Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Doctors' Approaches To Psa Testing And Overdiagnosis In Primary Healthcare: A Qualitative Study, Kristen Pickles, Stacy M. Carter, Lucie Rychetnik

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives (1) To explain general practitioners' (GPs') approaches to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and overdiagnosis; (2) to explain how GPs reason about their PSA testing routines and (3) to explain how these routines influence GPs' personal experience as clinicians. Setting Primary care practices in Australia including men's health clinics and rural practices with variable access to urology services. Participants 32 urban and rural GPs within Australia. We included GPs of varying ages, gender (11 female), clinical experience and patient populations. All GPs interested in participating in the study were included. Primary and secondary outcome measure(s) Data were analysed using grounded …

Why Do Smokers Try To Quit Without Medication Or Counselling? A Qualitative Study With Ex-Smokers, Andrea L. Smith, Stacy M. Carter, Simon Chapman, Sally M. Dunlop, Becky Freeman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective When tobacco smokers quit, between half and two-thirds quit unassisted: that is, they do not consult their general practitioner (GP), use pharmacotherapy (nicotine-replacement therapy, bupropion or varenicline), or phone a quitline. We sought to understand why smokers quit unassisted. Design Qualitative grounded theory study (in-depth interviews, theoretical sampling, concurrent data collection and data analysis). Participants 21 Australian adult ex-smokers (aged 28-68 years; 9 males and 12 females) who quit unassisted within the past 6 months to 2 years. 12 participants had previous experience of using assistance to quit; 9 had never previously used assistance. Setting Community, Australia. Results Along …

Framing Overdiagnosis In Breast Screening: A Qualitative Study With Australian Experts, Lisa M. Parker, Lucie Rychetnik, Stacy M. Carter

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background The purpose of this study was to identify how the topic of overdiagnosis in breast cancer screening is framed by experts and to clarify differences and similarities within these frames in terms of problems, causes, values and solutions. Methods We used a qualitative methodology using interviews with breast screening experts across Australia and applying framing theory to map and analyse their views about overdiagnosis. We interviewed 33 breast screening experts who influence the public and/or policy makers via one or more of: public or academic commentary; senior service management; government advisory bodies; professional committees; non-government/consumer organisations. Experts were currently …

The Role Of Communication In Breast Cancer Screening: A Qualitative Study With Australian Experts, Lisa M. Parker, Lucie Rychetnik, Stacy M. Carter

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background One well-accepted strategy for optimising outcomes in mammographic breast cancer screening is to improve communication with women about screening. It is not always clear, however, what it is that communication should be expected to achieve, and why or how this is so. We investigated Australian experts' opinions on breast screening communication. Our research questions were: 1 What are the views of Australian experts about communicating with consumers on breast screening? 2 How do experts reason about this topic? Methods We used a qualitative methodology, interviewing 33 breast screening experts across Australia with recognisable influence in the Australian mammographic breast …

Hpv.Edu Study Protocol: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Evaluation Of Education, Decisional Support And Logistical Strategies In School-Based Human Papillomavirus (Hpv) Vaccination Of Adolescents, S R. Skinner, Collette Davies, Spring Cooper, Tanya Stoney, Helen S. Marshall, Jane Jones, Joanne Collins, Heidi Hutton, Adriana Parrella, Gregory Zimet, David Regan, Patty Whyte, Julia Brotherton, Peter Richmond, Kristen Mccaffrey, Susan Garland, Julie Leask, Melissa Kang, Annette J. Braunack-Mayer, John M. Kaldor, Kevin Mcgeechan

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background

The National Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Program in Australia commenced in 2007 for females and in 2013 for males, using the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (HPV 6,11,16,18). Thus far, we have demonstrated very substantial reductions in genital warts and in the prevalence of HPV among young Australian women, providing early evidence for the success of this public health initiative. Australia has a long history of school-based vaccination programs for adolescents, with comparatively high coverage. However, it is not clear what factors promote success in a school vaccination program. The HPV.edu study aims to examine: 1) student knowledge about HPV vaccination; …

Injecting Buprenorphine‐Naloxone Film: Findings From An Explorative Qualitative Study, Nancy White, Ian Flaherty, Peter Higgs, Briony K. Larance, Suzanne Nielsen, Louisa Degenhardt, Robert Ali, Nicholas Lintzeris

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Introduction and Aims Experiences of buprenorphine‐naloxone (BNX) sublingual film injection are not well documented or understood. We examined how people who inject BNX film seek and share information about this practice, document the methods used to prepare BNX film for injection, and report participants' experiences of this practice. Design and Methods Interviews were (n = 16) conducted with people who indicated that they had injected BNX film since its introduction onto the Australian market. Semistructured interviews were recorded and transcribed. NVivo10 program (QSR International) was used to analyse the data using qualitative description methodology. Results Participants largely reported similar BNX …

A Case Study Of Giftedness And Specific Learning Disabilities: Bridging The Two Exceptionalities, Catherine M. Wormald, Karen B. Rogers, Wilma Vialle

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Despite being unable to dress himself, sit still on a chair, or write a legible sentence, Scott was, from a very early age, able to build whole cities from construction blocks, able to complete complex puzzles, and verbally precocious. Even with his disabilities and their contrast with his academic talent, he completed K-12 school and went on to excel at university. This case study represents the challenges many parents experience with identifying their children's disability and giftedness and ensuring that both exceptionalities are optimally developed. Through this case study, the roles an education system and the parents of such a …

Designing A Digital Teaching Resource To Explain Phases Of The Moon: A Case Study Of Preservice Elementary Teachers Making A Slowmation, Wendy S. Nielsen, Garry F. Hoban

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This research studied a group of three preservice elementary teachers creating a narrated stop-motion animation (Slowmation) from start to finish in 3 hours to explain the challenging concept of "phases of the moon" to elementary school children. The research questions investigated the preservice teachers' learning before and after the construction as well as how the preservice teachers designed the slowmation as a teaching resource. Data collection involved individual interviews immediately before and after the construction in conjunction with analysis of video and audio data collected during the construction process. Before the animation construction, the participants had little understanding of the …

An Assessment Of Dental Caries Among Young Aboriginal Children In New South Wales, Australia: A Cross-Sectional Study, Leanne Smith, Anthony Blinkhorn, Rachael Moir, Ngiare J. Brown, Fiona Blinkhorn

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Limited research has been undertaken in Australia to assess the dental status of pre-school Aboriginal children. This cross-sectional study records the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft) and surfaces (dmfs) of pre-school Aboriginal children living in different locations in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Methods: A convenience sample of young children from seven Aboriginal communities in rural, remote and metropolitan areas of NSW, was recruited. One calibrated examiner recorded the dmft/s of children with written parental consent. Results: 196 children were invited to participate and 173 children aged two to five years were examined, a response rate …

Activating Primary Care Copd Patients With Multi-Morbidity (Apcom) Pilot Project: Study Protocol, Sameera Ansari, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, Sarah Dennis, Nicholas Arnold Zwar

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Poster presented at the 2015 Primary Health Care Research Conference, 29-31 July 2015, Adelaide, Australia.

Public Preferences For Engagement In Health Technology Assessment Decision-Making: Protocol Of A Mixed Methods Study, Sally Wortley, Allison Tong, Emily Lancsar, Glenn P. Salkeld, Kirsten Howard

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background Much attention in recent years has been given to the topic of public engagement in health technology assessment (HTA) decision-making. HTA organizations spend substantial resources and time on undertaking public engagement, and numerous studies have examined challenges and barriers to engagement in the decision-making process however uncertainty remains as to optimal methods to incorporate the views of the public in HTA decision-making. Little research has been done to ascertain whether current engagement processes align with public preferences and to what extent their desire for engagement is dependent on the question being asked by decision-makers or the characteristics of the …

The Determinants Of Young Adult Social Well-Being And Health (Dash) Study: Diversity, Psychosocial Determinants And Health, Seeromanie Harding, Ursula M. Read, Oarabile R. Molaodi, Aidan Cassidy, Maria J. Maynard, Erik Lenguerrand, Thomas E. Astell-Burt, Alison Teyhan, Melissa Whitrow, Zinat E. Enayat

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Purpose The Determinants of young Adult Social well-being and Health longitudinal study draws on life-course models to understand ethnic differences in health. A key hypothesis relates to the role of psychosocial factors in nurturing the health and well-being of ethnic minorities growing up in the UK. We report the effects of culturally patterned exposures in childhood. Methods In 2002/2003, 6643 11-13 year olds in London, ~80 % ethnic minorities, participated in the baseline survey. In 2005/2006, 4782 were followed-up. In 2012-2014, 665 took part in a pilot follow-up aged 21-23 years, including 42 qualitative interviews. Measures of socioeconomic and psychosocial …

Geographical Variation And Correlates Of Tobacco Smoking, Second-Hand Smoke Exposure, Workplace Tobacco Prohibition, And Pro-Tobacco And Counter-Tobacco Advertising In Mainland China: A Cross-Sectional Study Of 98 058 Participants, Thomas E. Astell-Burt, Mei Zhang, Xiaoqi Feng, Limin Wang, Yichong Li, Andrew Page, Maigeng Zhou, Linhong Wang

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at The Lancet-CAMS Health Summit, 30-31 October 2015, Beijing, China

Student Teachers' Cognition About L2 Pronunciation Instruction: A Case Study, Michael Burri

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In view of the minimal attention pronunciation teacher preparation has received in second language (L2) teacher education, this study examined the cognition (i.e. beliefs, thoughts, attitudes and knowledge) development of 15 student teachers during a postgraduate subject on pronunciation pedagogy offered at an Australian tertiary institution. Findings revealed that, as a result of taking the subject, student teachers' cognition shifted from teaching individual sounds (i.e. segmentals) to favouring a more balanced approach to pronunciation instruction. That is, teaching the melody of the English language (i.e. suprasegmentals) was seen as important as teaching segmentals. Non-native speakers' self-perceived pronunciation improvement, an increase …

Brittle Versus Ductile Behaviour Of Nanotwinned Copper: A Molecular Dynamics Study, Linqing Pei, Cheng Lu, Xing Zhao, Liang Zhang, Kuiyu Cheng, Guillaume Michal, A Kiet Tieu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Nanotwinned copper (Cu) exhibits an unusual combination of ultra-high yield strength and high ductility. A brittle-to-ductile transition was previously experimentally observed in nanotwinned Cu despite Cu being an intrinsically ductile metal. However, the atomic mechanisms responsible for brittle fracture and ductile fracture in nanotwinned Cu are still not clear. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at different temperatures have been performed to investigate the fracture behaviour of a nanotwinned Cu specimen with a single-edge-notched crack whose surface coincides with a twin boundary. Three temperature ranges are identified, indicative of distinct fracture regimes, under tensile straining perpendicular to the twin …

A Survey And Study Of Planar Antennas For Pico-Satellites, Faisel Em M Tubbal, Raad Raad, Kwan-Wu Chin

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Works on pico-satellites have gained momentum recently, especially those that consider pico-satellites as part of a much larger constellation or swarm. This feature allows pico-satellites to provide high temporal resolution of observational data and redundancy. In particular, it reduces the need for satellite-to-ground communications and, hence, helps save energy and allows the execution of distributed processing algorithms on the satellites themselves. Consequently, satellite-to-satellite or cross-link communication is critical. To realize these advantages, the cross-link antenna employed on pico-satellites must meet many criteria, namely, small size, lightweight, low-power consumption, high gain, wide bandwidth, circular polarization, and beam steerability. To date, no …

Study Of The Consequences Of Co2 Released From High-Pressure Pipelines, Xiong Liu, Ajit R. Godbole, Cheng Lu, Guillaume Michal, Phillip Venton

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The development of the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technique requires an understanding of the hazards posed by the operation of high-pressure CO₂ pipelines. To allow the appropriate safety precautions to be taken, a comprehensive understanding of the consequences of unplanned CO₂ releases is essential before the deployment of CO₂ pipelines. In this paper, we present models for the predictions of discharge rate, atmospheric expansion and dispersion due to accidental CO₂ releases from high-pressure pipelines. The GERG-2008 Equation of State (EOS) was used in the discharge and expansion models. This enabled more precise 'source strength' predictions. …

Relationship Between Ct-Derived Gross Tumour Volume (Gtv) And The Fdg-Pet/Ct-Derived Metabolic Tumour Volume (Mtv): An Exploratory Study In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Radical Radiotherapy, A Oar, Michael Jameson, I. A Ho Shon, Penny Phan, Lois C. Holloway, Danyang Wang, Joseph Descallar, A Pramana, Shalini K. Vinod, E Koh, M Field

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Poster presentation from The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists 65th Annual Scientific Meeting, 29 October-1 November 2015, Adelaide, Australia

Propensity Score Weighting For Addressing Under-Reporting In Mortality Surveillance: A Proof-Of-Concept Study Using The Nationally Representative Mortality Data In China, Kang Guo, Peng Yin, Lijun Wang, Yibing Ji, Qingfeng Li, David Bishai, Shiwei Liu, Yunning Liu, Thomas Astell-Burt, Xiaoqi Feng, Jinling You, Jiangmei Liu, Maigeng Zhou

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: National mortality data are obtained routinely by the Disease Surveillance Points system (DSPs) in China and under-reporting is a big challenge in mortality surveillance. Methods: We carried out an under-reporting field survey in all 161 DSP sites to collect death cases during 2009 - 2011, using a multi-stage stratified sampling. To identify under-reporting, death data were matched between field survey system and the routine online surveillance system by an automatic computer checking followed by a thorough manual verification. We used a propensity score (PS) weighting method based on a logistic regression to calculate the under-reporting rate in different groups …

Study On Surface Asperity Flattening In Cold Quasi-Static Uniaxial Planar Compression By Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method, Hejie Li, Zhengyi Jiang, Dongbin Wei, Jianzhong Xu, Xiaoming Zhang, Dianyao Gong, Jingtao Han

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In order to study the surface asperity flattening in a quasi-static cold uniaxial planar compression, the experimental results of atomic force microscope and electron backscattered diffraction have been employed in a ratedependent crystal plasticity model to analyze this process. The simulation results show a good agreement with the experimental results: in this quasi-static deformation process, lubrication can hinder the surface asperity flattening process even under very low deformation rate. However, due to the limitation of the model and some parameters, the simulation results cannot predict all the properties in detail such as S orientation {123}and the maximum stress in sample …

The Incorporation Of Transformative Consumer Research Principles Within The 'Cancer Good News' Social Marketing Project: A Case Study, Lyn Phillipson, Julie Hall, Leissa Pitts

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the World Social Marketing Conference, 19-21 April 2015, Sydney, Australia

Trends In Legume Consumption Among Ethnically Diverse Adults In A Longitudinal Cohort Study In Australia, Victoria M. Flood, Joanna Russell, Sue Radd

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the Experimental Biology 2015 conference, 28 March-1 April 2015, Boston, United States.

Divergent Approaches To Resolving Pressures On Nrm And Drr Programs: A Case Study Of Sustainable Fire Management Training, Amanda Edwards, Nicholas J. Gill

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In the contexts of natural resource management (NRM) and disaster risk reduction (DRR), landholders are increasingly expected to take responsibility for issues which extend beyond property boundaries. Numerous programs are being developed to train landholders to meet these expectations, however the ontological underpinnings, goals and outcomes of these programs can be radically different. Using sustainable fire management as a case study, we compare a modernist approach to training, which educates landholders in the scientific and legislative aspects of NRM and DRR with the aim of persuading them towards particular decisions, with a relational framework which aims to develop new ways …

The Case Studies: Chat In Use - Case Study 13.1 Designing An Effective Undergraduate Vocal Pedagogy Environment: A Case Of Cultural-Historical Activity Approach In A Singing Course, Irina Verenikina, Lotte Latukefu

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This chapter draws on six case studies of pedagogy with technology in Higher Education. The studies are chosen because they illustrate how the use of technology impacts on pedagogy in these contexts. While the cases are drawn from different levels of higher education (undergraduate to postgraduate) they are woven together by a shared framework: namely, the use of CHAT to explore pedagogical innovation with technology. One of the significant strengths of CHAT, all studies will argue, lies in its ability to situate goal-directed action within the larger context of a motive-directed activity. That is, its explanatory power lies in situating …

Embedding Moocs In Academic Programs As A Part Of Curriculum Transformation: A Pilot Case Study, Sarah R. Lambert, Irit Alony

Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor and Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Education) - Papers

The University of Wollongong’s first locally developed and hosted Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) “The Reluctant Mathematician” was a highly scaffolded MOOC designed to support stressed and low-efficacy maths learners. It was developed to lift maths skills at our university and also in the community – where maths skills continue to be a challenge and in some cases a source of stress. Internally the MOOC provided an alternative online way to support students who struggle with mathematics at university level, and as a complement to the existing face to face services. This paper describes a successful approach to using MOOCs …

Structural Evolution Of Electrodes In The Ncr And Cgr Cathode-Containing Commercial Lithium-Ion Batteries Cycled Between 3.0 And 4.5 V: An Operando Neutron Powder-Diffraction Study, Wei Kong Pang, Moshiul Alam, Vanessa K. Peterson, Neeraj Sharma

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The dissimilar lattice-evolution of the isostructural layered Li(Ni,Co,Al)O₂ (NCR) and Li(Ni,Co,Mn)O₂ (CGR) cathodes in commercial lithium-ion batteries during overcharging/discharging was examined using operando neutron powder-diffraction. The stacking axis (c parameter) of both cathodes expands on initial lithiation and contracts on further lithiation. Although both the initial increase and later decrease are smaller for the CGR cathode, the overall change between battery charged and discharged states of the c parameter is larger for the CGR (1.29%) than for the NCR cathode (0.33%). We find these differences are correlated to the transition metal to oxygen bond (as measured through …

An In-Situ Neutron Diffraction Study Of A Multi-Phase Transformation And Twinning-Induced Plasticity Steel During Cyclic Loading, Ahmed A. Saleh, Donald W. Brown, Elena V. Pereloma, Bjorn Clausen, Christopher H. J Davies, Carlos N. Tome, Azdiar A. Gazder

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In-situ neutron diffraction during cyclic tension-compression loading (þ3.5% to 2.8%) of a 17Mn-3Al-2Si-1Ni-0.06C steel that exhibits concurrent transformation and twinning -induced plasticity effects indicated a significant contribution of intragranular back stresses to the observed Bauschinger effect. Rietveld analysis revealed a higher rate of martensitic transformation during tension compared to compression. Throughout cycling, a0-martensite exhibited the highest phase strains such that it bears an increasing portion of the macroscopic load as its weight fraction evolves. On the other hand, the e-martensite strain remained compressive as it accommodated most of the internal strains caused by the shape misfit associated with the c!e …

Molecular Dynamics Study On The Grain Boundary Dislocation Source In Nanocrystalline Copper Under Tensile Loading, Liang Zhang, Cheng Lu, A Kiet Tieu, Linqing Pei, Xing Zhao, Kuiyu Cheng

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Grain boundary (GB) is the interface between different oriented crystals of the same material, and it can have a significant effect on the many properties of materials. When the average or entire range of grain size is reduced to less than 100 nm, the conventional plastic deformation mechanisms dominated by dislocation processes become difficult and GBmediated deformation mechanisms become increasingly important. One of the mechanisms that can play a profound role in the strength and plasticity of metallic polycrystalline materials is the heterogeneous nucleation and emission of dislocations from GB. In this study, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations to study …

Experimental And Numerical Study Of Micro Deep Drawing, Liang Luo, Zhengyi Jiang, Dongbin Wei, Kenichi Manabe, Hideki Sato

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Micro forming is a key technology for an industrial miniaturisation trend, and micro deep drawing (MDD) is a typical micro forming method. It has great advantages comparing to other micro manufacturing methods, such as net forming ability, mass production potential, high product quality and complex 3D metal products fabrication capacity. Meanwhile, it is facing difficulties, for example the so-called size effects, once scaled down to micro scale. To investigate and to solve the problems in MDD, a combined micro blanking-drawing machine is employed and an explicit-implicit micro deep drawing model with a voronoi blank model is developed. Through heat treatment …

3d Bridge Microdosimeter: Charge Collection Study And Application To Rbe Studies In 12C Radiation Therapy, Linh T. Tran, Dale A. Prokopovich, Susanna Guatelli, Marco Petasecca, Michael L. F Lerch, Mark I. Reinhard, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Radiotherapy using heavy ion beam such as Carbon-ion has the advantage for the treatment of deep-seated tumour over conventional radiotherapy with X-rays due to an enhanced dose deposition in the Bragg peak (BP) at the end of the ion range. The highest dose can be deposited in the tumour with much lower doses to the surrounding healthy tissue. The Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) of a carbon-ion radiotherapy beam greatly depends on a depth of the target volume in the body and the nuclear fragmentation process that increases close to the BP or spread out BP (SOBP) as well as neutrons. …