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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Use Of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing To Estimate Water Quality, Mbongowo J. Mbuh Oct 2019

Use Of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing To Estimate Water Quality, Mbongowo J. Mbuh

Geography & Geographic Information Science Faculty Publications

Approximating and forecasting water variables like phosphorus, nitrogen, chlorophyll, dissolved organic matter, and turbidity are of supreme importance due to their strong influence on water resource quality. This chapter is aimed at showing the practicability of merging water quality observations from remote sensing with water quality modeling for efficient and effective monitoring of water quality. We examine the spatial dynamics of water quality with hyperspectral remote sensing and present approaches that can be used to estimate water quality using hyperspectral images. The methods presented here have been embraced because the bluegreen and green algae peak wavelengths reflectance are close together …


Reading The Landscape In Antler, North Dakota: Repeat Photography In An Atrophying Northern Plains Town, William A. Wetherholt, Gregory S. Vandeberg Mar 2019

Reading The Landscape In Antler, North Dakota: Repeat Photography In An Atrophying Northern Plains Town, William A. Wetherholt, Gregory S. Vandeberg

Geography & Geographic Information Science Faculty Publications

This study presents repeat photography as an effective method to construct a narrative of change for a cultural landscape. The technique of repeat photography is the process of revisiting the vantage point of a historic photograph and capturing a contemporary image. This chapter focuses on the town of Antler, North Dakota, which has lost more than 85% of its population in the last 50 years (the 2016 estimated population was 25). Repeat photography with eleven historic photographs in Antler began to uncover a story of abandonment and change over the last century. It is this telling of a story through …


A Volumetric Water Budget Of Devils Lake (Usa): Non-Stationary Precipitation–Runoff Relationships In An Amplifier Terminal Lake, Paul E. Todhunter Aug 2018

A Volumetric Water Budget Of Devils Lake (Usa): Non-Stationary Precipitation–Runoff Relationships In An Amplifier Terminal Lake, Paul E. Todhunter

Geography & Geographic Information Science Faculty Publications

Devils Lake, a terminal lake in eastern North Dakota, rose more than 9 m between 1992 and 2013, producing a 286% increase in lake area, and causing more than US$1 billion in direct damages. An annual volumetric lake water budget is developed from monthly hydroclimatological variables for the period 1951–2010 to investigate the rapid lake expansion. The lake is an amplifier terminal lake in which long-term climatic changes are amplified by positive feedback mechanisms, causing the lake to transition from a precipitation-dominated to a runoff-dominated water budget. Factors specific to the Devils Lake Basin further amplify this positive feedback relationship. …


Mean Hydroclimatic And Hydrological Conditions During Two Climatic Modes In The Devils Lake Basin, North Dakota (Usa), Paul E. Todhunter Dec 2016

Mean Hydroclimatic And Hydrological Conditions During Two Climatic Modes In The Devils Lake Basin, North Dakota (Usa), Paul E. Todhunter

Geography & Geographic Information Science Faculty Publications

Proxy variables from palaeolimnological studies of lakes in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America have been used to infer large oscillations during the late Holocene between longer periods of high-salinity–dry conditions and shorter periods of low-salinity–wet conditions producing a normative pattern marked by the absence of hydrological stability. Studies of the historical rise in lake level at Devils Lake have identified 1980 as a transition point between two such hydroclimatic modes. This study uses multiple datasets to characterize the mean hydroclimatological and hydrological conditions of these two climatic modes. Mode 1 is a cool and dry phase, and mode …


Natural Hydroclimatic Forcing Of Historical Lake Volume Fluctuations At Devils Lake, North Dakota (Usa), Paul E. Todhunter, Rhonda Fietzek-Devries Apr 2016

Natural Hydroclimatic Forcing Of Historical Lake Volume Fluctuations At Devils Lake, North Dakota (Usa), Paul E. Todhunter, Rhonda Fietzek-Devries

Geography & Geographic Information Science Faculty Publications

Devils Lake, a terminal saline lake in eastern North Dakota, has experienced catastrophic flooding over the past two decades producing direct damages in excess of $1 billion ($USD). We use three long-term datasets to examine the temporal coherence between historical lake fluctuations and basic hydroclimatic drivers. Monthly precipitation and mean monthly air temperature data are used to characterize long-term precipitation delivery and evaporative demand. Monthly water balance data for a representative location are used to assess basin soil moisture conditions. A lake volume time series documents lake volume fluctuation in response to long-term precipitation and regional soil moisture conditions. Three …


Lake Flooding And Synoptic Weather-Type Frequency At Devils Lake, North Dakota, Usa, Between 1965 And 2010, Paul E. Todhunter, Emily A. Knish Oct 2014

Lake Flooding And Synoptic Weather-Type Frequency At Devils Lake, North Dakota, Usa, Between 1965 And 2010, Paul E. Todhunter, Emily A. Knish

Geography & Geographic Information Science Faculty Publications

Since the spring of 1993, the water surface elevation at Devils Lake, a terminal lake in eastern North Dakota, USA, has risen by 8.8 m, producing more than 1 billion USD in direct flood damages. We examine the relationship between weather-type frequencies at Bismarck, North Dakota, and lake volume changes from 1965 to 2010 using the Spatial Synoptic Classification (SSC) system. First, we find statistically significant changes in the frequency of selected weather types over both annual and seasonal time periods. This indicates a trend toward in - creased advection of more humid weather types that is consistent with the …


Snowpack Control Over The Thermal Offset Of Air And Soil Temperatures In Eastern North Dakota, Andrew Grundstein, Paul E. Todhunter, Thomas Mote Apr 2005

Snowpack Control Over The Thermal Offset Of Air And Soil Temperatures In Eastern North Dakota, Andrew Grundstein, Paul E. Todhunter, Thomas Mote

Geography & Geographic Information Science Faculty Publications

[1] The close relationship between air and ground temperatures has been used to reconstruct paleoclimate conditions from ground temperatures. Unfortunately, the presence of snow decouples air and ground temperatures and obscures their relationship. The objective of this paper is to investigate the role that snowpack conditions play in affecting the relationship between air and soil temperatures. The annual thermal offset between mean annual soil and air temperatures is examined over a 12 year period (1990–2002) at Fargo, ND, using observed soil temperatures along with simulations from a physically based snowpack model. Early season snow cover does not necessarily lead to …


Environmental Indices For The Twin Cities Metropolitan Area (Minnesota, Usa) Urban Heat Island - 1989, Paul E. Todhunter Jan 1996

Environmental Indices For The Twin Cities Metropolitan Area (Minnesota, Usa) Urban Heat Island - 1989, Paul E. Todhunter

Geography & Geographic Information Science Faculty Publications

A homogeneous, high-density, daily maximum and minimum air temperature dataset was assembled for the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area (TCMA), Minnesota, USA, to conduct basic urban climatological investigations on the spatial structure and temporal-scale dependence of the urban heat island, and to quantify the urban heat island effect upon several derived environmental indices. By combining data from National Weather Service cooperative stations, the University of Minnesota-St. Paul field station, and the previously unused KSTP-TV cooperative weather station network, a merged dataset of 26 stations was assembled for the TCMA for the year l989. Extensive quality control was conducted to identify suspect …