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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Understanding The Relationship Between Working Memory And Long-Term Memory, Kelly Cotton
Understanding The Relationship Between Working Memory And Long-Term Memory, Kelly Cotton
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
How lasting memories are created is a question that has driven much research into human cognition. An area of renewed research interest concerns the relationship between working memory and long-term memory. Recent research has investigated how the processing that occurs while information is held in working memory influences successful long-term memory creation. Both working memory consolidation and maintenance have been identified as critical in long-term retention, but the mechanisms underlying the working memory/long-term memory relationship remain unclear. The present dissertation examined different working memory mechanisms and their impact on long-term memory in a broader context by addressing two questions: 1) …
Neural Network Vs. Rule-Based G2p: A Hybrid Approach To Stress Prediction And Related Vowel Reduction In Bulgarian, Maria Karamihaylova
Neural Network Vs. Rule-Based G2p: A Hybrid Approach To Stress Prediction And Related Vowel Reduction In Bulgarian, Maria Karamihaylova
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
An effective grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) conversion system is a critical element of speech synthesis. Rule-based systems were an early method for G2P conversion. In recent years, machine learning tools have been shown to outperform rule-based approaches in G2P tasks. We investigate neural network sequence-to-sequence modeling for the prediction of syllable stress and resulting vowel reductions in the Bulgarian language. We then develop a hybrid G2P approach which combines manually written grapheme-to-phoneme mapping rules with neural network-enabled syllable stress predictions by inserting stress markers in the predicted stress position of the transcription produced by the rule-based finite-state transducer. Finally, we apply vowel …
Predicting Stress In Russian Using Modern Machine-Learning Tools, John Schriner
Predicting Stress In Russian Using Modern Machine-Learning Tools, John Schriner
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
In the Russian language, stress on a word is determined via often complex patterns and rules. In this paper, after examining nearly a century of research in stress rules and methods in Russian, we turn to see if modern machine learning tools can aid in predicting stress. Using A.A. Zaliznyak’s dictionary grammar and over 300,000 word forms, we derived stress codes to aid in predicting which syllable primary stress falls on. We trained an LSTM neural network on the data and conducted eight experiments with added features such as lemma, part of speech, and morphology. While the model performed better …
The Cognitive, Behavioral, Affective, And Physiological Components Of Social Cognition In Esports And Education, Daisy Reyes
The Cognitive, Behavioral, Affective, And Physiological Components Of Social Cognition In Esports And Education, Daisy Reyes
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Prior research has shown that collaborative learning, or groups of two or more individuals working together towards a shared outcome, and Computer-Supported Collaborative learning has the potential to positively impact learning outcomes. This study aims to add to existing literature on collaborative learning by looking at how novices and experts learn and perform in esports (electronic sports) teams, or highly coordinated digital teams that often compete in stressful environments. Based on Carron’s Model of Cohesion in Sports Teams and Hanin’s Model of Individualized Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF), the current study looks at the relationship between cohesion (i.e., task and …
Examining The Buffering Effect Of Mindfulness On The Relationship Between Stress And Ethical Decision Making, Irina Kuzmich
Examining The Buffering Effect Of Mindfulness On The Relationship Between Stress And Ethical Decision Making, Irina Kuzmich
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Poor ethical decision making is an issue in many modern-day organizations. Academic research and the popular press have shown that failures in ethical decision making have resulted in harm to organizations, their employees, and the societies in which they exist. While there is much research into what may impact ethical decision making, this paper examined the effects of two understudied factors, stress and mindfulness, within a self-regulatory framework. A 2x2 experimental design with undergraduate student participants was used in which each participant was randomly assigned to a mindfulness training condition and a stress condition. Trait mindfulness was also measured as …
Pilot Study Of The Effects Of Mobile Based Resonant Frequency Breathing On Cognitive Performance In Healthy Young Adults With Elevated Stress, Daniel Saldana
Pilot Study Of The Effects Of Mobile Based Resonant Frequency Breathing On Cognitive Performance In Healthy Young Adults With Elevated Stress, Daniel Saldana
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Objective: Prior research has shown a bidirectional relationship between breathing, emotions, behavior, and cognitive functions thought to be mediated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Studies have shown that deep or diaphragmatic breathing interventions are associated with improved affect and decreased stress levels, but little attention has been paid to the effects of breathing training on cognition. The few studies that have looked at this have shown improved attention, memory, and executive functioning as a result of breathing interventions. While suggestive of positive benefits, these studies used control groups that are either inactive or inappropriate for determining their respective mechanisms …
A Randomized Controlled Trial Of Psychological Outcomes Of Mobile Guided Resonant Frequency Breathing In Young Adults With Elevated Stress During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Al Amira Safa Shehab
A Randomized Controlled Trial Of Psychological Outcomes Of Mobile Guided Resonant Frequency Breathing In Young Adults With Elevated Stress During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Al Amira Safa Shehab
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Deep breathing practices have shown promise in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in different populations, including young adults. Specifically, resonant frequency breathing can exert an impact on stress response systems through the vagus nerve and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This may induce reductions in stress and improvement in emotion regulation. Young adults, including college students, tend to be at a higher risk for psychological distress, as they face several psychosocial challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed new and unique stressors that resulted in higher levels of stress and emotional symptoms and it has been shown that this may have placed …
Campus Design And The Community College Experience: An Exploration Of Stress, Belonging And Scholarly Identity, Vanita Naidoo
Campus Design And The Community College Experience: An Exploration Of Stress, Belonging And Scholarly Identity, Vanita Naidoo
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This mixed methods research study examines factors that influence the development of scholarly identity at a community college campus. It uses survey methods and a focus group with undergraduate students at the Bronx Community College (BCC) campus to examine how campus design relates to a sense of belonging, the process of reflection, and the development of a scholarly identity. Academic attrition and low performance are challenges at urban community colleges. The study aims to address how campus design, specifically green space, impacts undergraduate students at a community college. It seeks to better understand the experience of the diverse student population …
Sociality And Stress In Female Chacma Baboons (Papio Ursinus) In The Cape Peninsula Of South Africa: Behavioral Flexibility And Coping Mechanisms, Shahrina Chowdhury
Sociality And Stress In Female Chacma Baboons (Papio Ursinus) In The Cape Peninsula Of South Africa: Behavioral Flexibility And Coping Mechanisms, Shahrina Chowdhury
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The physiological stress responses that animals exhibit to the myriad stressors in their environment can be used to assess the state of their health and well-being, and even survival capability. Although the stress response is adaptive in many cases, chronic stress responses may be maladaptive in some situations when it leads to dysfunction of the physiological system involved in the stress response itself, and can also cause deleterious effects on health, reproduction and survival. The stress response includes physiological responses to both environmental perturbations and psychosocial stress and anxiety associated with social perturbations. The latter factor is particularly important for …
Stress As A Cultural Tool In Higher Education, Nadia Ramjit
Stress As A Cultural Tool In Higher Education, Nadia Ramjit
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This study focuses on how two groups of college freshmen, the traditional age and nontraditional age students use the word stress as a cultural tool in their college adjustment process. This topic is explored through Vygotsky’s concept of language understood as a cultural tool, enacting meaning as developed through socio-cultural relations (1978). Three research questions explore how students articulate stress in diverse ways: How do traditional and nontraditional college freshmen use the word stress as a cultural tool to mediate their experiences in the college environment: academically, socially, personally, regarding goal commitments, etc.? What are the factors that traditional and …
Sex Differences In Stress, Burnout And Coping In Emergency Medical Service Providers, Celia R. Sporer
Sex Differences In Stress, Burnout And Coping In Emergency Medical Service Providers, Celia R. Sporer
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The physical and psychological wellbeing of emergency medical service (EMS) providers is important for sustaining the overall model of emergency responding as well as providing consistent quality patient care. Despite the importance of the role, very little research has been undertaken for this occupational group. In particular, very little research on stress, burnout and coping have been undertaken. The failure to examine these areas fully has resulted not only in gaps in the literature but also practical failure for providers and the populations they serve. The assumption that EMS providers work under stressful circumstances which can result in burnout and …
"I Shall Not Fear:" Secure Attachment To G-D As A Buffer Against Anxiety, Peryl Agishtein
"I Shall Not Fear:" Secure Attachment To G-D As A Buffer Against Anxiety, Peryl Agishtein
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Religion has a long and mixed history in the field of psychology. Historically, some leading figures in the field viewed religion as a source of neuroses and poor mental health; others saw a more positive spiritual resource. Recently, empirical data on religion and mental health has proliferated. There is now consensus that religion is associated with lower depression. However, the link between religion and anxiety is less clear-cut. This paper proposes that a) religion can have exacerbating or alleviating effects on anxiety depending on which aspect of religion is being studied and b) the primary religious variable that affects anxiety …