of action, should be of great interest for human science research. We believe that the phenomenological thinking of Edmund Husserl, reworked to adapt to the modern conception of the human sciences, can allow such an understanding of a person or a more or less large group, giving not a static picture of his mind, but a dynamic view of the ongoing process of constitution of meaning. …
Reducing Bias In Cross-Cultural Factor Analysis Through A Statistical Technique For Metric Adjustment: Factor Solutions For Quintets And Quartets Of Countries, Kostas Mylonas
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Differential item functioning or item bias is a usual threat in psychological research and many experts in the field such as Kline (1993), Nunnally and Bernstein (1994), and others have suggested various methods for its detection and removal. Item bias in terms of culture has been addressed by Poortinga, Van de Vijver, Leung, Muthén, and others, with most of the proposed methods attempting to minimize variance explained by culture itself by detecting and deleting culturally-biased items from the analysis. This is done through the detection of inequivalent –in terms of factor structure– items and their elimination before comparing for factor …
An Examination Of Acquiescent Response Styles In Cross-Cultural Research, Ronald Fischer, Johnny R. J. Fontaine, Fons J. R. Van De Vijver, Dianne A. Van Hemert
An Examination Of Acquiescent Response Styles In Cross-Cultural Research, Ronald Fischer, Johnny R. J. Fontaine, Fons J. R. Van De Vijver, Dianne A. Van Hemert
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Response styles constitute a formidable challenge for cross-cultural research. In this article, three different response styles are discussed (acquiescence, extremity scoring, and social desirability). Acquiescence responding (ARS) is then integrated into a larger classical test theoretical framework, which allows for an examination of the various roles that ARS may play in cross-cultural research. A new meta-analytical method is proposed to examine the prevalence and nature of ARS. Preliminary evidence suggests that ARS has only a small, but systematic effect on survey responses. The meaning of ARS is explored through correlations with nation-level indicators. Implications for future research are discussed.
Geocentric Gestural Deixis Among Yucatec Maya (Quintana Roo, México), Olivier Le Guen
Geocentric Gestural Deixis Among Yucatec Maya (Quintana Roo, México), Olivier Le Guen
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Fieldwork conducted among the Yucatec Maya of Mexico reveals that this group preferentially uses a geocentric frame of reference in both linguistic and non-linguistic tasks. Contrary to other cultural groups (such as the Guugu Yimithir of Australia or Tzeltal of México), this frame does not seem to rely on the use of specific spatial terms (such as cardinal directions for instance). Because linguistic evidence is not sufficient to determine which frame of reference is used, attention to gestural deixis is particularly relevant. Using a comparative French example, we present a method of analysis for gestural deixis and show that Yucatec …
Youtube, The Internet And Iaccp: Opportunities And Challenges For Cross-Cultural Psychology, William K. Gabrenya Jr., Nathalie Van Meurs, Ronald Fischer
Youtube, The Internet And Iaccp: Opportunities And Challenges For Cross-Cultural Psychology, William K. Gabrenya Jr., Nathalie Van Meurs, Ronald Fischer
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
We culturalists are an unusual lot! Dispersed geographically and divided socially by potential and real political conflict, economic competition, religious disagreement and vast disparities in wealth and resources, we struggle with the dilemma of studying diversities that can only be understood adequately through effective communication and collaboration. The International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology was conceptualized by psychologists who recognized and participated in this dialectical context. The Founders set out to create an organization that would provide communication venues in order to facilitate the development of a community of psychologists who would collaborate on cultural research. Communication, indeed, was the starting …
From Homer To The 21st Century: Charting The Emergence Of The Structure Of Interpersonal Meaning, John Adamopoulos
From Homer To The 21st Century: Charting The Emergence Of The Structure Of Interpersonal Meaning, John Adamopoulos
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
During the last quarter of the 20th century, cross-cultural research established that the meaning of interpersonal behavior can be described in terms of a universal structure that includes, among others, the notions of association (affiliation), superordination (dominance), and intimacy. While researchers generally agree on most of these universal dimensions, little is known about their origins –the whys and the wherefores of these structures. An approach designed to explain the emergence of the meaning of interpersonal behavior is the focus of this chapter. This approach is based on the assumption that social behavior involves the exchange of material and psychological resources, …
Cultures Of Infancy. The Foundation Of Developmental Pathways, Heidi Keller
Cultures Of Infancy. The Foundation Of Developmental Pathways, Heidi Keller
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Development can be understood as a series of universal developmental tasks that pattern the human life span. These developmental tasks evolved during the history of humankind, mainly to solve recurring adaptive problems. They are functionally related to each other in the sense that the solution of earlier tasks influences the solution of later developmental tasks. Thus developmental and biographical continuity emerge. The resulting developmental pathways, however, are not conceived of as being absolutely determined by the earlier influences. Developmental pathways are informed by earlier as well as concurrent influences. Plasticity, yet not unlimited, characterizes developmental pathways as well as continuity.
Comparative Study On Concept Construction For Violence, Intelligence And Religion In Early Adolescence In The Parisian Suburbs, Annamária Lammel, Eduardo Márquez
Comparative Study On Concept Construction For Violence, Intelligence And Religion In Early Adolescence In The Parisian Suburbs, Annamária Lammel, Eduardo Márquez
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Based on association tasks, we focused our research on the process of concept construction and on the nature of the semantic structure network of three important concepts in the lives of young adolescents in the Parisian suburbs: violence, religion and intelligence. In this exploratory study, we were interested in identifying similarities and differences in the organization of these social concepts between adolescents with French parents and adolescents with immigrant parents. Despite the fact that these children share common “eco-cultural” experiences, we supposed that the different cultural guidelines in the family settings might influence the construction and the semantic organization of …
Innovative Disaster Counseling Approaches With Children And Youth, Thomas Demaria, Minna Barrett
Innovative Disaster Counseling Approaches With Children And Youth, Thomas Demaria, Minna Barrett
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Children and youth from all cultures are at high risk following a disaster because of their dependency on caregivers and their stage of cognitive and emotional development. Without an available caregiver to help interpret the traumatic event, most children internalize their experiences making them more vulnerable to future stressors. Traumatic events also can lead to psychological and environment dislocation of children from ethnocultural support structures and systems of meaning. Engagement of families is often a significant barrier that prevents the utilization of existing services. An innovative counseling approach is presented that was utilized following the World Trade Center terrorist attacks. …
Culture, Self-Construal And Social Cognition: Evidence From Cross-Cultural And Priming Studies, Ulrich Kühnen
Culture, Self-Construal And Social Cognition: Evidence From Cross-Cultural And Priming Studies, Ulrich Kühnen
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Members of different cultures vary in basic social psychological processes, such as value orientation, attitudes, attitude-behavior relations, person perception and attribution of observed behavior. Previous researchers have traced back these differences to the respective culture members’ self-construal: Westerners define their self primarily in independent terms, whereas Asians are more likely to define their selves in interdependent ways. This difference in construing the self in turn affects the above mentioned judgmental processes. However, when relying on cross-cultural studies alone, the critical role of the self cannot directly be tested. In this chapter I argue that the accessibility of either independent or …
South Asians In Scandinavia: Diasporic Identity Processes, Rashmi Singla
South Asians In Scandinavia: Diasporic Identity Processes, Rashmi Singla
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
This chapter1 probes selected social-psychological aspects for South Asian young adults in Denmark and is a follow up of a Danish project conducted in the mid-nineties. The diasporic conceptualizations in respect to human centeredness and cultural processes in migration combined with life course perspective, provide the theoretical framework for this study. In-depth interviews were employed, and information was analyzed through meaning condensation and subsequent categorization of the narratives. The results show the reinterpretation of the self, “others” and home in the diasporic families, for the parental as well as the young generation. The chapter also depicts the young adults’ diasporic …
Reflections On Two Of Our Early Ancestors, Gustav Jahoda
Reflections On Two Of Our Early Ancestors, Gustav Jahoda
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
No abstract provided.
Education In Cross-Cultural Settings: Psychological Underpinnings Of Achievement In Papua New Guinea, Genevieve F. Nelson, Jasmine Green, Dennis M. Mcinerney, Martin Dowson, Andrew C. Schauble
Education In Cross-Cultural Settings: Psychological Underpinnings Of Achievement In Papua New Guinea, Genevieve F. Nelson, Jasmine Green, Dennis M. Mcinerney, Martin Dowson, Andrew C. Schauble
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Education and achievement in Papua New Guinea has received minimal attention in the psychological and educational literature. Although student motivation and achievement have been investigated in a large variety of cultures throughout the world, this has not been substantially extended to the developing world. The current study investigated a selection of psychological processes that contribute to student achievement in the context of a majority, indigenous and developing culture. Motivational goal orientations, learning and self-regulatory processes of 359 students from Papua New Guinea (PNG) were investigated. Structural equation modeling investigated the relations between the psychological variables. Results are discussed in the …
Dimensions Of Well-Being: A Cross-Cultural Study In European Neighborhoods, Penny Panagiotopoulou, Aikaterini Gari, Sophia Christakopoulou
Dimensions Of Well-Being: A Cross-Cultural Study In European Neighborhoods, Penny Panagiotopoulou, Aikaterini Gari, Sophia Christakopoulou
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
People build their sense of well-being by responding to their objectively defined environment. The community environment and more specifically the neighborhood affects the subjective and psychological well being of the individuals. Neighboring refers to the residents’ social interaction and mutual material and non material support. This chapter attempts to examine how the social, political, and economic aspect of community life is related to community well-being focusing on community satisfaction, informal social interaction, feeling safe, the residents’ involvement in the community decision making process, the economic life, and the job opportunities and training of 705 participants in six European cultural settings: …