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Articles 1 - 30 of 47
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Macroeconomy And Health In The United States, Elizabeth Herring
The Macroeconomy And Health In The United States, Elizabeth Herring
All Theses
The economy affects everyone as it expands and contracts. This paper will look at the effects that economic downturns have on the health of Americans. It will analyze the number of deaths per year caused by certain causes of death and determine the extent to which a downturn affects these numbers. This paper also looks at the cause and effect relationship between antidepressants and suicide. The empirical results indicate that the state of the economy affects the health of the nation.
Improved Automotive Safety Through Instructional Modules And Automotive Driving Simulator Based Skills Training With Assessment, Dionne Norfleet
Improved Automotive Safety Through Instructional Modules And Automotive Driving Simulator Based Skills Training With Assessment, Dionne Norfleet
All Theses
Motor vehicle crashes involving novice drivers are significantly higher than matured drivers' incidents as reported by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Fatality Analysis Reporting System (NHTSA-FARS). There is ongoing research on how to decrease the number of crashes for this driver demographic group in the Unites States and Europe. Novice drivers usually complete driver education classes as a pre-requisite for full licensure to improve overall knowledge and safety. However, compiled statistics still indicate a need for more in-depth training after full licensure.
This thesis introduces classroom and virtual training modules to improve the driving skills, attitudes, knowledge, and behavior …
The 'I' In Team: Effects Of Performance Appraisal Type On Teamwork Variables, Brandy Brown
The 'I' In Team: Effects Of Performance Appraisal Type On Teamwork Variables, Brandy Brown
All Theses
The following research examined the effects of performance appraisal condition on teamwork variables. As more reliable models of teamwork emerge, there remains a noticeable lack of information regarding team motivation and feedback in an organizational context. This paper first reviews the current findings on team motivation, feedback, and performance appraisals and then applies that topic to teamwork processes. The researcher proposed that individual, team, and dual (individual and team feedback) performance appraisals would have different effects on teamwork processes and performance. Positive effects on team orientation, mutual trust, and team performance in the team and dual performance appraisal conditions were …
A Comparison Of Recreation Therapy Intervention Using Nintendo Wiitm Bowling With Participation In A Tai Chi Program On Balance, Enjoyment, And Leisure Competence Of Older Adults In A Community Based Setting, Hollie Summey
All Theses
Many older adults experience a decrease in physical activity, which often leads to decreases in functioning. Older adults have been shown to have the lowest levels of physical activity for all age groups. This lack of physical activity has been shown to lead to decreases in performance of activities of daily living (ADLs), independence, quality of life, and increases in number of falls, chance of institutionalization, morbidity, and mortality. Physical activity programs in community settings help to restore or maintain physical function and lessen the level of dependence so that individuals will be able to reach the highest level of …
The Effects Of Ethnic Identity On The Assimilation Behaviors Of Second Generation Immigrants, Emily Baumann
The Effects Of Ethnic Identity On The Assimilation Behaviors Of Second Generation Immigrants, Emily Baumann
All Theses
This thesis examines the effects of ethnic identity on assimilation behaviors in second generation immigrants. It looks at two types of ethnic identity--one that is an internal, self-identification and one that is an external, objective designation. More specifically, this study reviews the effects of ethnic identity on how well a respondent writes a foreign language, how well a respondent writes English, language the respondent prefers to speak, total monthly earnings, and highest level of education achieved. This study hypothesizes that various ethnic self-identifications and various nationalities will be predictors of various assimilation pathways set forth in the segmented assimilation theory. …
The Traits Of Colleges And Universities That Influence Crime, Rita Palermo
The Traits Of Colleges And Universities That Influence Crime, Rita Palermo
All Theses
Crime on college and university campuses has been a growing problem in recent years. Schools desire to decrease crime, but often do not understand the best and most efficient way to do so. In this paper, we will attempt to understand which attributes are most influential by looking at features and crime rates for 492 different schools for which the FBI had released relevant crime data in 2006.
The data showed that many of the variables such as campus size, number of student organizations, school setting, school size, and many other topics, had a noticeable relationship with the total crime. …
Sound Matters: Aural Rhetoric In Pharmaceutical Advertising (Toward A Theory And Method Of Auralacy), Michael Hovan
Sound Matters: Aural Rhetoric In Pharmaceutical Advertising (Toward A Theory And Method Of Auralacy), Michael Hovan
All Theses
As scholarly theories and explorations of visuality continue to grow in prominence within the discourse on multimodal communication, a gap remains in the literature regarding the affective qualities of sound in multimedia messages. The following study attempts to address this gap and likewise propose a theory of auralacy (aural literacy) by examining the audiovisual interactions present in three different pharmaceutical commercials.
This study begins by examining literature regarding Gestalt perceptual theory, with emphasis on its origins, historical developments, and current status in perceptual research. The literature shows that perceptual wholes may be formed visually, tactilely, aurally, or even intermodally. After …
An Examination Of The Night Hiking Experience In Parks And Protected Areas, John Beeco
An Examination Of The Night Hiking Experience In Parks And Protected Areas, John Beeco
All Theses
Many protected areas offer night programs for visitors; however, night hours have not been fully recognized as a potential resource in these areas. Night hours in protected areas could provide visitors with experiences unique to these times of the day. Also, typically low levels of visitation during night hours could provide visitors with additional or better suited opportunities to fulfill motivations and benefits sought during daytime activities. Furthermore, night hours could be used by managers to increase or temporally disperse use. The National Park Service's Natural Sounds and Natural Lightscapes programs provide a direction for the protection of this resource; …
Position Value And Wage Determinants In The Nhl, Sean Watterson
Position Value And Wage Determinants In The Nhl, Sean Watterson
All Theses
The landscape of the NHL has changed significantly following the lockout season that began in 2004. This paper studies the effects of the rule changes that followed the lockout, the rule changes effect on the documented discrimination against French Canadian players, and models the determinants of wage in the NHL for the three positions in the NHL: forward, defenseman, and goaltender.
The rule changes and stricter enforcement of existing rules resulted in an increase in average scoring by all teams. The rule changes caused the value of scoring to decrease, and they increased the value of skilled defensemen, particularly those …
Digital Social Imagery In Silhouette, Ashley Triplett
Digital Social Imagery In Silhouette, Ashley Triplett
All Theses
Society places an extreme emphasis on outward appearance and beauty that is often unattainable. The short film, Silhouette, reminds audiences of the dangers that can result from society's infatuation with physical perfection, and the film's production is the focus of this thesis. The goal of the film is to effectively communicate the impact of society on an individual's self-worth and self-image and to illustrate the consequences that result when trying to attain physical perfection. An integral part of this project is an examination of how women have been portrayed in art historically as compared to present day. To visualize …
Job Offer Expectancies: An Analysis Of Antecedents, Outcomes And Moderated Effects, Matthew Millard
Job Offer Expectancies: An Analysis Of Antecedents, Outcomes And Moderated Effects, Matthew Millard
All Dissertations
Restricted by limited time and resources, job applicants are often required to make decisions based on their own estimations of an organization's likelihood to extend a job offer. These estimations, or offer expectancies, may be linked to several applicant attitudes and behaviors that have yet to be examined fully in the literature (e.g., job pursuit or information seeking behaviors, search expansion, etc.). We know relatively little about how these perceptions are formed. In this study, actual job applicants were asked to report their perceptions of and behavioral intentions towards organizations that they are currently applying to but have not yet …
Comparison Of Eye Movement Data To Direct Measures Of Situation Awareness For Development Of A Novel Measurement Technique In Dynamic, Uncontrolled Test Environments, Kristin Moore
All Dissertations
Situation awareness (SA) is a measure of an individual's knowledge and understanding of the current and expected future states of a situation. While there are numerous options for SA measurement, none are currently suitable in dynamic, uncontrolled environments. Direct measures of SA are the most common, but require a large amount of researcher control as well as the ability to stop operators during a task in order to ask questions about their levels of SA. The current research explored the relationship between direct measures of SA and eye tracking measures as a first step in the development of an unobtrusive …
Measuring Freedom: An Analysis Of The Economic Freedom Index, Derek Mcafee
Measuring Freedom: An Analysis Of The Economic Freedom Index, Derek Mcafee
All Theses
The creation and empirical use of economic freedom indices has produced a growing amount of literature over the last decade. A survey of this literature is provided, and the difficulty of measuring this concept, as well as the usefulness and limits of the various indices are discussed. The indices are reduced to their components, and testable models are used in order to determine which components are most important. Secure property rights are found to be the most important component driving the results. The results are consistent with previous studies, which indicate that greater economic freedom is related to greater growth …
Study Abroad Program Evaluation: What Can Be Learned From Student Satisfaction Surveys?, Jenny Brown
Study Abroad Program Evaluation: What Can Be Learned From Student Satisfaction Surveys?, Jenny Brown
All Theses
ABSTRACT
The rapid growth in the number of students going abroad has prompted a recent endeavor among international educators to begin the cumbersome undertaking of evaluating the quality of study abroad programs being offered at U.S. colleges and universities. In response to this increased participation in study abroad programs, the Office of International Affairs at Clemson University initiated an internal program evaluation in the spring of 2007. In collaboration with the Office of Institutional Effectiveness and Assessment, an evaluation team assessed the components of these programs from the viewpoint of the participants. This study explored the following question: When it …
The Bite Detector: A Device For The Behavioral Treatment Of Overweight And Obesity, Jenna Scisco
The Bite Detector: A Device For The Behavioral Treatment Of Overweight And Obesity, Jenna Scisco
All Theses
Overweight and obesity are primary health concerns worldwide and particularly in the United States. Currently, the most effective treatments are behavioral interventions, and a reduction of eating rate is one behavioral method that may help individuals eat less and lose weight. Additionally, adaptive eating behaviors, such as intuitive eating, have been identified as healthy body weight predictors. The purpose of Study 1 was to examine the accuracy of the bite detector, a wrist-worn device designed to detect bites of food. Participants (N = 21) ate a meal in the laboratory, and the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of the …
Reading Between The Lines: Reactions To Gendered Managerial Communications, Melissa Waitsman
Reading Between The Lines: Reactions To Gendered Managerial Communications, Melissa Waitsman
All Theses
Some of the earliest research on women in the workplace demonstrated that women are not perceived as competent leaders and managers. Several decades have passed since that time, but, on average, American women still earn less than their male counterparts, and women still occupy only 12 Chief Executive Officer positions in Fortune 500 companies, up from 2 in 2007 (Fortune, 2008). Recent research suggests that negative stereotypes about women's managerial competence persist, particularly in regards to their assertiveness and forcefulness, two core managerial characteristics.
Current research on gender differences indicates that females are significantly more concerned with social relationships in …
Autonomy As A Moderator Of The Relationship Between Situational Constraints And Task Performance, Kalifa Oliver
Autonomy As A Moderator Of The Relationship Between Situational Constraints And Task Performance, Kalifa Oliver
All Theses
This study examined the effects of budget constraints on task performance, and the moderating effect of autonomous motivation on the constraint-performance relationship in a simulated work situation. Level of budget constraints (none, low, high) and motivation (external versus identified) were manipulated to examine their effects on performance, frustration, and self efficacy. Study participants were randomly assigned to either one of six experimental groups (no constraint X identified motivation, low constraint X identified motivation, high constraint X identified motivation, no constraint X external motivation, low constraint X external motivation, high constraint X external motivation) and instructed to complete an assigned budgeting …
An Examination Of The Leave No Trace Visitor Education Program In Two Us National Park Service Units, Wade Vagias
An Examination Of The Leave No Trace Visitor Education Program In Two Us National Park Service Units, Wade Vagias
All Dissertations
The purpose of this dissertation was to examine overnight National Park Service (NPS) backcountry visitors' behavioral intentions to comply with promoted LNT principles as well as their opinions regarding the efficacy of various LNT education delivery strategies. Leave No Trace is the most pervasive outdoor skills and ethics training program addressing human powered recreationists in existence however, empirical investigations into the efficacy and diffusion of the program have been scant to nonexistent.
The study sample was obtained by intercepting visitors at backcountry permit issuing stations in Glacier National Park (GNP) in northwest Montana and Olympic National Park (ONP) in northwest …
The Impact Of Transition Out Of Intercollegiate Athletics, Leslie Moreland-Bishop
The Impact Of Transition Out Of Intercollegiate Athletics, Leslie Moreland-Bishop
All Dissertations
The college years are formative in adolescents' identity development, for intercollegiate athletes, the identity is 'athlete'. The extent an athlete relates to an athletic identity may play a role in behaviors, attitudes, and ultimately the transition from athlete to non-athlete. In this study, the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, the Exhausted Eligibility Retirement Scale, and a demographic instrument were administered to student-athletes from a mid-sized public, land-grant university who had exhausted their athletic eligibility in the 2007-2008 academic year (N=53). Results indicated that athletes with a stronger athletic identity scored higher on the exhausted eligibility transition scale, suggesting the transition to …
Status Decay: The Reverse Of Status Construction Theory, Kevin Foster
Status Decay: The Reverse Of Status Construction Theory, Kevin Foster
All Theses
This thesis studies the status of African Americans at two points in time (1985 and 2004). Status construction theory would suggest that a group of people who increased their possession of goal objects (like education) would also increase in status. However, this study finds that an increase in education of African Americans has not affected their status from 1985 to 2004. In fact, living in a region with a higher proportion of African Americans with college degrees actually lowers the percentage of African American confidants chosen. The results of this paper do not concur with the predictions of status construction …
Financial Globalization And Crisis: The Role Of Local Financial Markets, Xin Chen
Financial Globalization And Crisis: The Role Of Local Financial Markets, Xin Chen
All Theses
In this paper, I provide a specific channel through which financial development helps economic growth: by reducing the incidence of crises and making them less severe. To support this, I examine the various links among financial markets development, financial crisis, and GDP growth rate. My empirical estimates, using cross-country data from 1980 to 2007, show a statistically significant and economically relevant effect among these variables: countries with better local financial markets can largely decrease the frequency of occurrence of financial crisis, and that efficient banking systems can alleviate the adverse impact of banking crisis on output lost for the long-run, …
The Impact Of Drm Technology In The P2p Age, Ying Xin
The Impact Of Drm Technology In The P2p Age, Ying Xin
All Theses
The innovation of P2P technology in digital world challenges the present copyright institutions and retailers. People are declined to look for the protection from the traditional law in digital circumstance. As the trend of extending copyright protection term across the world, most intellectual property institutions implement new technologies to deal with such situation. This paper uses a panel of country-level data to investigate the extent to which this is a consequence of the extension of copyright protection. Utilizing the economic model, the analysis suggests that the economic effects of implementing DRM technology are generally negative, albeit uncertain. The available evidence …
Antecedents And Outcomes Of Workplace Discrimination As Perceived By Employees With Disabilities, Jessica Bradley
Antecedents And Outcomes Of Workplace Discrimination As Perceived By Employees With Disabilities, Jessica Bradley
All Dissertations
Even since the enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in 1990, employment is still a challenge for the millions of Americans living with disabilities. The unemployment rate for those with disabilities (13.7%) is much higher than that for adults without disabilities (8.9%; Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2009). In addition to the challenge of obtaining a job, individuals with disabilities can face discrimination and poor treatment once on the job. The current study is the first to empirically examine those factors that may influence perceptions of discrimination in the workplace for individuals with disabilities and predicts how organizational …
Congressional Support For Campaign Finance Reform And Climate Legislation, Bryan Buckley
Congressional Support For Campaign Finance Reform And Climate Legislation, Bryan Buckley
All Dissertations
This dissertation explores two types of legislation, campaign finance reform and climate
change legislation, in order to examine the determinants of congressional voting on these acts. Chapter One outlines a theoretical model based on a model by Denzau and Munger (1989) that predicts that Representatives will vote for campaign finance reform if it improves their campaign contribution position relative to that of their opponents, rather than improves their position absolutely. Empirical estimates show that this is in fact the case and that voting on the 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act was based on this rather than on party as others …
Testing An Extension Of The Job Demands-Resources Model :The Addition Of Personal Resources As Mediators To The Resources - Engagement Relationship, Marilyn Deese
All Theses
I review the construct of work engagement and discuss the Job demands-Resources (JD-R) model, a theory to describe the causes of engagement. The study investigates the inclusion of personal resources in the JD-R model. This research tests the hypothesis that personal resources (self-efficacy, optimism, and self-esteem) will mediate the relationship between organizational resources (method control and social support) and engagement. The hypotheses were tested in a longitudinal design with a sample of nurses from the Northwestern United States (N = 428). Method control significantly predicted self-esteem, and coworker support significantly predicted selfefficacy. Further, supervisor support and self-efficacy predicted dedication, and …
Hedonic Analysis Of The Willingness To Pay For Fuel Efficiency In The Australian Automobile Market, Michael Perkins
Hedonic Analysis Of The Willingness To Pay For Fuel Efficiency In The Australian Automobile Market, Michael Perkins
All Theses
The implicit prices of automobile attributes are estimated with a hedonic model of new automobiles sold in the 2005 Australian market. The estimated marginal value of decreased fuel consumption is found to be positively valued by drivers and car manufacturers. A comparison of explicit fuel savings estimated with Australian automobile market statistics to the implicit fuel savings estimated with the hedonic regression indicates that new automobile buyers accurately value the fuel cost savings associated with reductions in fuel consumption.
Child Cognitive Development As Examined Using The Family Stress Model, Aimee Hanvey
Child Cognitive Development As Examined Using The Family Stress Model, Aimee Hanvey
All Theses
This study used the Family Stress Model to investigate the relationship between economic distress and child cognitive development. A number of family and community processes have been theorized to mediate the relationship between income and child cognitive functioning. Warm parenting, parental stress, and punitive parenting practices were examined as possible mediators in a sample of 12,440 kindergarten children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study - Kindergarten (ECLS-K). Cognitive development was evaluated by reading and mathematical standardized tests, and economic distress was measured using the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Insecurity Scale. The results of this study found support …
Essays On Knowledge, Technology, And Economic Growth, Sung-Min Kim
Essays On Knowledge, Technology, And Economic Growth, Sung-Min Kim
All Dissertations
This thesis is motivated by the question, how does computer-related technological change affect the individual's incentive to acquire specialized knowledge? Specifically, will the impact of technological change be homogeneous for all workers regardless of their idiosyncratic characteristics such as educational attainments or occupation? If not, then how do the heterogeneous effects from advances in computer-related technology change the labor market? Based on the related theoretical frameworks from the literature, Chapter 2 focuses on the empirical implementations of heterogeneous impacts of information and communication technology on between-occupation wage differentials and within-group wage differentials, and Chapter 3 examines the impact of computerization …
Estimating The Private Consumption Benefits Derived From The College Football Game Experience, Anthony Dixon
Estimating The Private Consumption Benefits Derived From The College Football Game Experience, Anthony Dixon
All Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to estimate the private consumption benefits derived from the college football game experience and determine whether these benefits would justify the utilization of public subsidies for construction projects of university sports facilities. A systematic sampling strategy was used to collect email addresses from individuals visiting Clemson, South Carolina to participate in the Clemson University home football game experience. The study's response rate was 56.9% with a sample size of n=769. Results reveal South Carolina residents participating in the Clemson home football game experience derive $168.80 per person per game in private consumption benefits (i.e., …
The Expenditure Effects Of Sunset Laws In State Governments, Jonathan Waller
The Expenditure Effects Of Sunset Laws In State Governments, Jonathan Waller
All Dissertations
Abstract: Sunset laws are laws designed to limit the size of state government by providing a process whereby statutorily created programs, agencies and bureaus are reviewed cyclically and their effectiveness assessed. Possible sunset results include continuation of the status quo, a reorganization or consolidation with other state agencies or agency termination. These programs exist in 30 states and use four distinct approaches, reflecting the confusion associated with the purpose and effects of such programs. This paper utilizes state expenditure and employment data to isolate the effects of sunset laws in general and the effects of each of the four different …