Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Is Empathy Gendered And If So, Why? An Approach From Feminist Psychological Anthropology, Claudia Strauss

Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research

Difference feminists have argued that women have special virtues. One such virtue would seem to be empathy, which has three main components: imaginative projection, awareness of the other's emotions, and concern. Empathy is closely related to identification. Psychological research and the author's own study of women's and men's talk about poverty and welfare use in the United States demonstrate women's greater empathic concern. However, some cross-cultural research shows greater sex differences in empathy in the United States than elsewhere. This combination of findings (women tend to demonstrate greater empathic concern, but this typical difference varies cross-culturally) requires a complex biocultural …

Respiratory Symptoms In Relation To Residential Coal Burning And Environmental Tobacco Smoke Among Early Adolescents In Wuhan, China: A Cross-Sectional Study, C. Anderson Johnson, Jiang Xia, Päivi M. Salo, Yan Li, Grace E. Kissling, Edward L. Avol, Chunhong Liu, Stephanie J. London

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Background

Cigarette smoking and coal burning are the primary sources of indoor air pollution in Chinese households. However, effects of these exposures on Chinese children's respiratory health are not well characterized.

Methods

Seventh grade students (N = 5051) from 22 randomly selected schools in the greater metropolitan area of Wuhan, China, completed an in-class self-administered questionnaire on their respiratory health and home environment.

Results

Coal burning for cooking and/or heating increased odds of wheezing with colds [odds ratio (OR) = 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–2.29] and without colds (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.05–1.97). For smoking in the home, …

Diversity And Homogeneity In American Culture: Teaching And Theory, Claudia Strauss

Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research

In teaching, as in any kind of cultural production, you can look at content, or you can look at reception. Here I want to talk about both: the content of what to say about diversity and sharing in U.S. culture, and how that may be received.

Cultural Standing In Expression Of Opinion, Claudia Strauss

Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research

This article explores an underappreciated pragmatic constraint on the expression of opinions: When expressing an opinion on a topic that has been previously discussed, a speaker should correctly indicate the cultural standing of that view in the relevant opinion community. This Bakhtinian approach to discourse analysis is contrasted with conversation analysis, politeness theory (Brown & Levinson, 1987), and analysis of epistemic modality. Finally, indicators of four points on the cultural standing continuum (highly controversial, debatable, common opinion, and taken for granted) are illustrated with examples from American English usage.

Marriage And Consumption Insurance: What’S Love Got To Do With It?, Gregory Hess

CMC Faculty Publications and Research

When markets are incomplete, individuals may choose to marry to diversify their labor income risk. Love, however, can complicate the picture. If love is fleeting or the resolution of agents’ income uncertainty occurs predominantly later in life, then marriages with good economic matches last longer. In contrast, if love is persistent and the resolution of uncertainty to agents’ income occurs early, then marriages with good economic matches are more likely to be caught short with too little love to save a marriage. Consequently, once married, the partners will be more likely to divorce. Evidence is provided to distinguish between these …

The Changing Nature Of Employment-Related Sexual Harassment: Evidence From The U.S. Federal Government, 1978 – 1994, Heather Antecol, Deborah Cobb-Clark

CMC Faculty Publications and Research

This paper examines the changing nature of attitudes toward and reports of sexual harassment using data for 1978–94 drawn from the U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board (USMSPB) of the U.S. federal government. The authors find that although unwanted sexual behavior reported by federal government employees changed only slightly in overall incidence over the period, its pattern changed noticeably. Unwanted sexual attention by supervisors, for example, declined in incidence; crude and offensive behavior by co-workers increased; and the likelihood that harassment would occur only once (rather than repeatedly) increased. Employees’ attitudes toward sexual harassment changed markedly, with a dramatically increased willingness …

Comment: The California Fires, Andre Wakefield

Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research

Insights on the effect of wildfires on the Southern California community of Claremont.

Teaching For Change: The Leadership In Environmental Education Partnership, Paul Faulstich

Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research

Humans are transforming earth's landscape from a natural matrix with pockets of civilization to just the opposite. Most of us realize that this pattern is not sustainable. I live and work in Claremont, California, a charming college town in the midst of suburban sprawl. The town has a central village of terminally tasteful, overpriced bungalows nestled in the shade of tall, largely exotic trees. Indeed, most of the landscape of this "city of trees and Ph.D.s" has been imported; only a remnant parcel of coastal sage scrub that the Claremont Colleges have reluctantly preserved remains.

An Unusual Lava Cave From Ol Doinyo Lengai, Tanzania, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Joyce Lundberg, Frederick Belton

WM Keck Science Faculty Papers

A new type of lava cave is described from the summit crater of Ol Doinyo Lengai, a unique active carbonatite volcano in Tanzania. This and other similar caves on Ol Doinyo Lengai are formed by thermal erosion and aqueous dissolution of otherwise solid spatter cones. Meteoritic water and endogenous condensates act to form speleothems of complex mineralogy up to 3 m in length. We propose the new classification of “polygenetic spatter cone cave”.

Trade Diversion And Production Sharing, Sven W. Arndt

CMC Faculty Publications and Research

This paper examines the repercussions of cross-border production sharing for the welfare effects of preferential trade liberalization. In a general-equilibrium context, a free trade agreement (FTA), which incorporates production sharing, raises the likelihood of welfare improvement. Thus, two members of a free trade area, who each have comparative disadvantage in the production of a final product relative to a non-member, may nevertheless enjoy net trade creation if they jointly possess comparative advantage in key components of that product. At a minimum, cross-border production sharing reduces the trade-diverting elements of an FTA. It follows, that rules of origin, viewed as constraints …

Global Production Networks And Regional Integration, Sven W. Arndt

CMC Faculty Publications and Research

The rest of the chapter is organized as follows. Section 2 lays out the basic argument in a standard general equilibrium framework, while Section 3 examines key welfare effects of joint production in a partial equilibrium framework. Section 4 studies the effect of production sharing on the exchange-rate sensitivity of trade and discusses alternative measurements of the balance of trade. Section 5 deals with the real-exchange-rate effects of an investment cycle associated with the implementation of joint production. Section 6 considers exchange-rate regime choice. Section 7 concludes.

Exposure To Televised Alcohol Ads And Subsequent Adolescent Alcohol Use, Alan W. Stacy, Jennifer Zogg, Jennifer Unger, Clyde W. Dent

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Objective: To assess the impact of televised alcohol commercials on adolescents, alcohol use. Methods: Adolescents completed questionnaires about alcohol commercials and alcohol use in a prospective study. Results: A one standard deviation increase in viewing television programs containing alcohol commercials in seventh grade was associated with an excess risk of beer use (44%}, wine/liquor use (34%}, and 3-drlnk episodes (26%} in eighth grade. The strength of associations varied across exposure measures and was most consistent for beer. Conclusions: Although replication is warranted, results showed that exposure was associated with an increased risk of subsequent beer consumption and possibly other consumption …

The Cultural Ecology Of Leadership: An Analysis Of Popular Leadership Books, Michelle C. Bligh, James R. Meindl

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Leadership is indisputably one of the most discussed, studied, and written-about topics in our society. A keyword search in the Expanded Academic Index for occurrences of the word "leadership" in a title or abstract reveals over 1,200 citations in the year 2000 alone. A subject search of "leadership" on Amazon.com returns more than 6,300 books on the subject, and over 1,400 hardcover books with leadership in the title are offered (Krohe, 2000). From Jesus CEO to 1001 Ways to Take Initiative at Work, fortunes are made (or not!) and fades are launched by many of these titles. But …

Suicide Bombings In Operation Iraqi Freedom, Robert J. Bunker, John P. Sullivan

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Suicide bombing is the act of blowing oneself up in order to kill (destroy) or injure (damage) a target. The target may be military or civilian or both. Typically, the killing or physical destruction of the target is less important than the terror generated by undertaking the act. This ultimately makes suicide bombing a “disruptive firepower” capability (based on Bond-Relationship Targeting) utilized by opposing forces (OPFORs) which lack traditional destructive firepower.