Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Emergence Of Feral And Criminal Cities: U.S. Military Implications In A Time Of Austerity, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

This Land Warfare Paper considers the nature of the emerging global security environment. With the spread of economic liberalism that gained foothold after the conclusion of the Cold War, one might think that the 21st century is the perfect time for the modern democratic state to be a ubiquitous institution. However, between power vacuums developing in formerly autocratic states and economic troubles becoming more prevalent, the atmosphere of the world is increasingly toxic to the values upheld in Western democracy. With that being the case, nation building, and even city building, is presently beyond the scope of the diminishing resources …

Book Review: Routledge Handbook Of Transnational Organized Crime, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

This is a book review.

Mexican Cartel Tactical Note #20: Rpg-29 Anti-Armor Munitions, David A. Kuhn, Anikh Wadhawan, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Note—Up until recently, weapons that provide for armor and bunker defeat capability at the levels that the RPG-29 is capable of, have not been seen in the hands of the Mexican cartels. The fact that they have successfully obtained them—and the origin and mechanism by which they were obtained should be of extreme concern to everyone.

Vbieds In The Mexican Criminal Insurgency, Robert J. Bunker, John P. Sullivan

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

At least 130,000 people have been killed in the ongoing Mexican “crime war,” and many more have been kidnapped or simply gone missing. Yet despite the significance of these numbers, official reports and news accounts frequently underreport the toll of this war.

Narco Armor: Improvised Armored Fighting Vehicles In Mexico, Robert J. Bunker, Byron Ramirez

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

The introduction of this work analyzes the types and evolution of cartel IAFVs in Mexico. To this analysis can be added “vehicle number 24” in the picture gallery, which highlights fixed 50 cal. sniper rifles and machine guns found in or on various vehicles seized from the cartels. These represent multiple 50 cal. sniper rifles and heavy machine guns on fixed mounts inside vehicles and, in one instance, on the back of a vehicle with armored gun shield protection. While we have seen no photographic evidence of an organic (main) gun placed on cartel IAFVs as of yet, these weapons …

Book Review: Virtual War And Magical Death: Technologies And Imaginaries For Terror And Killing, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

This is a book review.

Changing Forms Of Insurgency: Pirates, Narco Gangs And Failed States, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

The primarily bipolar world that helped to characterize the decades long Cold War has begun to realign itself. The information revolution, increasing globalizations, the ongoing expansion of transnational terrorist and insurgent networks, and many other elements of this systemic level change have continued to take place into the early twenty-first century. Within the context of this large-scale shift in human and state relations, one question that has often been asked by analysis is whether changing forms of insurgency are taking place. If this is so, these changing forms of insurgency would be distinct from the currently dominant political form of …

Adversary Weaponry To 2025, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

This chapter will provide an overview of adversary weaponry that will be utilized by criminals and opposing forces (OPFORs) which U.S. law enforcement personnel may encounter domestically. The projected time frame will cover the futures period from 2009 through 2025. Criminal weaponry use will be analyzed using a criminal threat continuum that starts with minimal threats and increases in severity. OPFOR weaponry use will be analyzed using a similar continuum. It should be noted that OPFOR threats, like criminal threats, are illicit in nature and derived from individuals and groups that can be designated as engaging in criminal behavior or …

Force Protection And Suicide Bombers: The Necessity For Two Types Of Canadian Military Red Teams, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

This article will discuss why the use of two types of red teams - analytical and physical - to identify and then simulate ‘suicide bomber threat scenarios’ is necessary for the force protection training of deploying Canadian military units. Red teaming as a discipline can be divided into two basic forms: (1) analytical red teaming, which is diegetic in nature; that is, based upon descriptive products and decision support functions and (2) physical red teaming, which is mimetic in nature; that is, derived from live-action and role playing-based training with an opposing force (OPFOR) deployed against a friendly military unit. …

Mexican Cartel Operational Note No. 1: Mexican Military Operations Against Los Zetas Communications Networks, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Mexican Cartel Strategic Note No. 4: Texas Border Security: A Strategic Military Assessment, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Leadership And Opfor Networks, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

This essay will address the topic of leadership and OPFOR networks. This subject area has suffered from quite a bit of neglect yet has great homeland security potentials. For law enforcement purposes, this represents an important topic because gaining an understanding of one’s opponents and their organizational and leadership approaches is the first step in achieving mastery and dominance over them. The primary reason for the neglect of this topic it is that it requires interdisciplinary knowledge concerning three distinct areas of study— leadership, OPFORs, and networks— and their subsequent analytical fusion. It is the intent of this essay to …

Violent Non-State Actors In 2030: Suggested Dutch Armed Forces Response, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Convergence: The Changing Missions Of Police And The Military, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

The continued convergence of policing and military missions represents the new world in which we increasingly find ourselves. The need for such convergence can be explained at both the operational and strategic levels of analysis. This document will use four conceptual figures to aid understanding of the convergence.

Are We Prematurely Designating Iran's Revolutionary Guards As Criminal-Soldiers?, Robert J. Bunker, Hakim Hazim

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

The recent U.S. consideration to designate the 125,000 person strong Revolutionary Guard of Iran as a "specially designated global terrorist" (per Executive Order 13224) has quite a few international security implications. (1) On the most basic level, it highlights growing U.S. and Iranian tensions over Iran's nuclear weapons program and Iranian involvement—via its Quds Force belonging to the Revolutionary Guard—in both fermenting and supporting terrorist and insurgent activities in Lebanon, Palestine, Iraq, and Afghanistan.

What may be far more significant, however, is the U.S. designating the military branch of a sovereign state as a terrorist organization. In the past, such …

Congressional Testimony: Beijing, Unrestricted Warfare, And Threat Potentials, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

This is a transcript of a hearing on "China’s Military Modernization and Its Impact on the United States and the Asia-Pacific, Panel II: Beijing’s Doctrine on the Conduct of 'Irregular Forms of Warfare'" before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission.

Combatants Or Non-Combatants?: Where Private Military Companies Fit In Modern, Classical And Legal Definitions, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Many perspectives exist for why private military companies have emerged over the last decade or so: cost-effectiveness, fact reaction cycles, lack of will or inability of governments to send their own troops into peace operations. This short essay will not attempt to debate these traditional reasons given for PMC growth and operational fielding. Rather, it will make some basic observations concerning the changing nature of warfare, attempt to place PMC ascendancy within the historical context, and make some policy suggestions concerning the relationship of PMCs to international law and the state.

Suicide Bombings In Operation Iraqi Freedom, Robert J. Bunker, John P. Sullivan

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Suicide bombing is the act of blowing oneself up in order to kill (destroy) or injure (damage) a target. The target may be military or civilian or both. Typically, the killing or physical destruction of the target is less important than the terror generated by undertaking the act. This ultimately makes suicide bombing a “disruptive firepower” capability (based on Bond-Relationship Targeting) utilized by opposing forces (OPFORs) which lack traditional destructive firepower.

Grenades, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Grenades have been in existence since the 15th century and are generally used in tandem with infantry small arms for siege (trench) and urban warfare. These devices also provide the basis for numerous forms of booby traps used in both conventional and unconventional warfare.

Unarmored Fighting Vehicles, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Unarmored fighting vehicles are a form of military fighting vehicle used in scouting, raiding, perimeter defense, terrain seizure, ambushes, and, in some instances, indirect artillery support. They are also used in noncombat roles such as personnel and cargo transport, ammunition resupply, and general hauling.

Mortars, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Mortars are normally employed when artillery and air strikes are either impractical and/or unavailable. Two families of mortars exist: essentially, early and modern.

Martin Van Creveld On Men, Women And War, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

I was at first apprehensive when approached about writing a review essay on Martin van Creveld’s new book, Men, Women & War: Do Women Belong in the Front Line?¹ The topic was not a key interest of mine, and more pressing real-world needs required my attention. While the sporadic conversations I have had with van Creveld over the last couple of years made me aware of his growing interest and deep fascination with the topic of women in general, this work seemed a diversion from his repertoire of such seminal works as Supplying War: Logistics from Wallerstein to Patton …

Terrorism, Since 1945, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Bushido, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Bushido was originally a code of conduct for the samurai, the warrior class of feudal Japan. The term literally means "the way [do] of the warrior [bushi]." Basic principles of Bushido developed during and in the centuries of warfare before the Kamakura Shogunate (1192-1333). The term came into normal usage during the stable Tokugawa Shogunate (1603-1867), when the samurai were subordinated tot he will of the state and the literary classic Hagakure (1716) was written.

Grenades And Land Mines, Japanese, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Two forms of infantry weapons–grenades and land mines–complemented the small arms used by Japanese army and naval landing forces in World War II. These forces employed numerous types of hand grenades, which generally ranged in weight to 10 to 20 ounces.

Psychological Warfare, Japanese, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Japanese psychological warfare operations were modeled on campaigns conducted by the British in World War I and the Germans in World War II. The Germans established a branch of their propaganda ministry in Japan, which resulted in close psychological warfare collaboration between these two Axis powers. As a result, their propaganda themes, such as both nations having divine or semidivine rulers and being populated by super races whose destiny was to rule the world, were strikingly parallel.

Small Arms, Japanese, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Japanese army and naval-infantry forces relied on a standard assortment of small arms in World War II. These arms can be grouped into rifles and carbines, pistols, light machine guns, and submachine guns. Heavy machine guns, while not normally considered small arms, will also be covered under this topical heading, Japanese small arms ammunition could be identified, in many instances, by the following colored bands: pink (ball), black (armor-piercing), and green (tracer).

Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

This is an encyclopedia article.

Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

This is an encyclopedia article.

Mutual And Balanced Force Reductions, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

This is an encyclopedia article.