Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Productivity, Discrimination, And Lost Profits During Baseball's Integration, Jonathan Lanning

Economics Faculty Research and Scholarship

This article uses data from Major League Baseball's integration to identify the sources and magnitude of labor market discrimination. Returns to hiring black workers in this industry were high, and the industry's labor supply was uniquely suited for rapid integration, yet integration evolved slowly. Many explanations for this sluggishness are considered, including both taste-based and statistical discrimination. Ultimately, only owner and collective coworker discrimination can explain baseball's slow pace of integration. The estimated levels of discrimination are high, showing the median team sacrificed profits of nearly $2.2 million in 1950 dollars (over $19 million 2010 dollars) by delaying integration.

Review Of Punishing The Poor: The Neoliberal Government Of Social Insecurity, By Loïc Wacquant, Sanford F. Schram

Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research Faculty Research and Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Continuity And Change In The Eastern Aleutian Archaeological Sequence, Richard S. Davis, R. A. Knecht

Anthropology Faculty Research and Scholarship

The eastern Aleutian prehistoric archaeological sequence is key for understanding population movements, cultural exchanges, and adaptations to environmental changes over a wide area of the north Pacific and Bering Sea during the Holocene. An important question is, Can the settlement history of the eastern Aleutians be understood as a single continuous tradition lasting some 9,000 years, or were there major population and cultural influxes along with periods of widespread population abandonment? We review the available archaeological evidence with reference to recent mtDNA and nucleic DNA studies of prehistoric and contemporary Arctic and Subarctic populations and conclude that the evidence points …

Bauhaus 1919-1933: Workshops For Modernity, Barbara Miller Lane

Growth and Structure of Cities Faculty Research and Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Shaping Tokyo: Land Development And Planning Practice In The Early Modern Japanese Metropolis, Carola Hein

Growth and Structure of Cities Faculty Research and Scholarship

From the mid-nineteenth century, Japanese elites experimented with foreign planning concepts and transformed their cities to respond to the demands of modernization. Even though they faced similar situations, knew about established European techniques, and had large open spaces available, they established planning practices that were different from those of their foreign counterparts, building on the country’s own urban history and form, particularities in landownership, development needs, urban planning techniques, and design preferences. This article highlights, first, key issues of landownership, urban form, and urban development in the Edo period (1603—1867) and provides an overview of the urban transformation of Tokyo …

Producing Textbook Sociology, Jeff Manza, Michael Sauder, Nathan Wright

Sociology Faculty Research and Scholarship

The conservative role of the textbook in reproducing the dominant ideas of a disciplinary field is well known. The factors driving that content have remained almost entirely unexamined. Reviewing the universe of textbooks aimed at the American market between 1998 and 2004, we explore the persistence of the identification in American sociology textbooks of a paradigm in which structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism are used to frame the theoretical core of the discipline. We examine how over time the textbook market produces both supply and demand pressures to reproduce content that is at odds with the mainstream of …

Do Haphazard Reviews Provide Sound Directions For Dissemination Efforts?, Eileen Gambrill, Julia H. Littell

Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research Faculty Research and Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Toward Evidence-Informed Policy And Practice In Child Welfare, Julia H. Littell, Aron Shlonsky

Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research Faculty Research and Scholarship

Drawing on the authors’ experience in the international Campbell Collaboration, this essay presents a principled and pragmatic approach to evidence-informed decisions about child welfare. This approach takes into account the growing body of empirical evidence on the reliability and validity of various methods of research synthesis. It also considers wide variations in the cultural, economic, and political contexts in which policy and practice decisions are made—and the contexts in which children live and die. This essay illustrates the use of Campbell and Cochrane systematic reviews to inform child welfare decisions in the diverse contexts that exist around the globe.

The Intelligibility And Comprehensibility Of Learner Speech In Russian: A Study In The Salience Of Pronunciation, Lexicon, Grammar And Syntax, Jill A. Neuendorf

Bryn Mawr College Dissertations and Theses

This study of L-2 Russian interlanguage production examined the salience of phonetic, lexical and syntactical features for L-1 listener intelligibility, based on L-2recitation of written scripts (Part I) and also unrehearsed speech (Part II). Part III of the study investigated strategies used by native-speaking teachers of Russian as a Second Language and experienced Russian host families to facilitate comprehensibility of L-2Russian speech.

The respondent group consisted of 51 native-Russian speakers plus a 20-member ethnic Russian control group, whose speech samples were also rated by the informant group. The 51 respondents comprised four sub-groups based on residency (Russia/US), profession (teacher/non-teacher of …

What’S Love Got To Do With It?: Social Connections, Perceived Health Stressors, And Daily Mood In Married Octogenarians, Robert J. Waldinger, Marc S. Schulz

Psychology Faculty Research and Scholarship

This study examined day-to-day links among time spent with others, health stressors, and mood in 47 elderly couples over an 8-day period. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed daily links between time spent with others and mood for men. For both men and women, being in a satisfying relationship was associated with stronger positive daily links between spending time with one’s partner and mood. Women reported lower mood on days when they experienced greater pain and physical limitation, and all participants reported lower mood on days when they experienced other health stressors. Marital satisfaction but not time spent with others buffered day-to-day …

Facing The Music Or Burying Our Heads In The Sand?: Adaptive Emotion Regulation In Mid- And Late-Life, Robert J. Waldinger, Marc S. Schulz

Psychology Faculty Research and Scholarship

Psychological defense theories postulate that keeping threatening information out of awareness brings short-term reduction of anxiety at the cost of longer-term dysfunction. By contrast, Socioemotional Selectivity Theory suggests that preference for positively-valenced information is a manifestation of adaptive emotion regulation in later life. Using six decades of longitudinal data on 61 men, we examined links between emotion regulation indices informed by these distinct conceptualizations: defense patterns in earlier adulthood and selective memory for positively-valenced images in late life. Men who used more avoidant defenses in midlife recognized fewer emotionally-valenced and neutral images in a memory test 35-40 years later. Late-life …