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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Correctional facilities (2)
- Delinquency (2)
- Sentencing (2)
- Act (1)
- Anomia; anomie; leadership; police chiefs; supervisory styles (1)
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- CALEA; female; minority (1)
- Capital punishment (1)
- Child Exposure (1)
- Cohabiting (1)
- Correctional programming (1)
- Court (1)
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- Criminal justice (1)
- Criminal justice system (1)
- Darfur (1)
- Death penalty (1)
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- Drug crime nexus (1)
- Drunken driving (1)
- Ethics (1)
- Evaluation (1)
- Family structure (1)
- Focal concerns (1)
- GIS (1)
- Genocide (1)
- Global civil society (1)
- Globalization (1)
- Human trafficking (1)
- IPV (1)
- Publication Year
Articles 1 - 23 of 23
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Tracking Traffickers: Investigating The Relationship Between Human Trafficking And Ports Of Entry, Connor Wardop
Tracking Traffickers: Investigating The Relationship Between Human Trafficking And Ports Of Entry, Connor Wardop
Honors Projects
Human Trafficking is defined as obtaining a person and subjecting them to some sort of servitude against their will. The purpose of this study is to determine if reports of human trafficking occur at higher rates in areas with International Ports of Entry, such as international airports, border control points, or ports for boats. In order to do this, the study utilizes data from the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program run by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) collected from 2013-2020. This data was then added to a program named Business Analyst 2019, a type of Geographic Information System (GIS) …
Mental Health Focus As A Deterrent For Justice Involved Youth, Miyah Seckinger
Mental Health Focus As A Deterrent For Justice Involved Youth, Miyah Seckinger
Honors Projects
Tough-on-crime policies regarding youthful offending have resulted in a pendulum swing in which the juvenile justice system has shifted from a rehabilitative focus to one of punishment. The current paper evaluates different mental health program alternatives, as an option to return to a rehabilitative focus for juveniles, with a major focus on the Juvenile Treatment and Support Court in Kent County, Michigan. Through a qualitative analysis, there were findings of initial success with the youthful offenders presented in the court. Recommendations and limitations from the study are presented to aid further policy change and research.
American Surrogacy: Babies For Sale?, Madison Edwards
American Surrogacy: Babies For Sale?, Madison Edwards
Honors Projects
More surrogacy contracts are fulfilled in the United States than in any other country (Bromfield, 2016, p. 193). In 2014, there were approximately 2,000 surrogacy arrangements in the U.S., yet the market is totally unregulated (Shellnutt and Grizzle, 2018, p. 31). Given that 1 in 6 American couples face infertility, there will continue to be a demand for alternative and assisted reproductive options (Shellnutt and Grizzle, 2018, p. 34). This paper seeks to explore several areas of surrogacy, including contract enforcement, potential problems parties in surrogacy agreements face, current legislation, the role of religion in surrogacy, and specific case studies. …
To What Extent Is The Death Penalty A Tool Of Racial Terror In America, And How Can We Fix It?, Gabrielle Boileau
To What Extent Is The Death Penalty A Tool Of Racial Terror In America, And How Can We Fix It?, Gabrielle Boileau
Honors Projects
In this project, I seek to answer the question: To what extent is the death penalty a tool of racial terror in America, and how can we fix it? America has long been plagued by the legacy of slavery and white supremacy. In the reconstruction era, when slavery was no longer legal, angry white citizens would simply round up African-Americans and lynch them if they felt they had done something “wrong”. However, in the modern era, such blatant displays of racism are illegal, and the racist views of society are subverted into the court system. Black men are disproportionately arrested …
Child Exposure To Intimate Partner Violence In The Latin American Region, Gabriel Alvarado
Child Exposure To Intimate Partner Violence In The Latin American Region, Gabriel Alvarado
McNair Scholars Manuscripts
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a major public health issue that harms thousands of families and communities across the globe. Unlike other forms of violence or criminal behavior, IPV is often concealed within the privacy of one's household, where the public cannot witness the occurrence of spousal abuse. Typically, more women are victims in an intimate relationship than men are based on recent research. However, there is a lack of research that investigates the vulnerability of a child who is exposed to IPV. This systematic literature review relates to the analysis and investigation of children exposed to IPV in Latin …
Michigan Sex Offender Registry: Implications And Effects, Heather Damuth
Michigan Sex Offender Registry: Implications And Effects, Heather Damuth
Honors Projects
This paper discusses the Michigan Sex Offender Registry Act (SORA) and the ways that it affects offenders, the public, and society. It also discusses the conveniences and the challenges in relation to the SORA including discussions about public safety, and offender rights. The impacts on offenders, victims, and the general public are also discussed. The research was done through the Grand Valley State University Library, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and Michigan Legislation. Sources were examined and combined to form an integrative research paper about the sex offender registry in Michigan.
The Applicability Of Occupational Therapy To Correctional Programming, Jordan Lanning
The Applicability Of Occupational Therapy To Correctional Programming, Jordan Lanning
Honors Projects
Correctional facilities are a controversial topic in the United States. Whether it is prison reform policy or overcrowding issues that are being debated in a political setting or at the dinner table, it is a hot topic of conversation. The discussion goes around and around to no avail, and seemingly no one is satisfied. A detailed look at current issues facing corrections, what has been done, and then, potentially what could be done may provide some clarity for a situation that is seemingly spinning out of control. Furthermore, occupational therapy and its application to correctional programming is explored as a …
Why It’S Not Ok For Doctors To Participate In Executions, Robert F. Johnson
Why It’S Not Ok For Doctors To Participate In Executions, Robert F. Johnson
Peer Reviewed Articles
A plea for direct physician participation in executions was presented by Sandeep Jauhar in a New York Times Op-Ed (“Why It’s OK for Doctors to Participate in Executions”—April 21, 2017). Jauhar’s article is not a discussion of the ethics of capital punishment. He describes his own opposition “as a matter of principle, as a doctor.” However, since capital punishment is legal in 31 states, with required physician participation in several, he acquiesces to a utilitarian stance rather than the principled approach he acknowledges is expected of a physician in this circumstance.
Implementing Restorative Justice Under The Retributive Paradigm: A Pilot Program Case Study, Patrick Gerkin, John Walsh, Joseph Kuilema, Ian Borton
Implementing Restorative Justice Under The Retributive Paradigm: A Pilot Program Case Study, Patrick Gerkin, John Walsh, Joseph Kuilema, Ian Borton
Funded Articles
This article explores the implementation of a pilot program in restorative justice in a medium-sized Midwestern city. Through an examination of meeting minutes, interviews, and the personal reflections of the authors, this article examines the implementation of a victim–offender mediation program, referred to throughout the article as the Fast Track Accountability Program (FTAP). Presented as a case study, the authors describe the key stakeholders, the process, the obstacles, as well as lessons learned along the way. Particular attention is given to the essential role of strong leadership and to the challenges faced when implementing such a program within the bureaucracy …
Global Civil Society: Challenges Of Security And Policing, Brian F. Kingshott, Jan B. Kingshott
Global Civil Society: Challenges Of Security And Policing, Brian F. Kingshott, Jan B. Kingshott
Peer Reviewed Publications
Globalization broadly refers to the expansion of global linkages, the organization of social life, global consciousness; and an expectation of global societal norms and behaviors underpinned by just laws. The democratization of established and emerging nation states identified challenges of security for its citizens. Emerging nation states require a stable government supported by a comprehensive security apparatus that supports its citizenry. That support is provided by a policing paradigm that embraces the state and private security agencies. The authors discuss the challenges facing the security industry and a law enforcement community policing paradigm that is inclusive, transparent, and accountable.
The Regulation And Control Of Bail Recovery Agents: An Exploratory Study, Brian R. Johnson, Ruth S. Stevens
The Regulation And Control Of Bail Recovery Agents: An Exploratory Study, Brian R. Johnson, Ruth S. Stevens
Peer Reviewed Publications
This article explores the current status of the licensing and regulation of bail recovery agents in the United States. By reviewing state legislative and administrative codes in all the 50 states, this study found that 24 states control bail recovery agents through licensure or the imposition of other occupational regulations. These state controls include age, criminal history, and pretraining and educational requirements; some states also require continuing education and training for licensure and/or regulation. In contrast, 18 states have no licensing or other occupational requirements for bail recovery agents. These findings raise questions about the actual utility and function of …
An Examination Of The Interactions Of Race And Gender On Sentencing Decisions Using A Trichotomous Dependent Variable, Tina L. Freiburger, Carly M. Hilinski-Rosick
An Examination Of The Interactions Of Race And Gender On Sentencing Decisions Using A Trichotomous Dependent Variable, Tina L. Freiburger, Carly M. Hilinski-Rosick
Peer Reviewed Publications
This study examined how race, gender, and age interact to affect defendants’ sentences using a trichotomized dependent variable. The findings indicate that the racial and gender disparity found in sentencing decisions was largely due to Black men’s increased likelihood of receiving jail as opposed to probation. The results also show that being young resulted in increased odds of receiving probation over jail for White men and for women but resulted in decreased odds for Black men. Separate analysis of incarceration terms to jail and prison further reveal that legal factors had a greater impact on prison than on jail sentence …
From Drunken Drivers To Prostitutes And Shoplifters: The Onset Of The Great Depression And Shifting Police Priorities In Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1928-1934, Sarah J. Sweers
Honors Projects
No abstract provided.
The International Criminal Justice System’S Response To Genocide: A Case Study Of The Darfur Conflict And President Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir, Ingrid Scheer
Honors Projects
No abstract provided.
Cohabiting, Family And Community Stressors, Selection, And Juvenile Delinquency, Christopher A. Kierkus, Brian R. Johnson, John D. Hewitt
Cohabiting, Family And Community Stressors, Selection, And Juvenile Delinquency, Christopher A. Kierkus, Brian R. Johnson, John D. Hewitt
Peer Reviewed Publications
Prior research has established that children from traditional, two-parent nuclear families experience a lower risk of delinquency than children raised in alternative family structures. However, many studies have ignored the effect of parental cohabiting on delinquent development. A growing body of research suggests that cohabiting (even among biological parents) may be harmful to children. This study tests the hypothesis that cohabiting is associated with four different types of delinquent behavior. It examines two theoretical models, a family stress model and a community stress/selection model, as possible explanations of ‘‘the cohabiting effect.’’ The analysis reveals that cohabiting is generally associated with …
Methamphetamine Use And Criminal Behavior, Michael C. Gizzi, Patrick Gerkin
Methamphetamine Use And Criminal Behavior, Michael C. Gizzi, Patrick Gerkin
Peer Reviewed Publications
This research seeks to broaden our understanding of methamphetamine’s (meth’s) place within the study of drugs and crime. Through extensive court records research and interviews with 200 offenders in local jails in western Colorado, this research contributes to the creation of a meth user profile and begins to identify the place of meth in the drug–crime nexus. The study compares the criminal behavior of meth users with other drug users, finding that meth users are more likely than other drug users to be drunk or high at the time of arrest and claim their crimes were related to drug use …
The Impact Of Race, Gender, And Age On The Pretrial Decision, Tina L. Freiburger, Carly M. Hilinski
The Impact Of Race, Gender, And Age On The Pretrial Decision, Tina L. Freiburger, Carly M. Hilinski
Peer Reviewed Publications
There is an abundance of studies that examine judicial discretion in the final sentencing stages; however, few have examined discretion in the early stages of court decisions. Pretrial release is especially concerning as it has been strongly correlated with a final sentence of incarceration and deprives defendants of their freedom. This study examined whether race, gender, and age influence judges’ decisions to detain or release a defendant prior to trial. The results indicate that females and younger defendants were less likely to be detained. Race was not significant after economic variables were included. When examining males and females separately, race …
Entrepreneurship / Small Business Programming Within Correctional Facilities, Nancy M. Levenburg, Nikki J. Powers
Entrepreneurship / Small Business Programming Within Correctional Facilities, Nancy M. Levenburg, Nikki J. Powers
Student Summer Scholars Manuscripts
The full-text download for this paper is an extensive abstract of the project.
Participation In Victim–Offender Mediation: Lessons Learned From Observations, Patrick M. Gerkin
Participation In Victim–Offender Mediation: Lessons Learned From Observations, Patrick M. Gerkin
Peer Reviewed Publications
Victim–offender mediation has grown to establish itself among criminal justice practices as an alternative to traditionally retributive notions of justice. As the number of programs claiming to be restorative in nature continues to grow, victim–offender mediation programs are emerging as one of the state’s preferred delivery methods for restorative justice. Restorative practices, including victim–offender mediation, are inclusive practices. Participation is not only encouraged, it is a necessary element for victim–offender mediation to achieve restorative outcomes. Through the use of observations and content analysis of agreements produced in victim–offender mediation, this research uncovers several impediments to individual participation, including problems in …
Police Chiefs, Anomia, And Leadership, Kraig L. Hays, Robert M. Regoli, John D. Hewitt
Police Chiefs, Anomia, And Leadership, Kraig L. Hays, Robert M. Regoli, John D. Hewitt
Peer Reviewed Publications
This research assesses a potentially harmful condition among police chiefs: anomia. The article analyzes a large (N = 1,120) stratified sample survey of American police chiefs. Nine hypotheses are tested using multiple regressions. Results show relatively little anomia (as defined by Srole’s 5-point Likert-type scale) among the respondents. Data analysis reveals little relationship between anomia and the following four variables: age, being a chief in a previous jurisdiction, race/ethnicity, and internal hire. However, the analysis also reveals significant negative relationships between anomia and education, merit selection, and years in law enforcement and between anomia and size of department and tenure …
Women’S Representation And Status In Law Enforcement: Does Calea Involvement Make A Difference?, David Burlingame, Agnes L. Baro
Women’S Representation And Status In Law Enforcement: Does Calea Involvement Make A Difference?, David Burlingame, Agnes L. Baro
Peer Reviewed Publications
This study’s objective was to determine if involvement in the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA) accreditation process will have a significant, positive effect on the representation of sworn women in large police agencies at all organizational levels and on the representation of women of color as a percentage of the total workforce. This study compared 193 large (100 or more sworn personnel) non-CALEA agencies with 201 large CALEA agencies. Results of this research suggest that there are significant differences between CALEA and non-CALEA agencies and that involvement in the CALEA accreditation process appears to encourage and facilitate …
Weapons Of Mass Victimization, Radioactive Waste Shipments, And Environmental Laws, James D. Ballard, Kristine Mullendore
Weapons Of Mass Victimization, Radioactive Waste Shipments, And Environmental Laws, James D. Ballard, Kristine Mullendore
Peer Reviewed Publications
Transnational and domestic terrorists may employ unconventional weapons of mass destruction and/or mass contamination in their future operations against governments. These asymmetrical tactics may include nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons designed to produce panic and disruption in daily life. This article addresses several of the myriad legal and practical issues relative to potential radiological weapons. Several suggestions as to local-level policy are offered and discussed. Among these suggestions are the need for local law enforcement and policy decision makers to formally recognize the potential use of radiological weapons of mass contamination and the need to develop both protection strategies for …
Effects Of A Cognitive Restructuring Program On Inmate Institutional Behavior, Agnes L. Baro
Effects Of A Cognitive Restructuring Program On Inmate Institutional Behavior, Agnes L. Baro
Peer Reviewed Publications
Although research suggests that cognitive restructuring programs reduce recidivism, little is known about the effects of such programs on institutional behavior. This study compared randomly selected inmates who participated in other self-help programs and randomly selected inmates who participated in the first phase of a cognitive restructuring program with inmates who had been in the second phase for at least 6 months. The total sample size was 123. Findings suggest that participation in the first phase appears to reduce refusals to obey a direct order, whereas participation in the second phase appears to reduce assaults.