Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Muscle Fatigue Resistance In The Rat Hindlimb In Vivo From Low Dietary Intakes Of Tuna Fish Oil That Selectively Increase Phospholipid N-3 Docosahexaenoic Acid According To Muscle Fibre Type, Renee Henry, Gregory E. Peoples, Peter L. Mclennan

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Dietary fish oil (FO) modulates muscle O2 consumption and contractile function, predictive of effects on muscle fatigue. High doses unattainable through human diet and muscle stimulation parameters used engender uncertainty in their physiological relevance. We tested the hypothesis that nutritionally relevant FO doses can modulate membrane fatty acid composition and muscle fatigue. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised to control (10 % olive oil (OO) by weight) or low or moderate FO diet (LowFO and ModFO) (HiDHA tuna fish oil) for 15 weeks (LowFO: 0·3 % FO, 9·7 % OO, 0·25 % energy as EPA + DHA; ModFO: 1·25 % FO, …

Proposal For A Continent 'Itsaqia' Amalgamated At 3.66 Ga And Rifted Apart From 3.53 Ga: Initiation Of A Wilson Cycle Near The Start Of The Rock Record, Allen Phillip Nutman, Vickie C. Bennett, Clark R. L Friend

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

A synthesis of the geological record of Earth's ten remaining oldest surviving gneiss complexes, each containing >3.6 Ga rocks, reveals a common history. We propose that the simplest scenario compatible with all observations is that of formation of an ancient continental mass, here named Itsaqia, by 3.66 Ga from amalgamation of earlier quartzofeldspathic crust, followed by initiation of continental break-up at 3.53 Ga by rifting. Evidence for this is reconstructed from the remaining oldest rock record (only ca. 10,000 km2 globally). Dominating the surviving fragments of the proposed Itsaqia continent are 3.9 to 3.66 Ga tonalites that represent juvenile crustal …

Two Lowland Tropical Spodosols From The Fiji Islands: First Report From Small Islands, David M. Leslie, Philomena Gangaiya, R John Morrison

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Spodosols, one of the major orders of soils in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Taxonomy, are believed to be formed by down-profile movement of colloidal humic materials complexed with aluminum and iron. Conditions favoring formation of these soils are normally cool and humid climates, but some tropical Spodosols have been observed in continental and island situations, mainly at higher elevations. Here we report on observation of two Spodosols at low elevations in Fiji, the first such report for the South Pacific islands. Soil field descriptions and associated laboratory data are presented, along with interpretation of data in terms of …

Musculoskeletal Comparison Of Patients With Localised Versus Metastatic Prostate Cancer, Nicolas Hart, Robert U. Newton, Dennis R. Taaffe, Nigel Spry, David Joseph, Prue Cormie, Suzanne K. Chambers, Robert A. Gardiner, Daniel A. Galvao

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Abstract of a presentation at the 2nd Prostate Cancer World Congress, Australia, 17-21 August 2015

Building Research Skills To Empower Evidence Based Practitioners, Judy Mullan, Kathryn M. Weston, Warren C. Rich, Shelley P. Crowther, Peter L. Mclennan

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Abstract of a presentation at the HERDSA 2015 Conference, 6-9 July, Melbourne, Australia.

Thermally-Promoted Post-Synthetic Pummerer Chemistry In A Sulfoxide-Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework, Macguire Bryant, Christopher Richardson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Reported herein is a thermally-promoted, post-synthetic modification of a zinc metal-organic frameworks pore surface. Sulfoxide tag groups are modified by conventional heating via Pummerer-type chemistry and elimination to aldehyde groups. Simultaneously, a minor competing disproportionation reaction occurs, creating sulfide and sulfone tag groups enhancing the complexity of the pores. The thermal process is gentle, with crystallinity fully maintained, and results in a higher surface area and pore volume for the modified framework.

Dissociation Of Proton-Bound Complexes Reveals Geometry And Arrangement Of Double Bonds In Unsaturated Lipids, Huong T. Pham, Matthew Prendergast, Christopher W. Dunstan, Adam J. Trevitt, Todd W. Mitchell, Ryan Julian, Stephen J. Blanksby

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Double bond position and stereochemistry in unsaturated lipids can have profound impact on biological properties and activities but the assignment of these features by mass spectrometry is frequently challenging. Conventional techniques for lipid identification rely on collision-induced dissociation (CID) and are most often unable to differentiate between lipid isomers, particularly those involving double bond position and geometry (i.e., cis and trans). In this study, CID performed on proton-bound complexes of fatty acid methyl esters and iodoaniline (and related reagents) reveals unusual fragmentation patterns. CID products are shown to result from proton transfer and are associated with specific structures of the …

Does Gosat Capture The True Seasonal Cycle Of Carbon Dioxide?, H Lindqvist, Christopher O'Dell, S Basu, Hartmut Boesch, Frédéric Chevallier, Nicholas M. Deutscher, L Feng, B Fisher, Frank Hase, M Inoue, Rigel Kivi, Isamu Morino, Paul I. Palmer, Robert J. Parker, Matthias Schneider, Ralf Sussmann, Yukio Yoshida

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Author(s) 2015. The seasonal cycle accounts for a dominant mode of total column CO2 (XCO2) annual variability and is connected to CO2 uptake and release; it thus represents an important quantity to test the accuracy of the measurements from space. We quantitatively evaluate the XCO2 seasonal cycle of the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) observations from the Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS) retrieval system and compare average regional seasonal cycle features to those directly measured by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). We analyse the mean seasonal cycle amplitude, dates of maximum and minimum XCO2, as well as …

A Twist Of Nature-The Significance Of Atropisomers In Biological Systems, Jamie Smyth, Nicholas Butler, Paul A. Keller

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Recently identified natural atropisomeric compounds with potential medicinal applications are presented. The ability of natural receptors to possess differential binding between atropisomers is an important factor when considering active and inactive atropisomeric drugs, and has required the development of new techniques for atropselective synthesis of desired targets. Advances in this field therefore have significant relevance to modern pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry. The atropisomeric natural products discussed include hibarimicinone, flavomannins, talaromannins, viriditoxin, rugulotrosin A, abyssomicin C, marinopyrroles, dixiamycins, streptorubin B, ustiloxins A-F, haouamine A, bisnicalaterines, and tedarene B, all of which show significant potential as leads in antibiotic, antiviral and anticancer …

Neuromuscular And Physiological Variables Evolve Independently When Running Immediately After Cycling, Joel Walsh, Alexander Stamenkovic, Romuald Lepers, Gregory E. Peoples, Paul J. Stapley

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

During the early period of running after cycling, EMG patterns of the leg are modified in only some highly trained triathletes. The majority of studies have analysed muscle EMG patterns at arbitrary, predetermined time points. The purpose of this study was to examine changes to EMG patterns of the lower limb at physiologically determined times during the cycle-run transition period to better investigate neuromuscular adaptations. Six highly trained triathletes completed a 10 min isolated run (IR), 30 min of rest, then a 20 min cycling procedure, before a 10 min transition run (C-R). Surface EMG activity of eight lower limb …

Reduced Cardiovascular Capacity And Resting Metabolic Rate In Men With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Androgen Deprivation: A Comprehensive Cross-Sectional Investigation, Bradley A. Wall, Daniel A. Galvão, Naeem Fatehee, Dennis R. Taaffe, Nigel Spry, David Joseph, Robert U. Newton

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objectives. To investigate if androgen deprivation therapy exposure is associated with additional risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic treatment-related toxicities. Methods. One hundred and seven men (42-89 years) with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy completed a maximal graded objective exercise test to determine maximal oxygen uptake, assessments for resting metabolic rate, body composition, blood pressure and arterial stiffness, and blood biomarker analysis. A cross-sectional analysis was undertaken to investigate the potential impact of therapy exposure with participants stratified into two groups according to duration of androgen deprivation therapy (≥3 months). Results. Maximal oxygen uptake (26.1 ± 6.0 mL/kg/min …

Identifying The Location Of Fire Refuges In Wet Forest Ecosystems, Laurence Berry, Don A. Driscoll, John A. Stein, Wade Blanchard, Sam Banks, Ross A. Bradstock, David B. Lindenmayer

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The increasing frequency of large, high-severity fires threatens the survival of old-growth specialist fauna in fire-prone forests. Within topographically diverse montane forests, areas which experience less severe or fewer fires compared with those prevailing in the landscape may present unique resource opportunities enabling old-growth specialist fauna to survive. Statistical landscape models which identify the extent and distribution of potential fire refuges may assist land managers to incorporate these areas into relevant biodiversity conservation strategies. We used a case study in an Australian wet montane forest to establish how predictive fire simulation models can be interpreted as management tools to identify …

The Impact Of Sediment Bioturbation By Secondary Organisms On Metal Bioavailability, Bioaccumulation And Toxicity To Target Organisms In Benthic Bioassays: Implications For Sediment Quality Assessment, Timothy Remaili, Stuart L. Simpson, Elvio D. Amato, David A. Spadaro, Chad V. Jarolimek, Dianne F. Jolley

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Bioturbation alters the properties of sediments and modifies contaminant bioavailability to benthic organisms. These naturally occurring disturbances are seldom considered during the assessment of sediment quality. We investigated how the presence (High bioturbation) and absence (Low bioturbation) of a strongly bioturbating amphipod within three different sediments influenced metal bioavailability, survival and bioaccumulation of metals to the bivalve Tellina deltoidalis. The concentrations of dissolved copper decreased and manganese increased with increased bioturbation. For copper a strong correlation was observed between increased bivalve survival (53-100%) and dissolved concentrations in the overlying water. Increased bioturbation intensity resulted in greater tissue concentrations for chromium …

Positive Trends In Southern Hemisphere Carbonyl Sulfide, Stefanie Kremser, Nicholas B. Jones, Mathias Palm, Bernard Lejeune, Yuting Wang, D Smale, Nicholas M. Deutscher

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Transport of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) from the troposphere to the stratosphere contributes sulfur to the stratospheric aerosol layer, which reflects incoming short-wave solar radiation, cooling the climate system. Previous analyses of OCS observations have shown no significant trend, suggesting that OCS is unlikely to be a major contributor to the reported increases in stratospheric aerosol loading and indicating a balanced OCS budget. Here we present analyses of ground-based Fourier transform spectrometer measurements of OCS at three Southern Hemisphere sites spanning 34.45°S to 77.80°S. At all three sites statistically significant positive trends are seen from 2001 to 2014 with an observed …

Regional Assessment Of Soil Change In The Southwest Pacific, Neil J. Mckenzie, Jeffrey Baldock, Megan R. Balks, Marta Camps Arbestain, Leo M. Condron, Maria Elder-Ratutokarua, Mike J. Grundy, Allan Hewitt, Frank Kelliher, John F. Leys, Richard W. Mcdowell, R John Morrison, Noel R. Schoknecht

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The Southwest Pacific region includes the 22 island nations of the Pacific1, New Zealand and Australia (Figure 15.1). The landscapes of the region are very diverse ranging from a large continental land mass through to tens of thousands of small islands across the enormous expanse of the southwest Pacific Ocean. There are extensive ancient flat lands through to some of the youngest and most tectonically active landscapes on the planet. Temperature and rainfall ranges are large because of the breadth of latitudes and elevations. As a consequence, the soils of the region are also diverse. The strongly weathered soils in …

The Imprint Of Stratospheric Transport On Column-Averaged Methane, A Ostler, Ralf Sussmann, P K. Patra, Paul O. Wennberg, Nicholas M. Deutscher, David W. T Griffith, Thomas Blumenstock, Frank Hase, Rigel Kivi, Thorsten Warneke, Zhiting Wang, M De Maziere, John Robinson, H Ohyama

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Model simulations of column-averaged methane mixing ratios (XCH4) are extensively used for inverse estimates of methane (CH4) emissions from atmospheric measurements. Our study shows that virtually all chemical transport models (CTM) used for this purpose are affected by stratospheric model-transport errors. We quantify the impact of such model transport errors on the simulation of stratospheric CH4 concentrations via an a posteriori correction method. This approach compares measurements of the mean age of air with modeled age and expresses the difference in terms of a correction to modeled stratospheric CH4 mixing ratios. We find age differences up to ~ 3 years …

Moist Processes During Mjo Events As Diagnosed From Water Isotopic Measurements From The Iasi Satellite, O A. Tuinenburg, C Risi, J L. Lacour, Matthias Schneider, A Wiegele, John Worden, N Kurita, J P. Duvel, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Sandrine Bony, P F. Coheur, C Clerbaux

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

This study aims to investigate some characteristics of the moist processes of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), by making use of joint HDO (or δD) and H2O vapor measurements. The MJO is the main intraseasonal mode of the tropical climate but is hard to properly simulate in global atmospheric models. The joint use of δD-H2O diagnostics yields additional information compared to sole humidity measurements. We use midtropospheric Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite δD and H2O measurements to determine the mean MJO humidity and δD evolution. Moreover, by making use of high temporal resolution data, we determine the variability in this …

Supporting Women To Achieve Breastfeeding To Six Months Postpartum - The Theoretical Foundations Of A Successful Program, Shahla Meedya, Kathleen Fahy, Jenny Parratt, Jacqui Yoxall

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background Although the benefits of breastfeeding to six months are well-established, only about half of Australian women succeed. The factors associated with successful breastfeeding are rarely translated into effective interventions. A new educational and support program, called the Milky Way program has been demonstrated to be effective in supporting women to achieve prolonged breastfeeding. In the Milky Way program, breastfeeding is considered an embodied performance which requires an engaged combination of body, mind and spirit. This paper aims to explain how the two theories that informed the program were used to better enable women's long term breastfeeding success. Method The …

Australian Overview Of Best Practices In Recovery And Rehabilitation Services For People With Schizophrenia, Nagesh B. Pai

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Abstract of a presentation.

Sugar In The Diet: Is There A Sweet Spot?, Cinthya Wibisono, Rhoda Ndanuko

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

A round-up of insights p resented at ILSI SEAR Australasia's symposium, Sugar in the d ie t: is the re a swe e t sp ot? held in Sydney on 30 October 2015.

Academic Guidance In Medical Student Research: How Well Do Supervisors And Students Understand The Ethics Of Human Research?, Kathryn M. Weston, Judy Mullan, Wendy Hu, Colin J. H Thomson, Warren C. Rich, Patricia J. Knight-Billington, Brahmaputra Marjadi, Peter L. Mclennan

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Research is increasingly recognised as a key component of medical curricula, offering a range of benefits including development of skills in evidence-based medicine. The literature indicates that experienced academic supervision or mentoring is important in any research activity and positively influences research output. The aim of this project was to investigate the human research ethics experiences and knowledge of three groups: medical students, and university academic staff and clinicians eligible to supervise medical student research projects; at two Australian universities. Training in research ethics was low amongst academic staff and clinicians eligible to supervise medical student research. Only two-thirds of …

What An Anticardiovascular Diet Should Be In 2015, David R. Jacobs Jr, Linda C. Tapsell

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Purpose of review: Given scientific and public debate about optimal diet to prevent cardiovascular disease, and interest in diet and other chronic diseases, we propose that following a few simple dietary principles would reduce chronic disease incidence. Recent findings: Nutrition research has been criticized for focusing on individual nutrients and foods, treated like drug therapy. With a few important exceptions, clinical trials of supplemental nutrients have not shown benefit. Although highly specific nutrition information is elusive, diet patterns have provided consistent answers, important for public health. Observational cohort studies have found that some dietary patterns are reported with high …

Experiences And Views Of A Brokerage Model For Primary Care For Aboriginal People, Sarah Dennis, Iqbal Hasan, Lisa Jackson Pulver, Ian Wilson, Nicholas Arnold Zwar

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objective A mixed methods study was conducted to determine the views of Aboriginal people on their experiences of a brokerage model for access to community-based health services in an urban setting. Methods A broad range of approaches, using surveys, semi-structured interviews and community forums with Aboriginal people were used to find out people's views and experiences of using the brokerage service. Results Of the 1304 people invited to participate, only 127 people provided feedback on the brokerage service model for Aboriginal people. Of these, 120 people identified as being Aboriginal. Participants said that the service helped them to navigate the …

Selecting Australian Marine Macroalgae Based On The Fatty Acid Composition And Anti-Inflammatory Activity, Janice Mccauley, Barbara J. Meyer, Pia Winberg, Marie Ranson, Danielle Skropeta

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Increasingly, macroalgae are being recognised as a growth opportunity for functional foods and nutritional security in the future. Dominating traits of interest are metabolites that function as anti-inflammatories and are antiproliferative. However, seaweeds from the northern hemisphere dominate this field of research. Australia has a unique flora of macroalgae, and it is poorly understood which species should be targeted for cultivation towards food and health markets. Here, six Australian marine macroalgae were selected for screening of one anti-inflammatory group; n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). PUFA profiles were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis. Thirty-one fatty acids (FA) were …

Testing Of A Single Grain Osl Chronology Across The Middle To Upper Palaeolithic Transition At Les Cottés (France), Zenobia Jacobs, Bo Li, Nathan Jankowski, Marie Soressi

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The timing of the Middle Palaeolithic to Upper Palaeolithic transition in France is important to help understand when, where and how Neanderthals have been replaced by Homo sapiens. Radiocarbon dating has been the dating workhorse in constructing the chronological framework pertinent to these questions. In this study, we are testing whether single grain OSL dating has the accuracy and precision to be useful as a complementary dating method. The site of Les Cottés provides an ideal testing ground because of its stratigraphic integrity and reliable radiocarbon chronology. We applied single grain OSL dating of quartz to 19 samples and multi-aliquot …

Sonication-Induced Effects On Carbon Nanofibres In Composite Materials, Reece Gately, Holly Warren, Mattia Scardamaglia, Anthony C. Romeo, Carla Bittencourt, Marc In Het Panhuis

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The preparation and characterization of carbon nanofibre-gellan gum composite materials is presented. Electron microscopy analysis reveals that nanofibres are affected by sonolysis, i.e. fibre length reduces, while filling occurs. Spectroscopic analysis suggests that the nanofibres are modified during the preparation of the dispersions. It is shown that despite these effects, composite materials prepared using a short period of sonolysis (4 min) exhibit robust conductivity, strain at failure and Young's modulus values of 35 ± 2 S cm−1, 20 ± 1% and 1.3 ± 0.3 MPa, respectively.

Identifying Fire Plumes In The Arctic With Tropospheric Ftir Measurements And Transport Models, C Viatte, Kimberly Strong, J W. Hannigan, E Nussbaumer, L K. Emmons, Stephanie Conway, Clare Paton-Walsh, J Hartley, Joshua Benmergui, J Lin

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

We investigate Arctic tropospheric composition using ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar absorption spectra, recorded at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL, Eureka, Nunavut, Canada, 80°05' N, 86°42' W) and at Thule (Greenland, 76°53' N, −68°74' W) from 2008 to 2012. The target species, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ethane (C2H6), acetylene (C2H2), formic acid (HCOOH), and formaldehyde (H2CO) are emitted by biomass burning and can be transported from mid-latitudes to the Arctic. By detecting simultaneous enhancements of three biomass burning tracers (HCN, CO, and C2H6), ten and eight fire events are identified at Eureka and Thule, respectively, …

Potential Of Establishing A 'Global Standardised Growth Curve' (Gsgc) For Optical Dating Of Quartz From Sediments, Bo Li, Richard G. Roberts, Zenobia Jacobs, Sheng-Hua Li

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

We report investigations of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) signals of sedimentary quartz from different regions of Asia, Africa, Europe and North America using a single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) procedure. We show that variations in the shape of dose response curves (DRCs), or growth curves, of the test dose sensitivity-corrected OSL signals among single aliquots composed of multiple grains can be greatly reduced by normalising the DRCs using one of the regenerative dose OSL signals. We refer to this regenerative-dose normalisation procedure as 're-normalisation'. We find a common re-normalised DRC extends to doses of ∼250 Gy for samples that differ significantly …

Does Clinical Placement Location Affect Medical Student Exam Performance In Psychiatry?, Kerry Dawes, Alistair Lethbridge, Nagesh B. Pai

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Abstract of a poster presentation at the RANZCP 2015 Congress, Brisbane, Australia, 3-7 May 2015.

Contrasting Topoclimate, Long-Term Macroclimatic Averages, And Habitat Variables For Modelling Ant Biodiversity At Landscape Scales, John R. Gollan, Daniel Ramp, Michael B. Ashcroft

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Spatial modelling is part of the solution for incorporating insects into conservation policy. Uptake, however, rests on identifying robust environmental predictors. Coarse-grained climate models based on long-term averages and similarly coarse environmental features may not be adequate, especially at regional scales where most planning is done. Here, we test whether topoclimatic variables, which are derived from local-scale climate forcing factors, are more important for structuring ant assemblages.

We quantified ant richness and species composition at 86 sites across a large (200 x 300 km) temperate region of southeast Australia, and tested the explanatory power of three groups of environmental variables: …