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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 6 of 6
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Parent-Child Relationships In Early Learning., Carolyn P. Edwards, Susan M. Sheridan Dr., Lisa Knoche
Parent-Child Relationships In Early Learning., Carolyn P. Edwards, Susan M. Sheridan Dr., Lisa Knoche
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Parental behavior during a child’s first five years of life is critical for the development of important social and cognitive outcomes in children that set the stage for life-long adaptation and functioning. This chapter will review some of the key findings about the importance of parent-child relationships in early learning. Three dimensions of parent behavior will be described as “parental engagement”: (a) warmth and sensitivity, (b) support for a child’s emerging autonomy, and (c) active participation in learning. Cross cultural variations in which the styles of these behaviors are expressed are also considered, contrasting physical, social, and cognitive styles of …
Play Patterns And Gender, Carolyn P. Edwards, Lisa Knoche, Asiye Kumru
Play Patterns And Gender, Carolyn P. Edwards, Lisa Knoche, Asiye Kumru
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This cross-cultural analysis examines the gendered patterns of play seen in children worldwide. Play is a culturally universal activity through which children explore themselves and their environment, test out and practice different social roles, and learn to interact with other children and adults. Early in life, children identify themselves as a “girl” or a “boy,” and this basic self-categorization lays a foundation for their developing beliefs about with whom, what, how, and where they will play. Children play an active role in their own and their peers’ “gender socialization” (the process by which they come to acquire the knowledge, values, …
Behavioral Sex Differences In Children Of Diverse Cultures: The Case Of Nurturance To Infants, Carolyn P. Edwards
Behavioral Sex Differences In Children Of Diverse Cultures: The Case Of Nurturance To Infants, Carolyn P. Edwards
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This chapter draws on the data from the Children of Different Worlds study (Whiting & Edwards, 1988) to consider the origin of sex differences in children’s behavior worldwide, in particular: (1) how different kinds of social behavior are elicited by different contexts of socialization (defined by the sex, age, status, and kinship of social interactants, ongoing activities, and other potent dimensions of setting); (2) how these contexts of socialization are distributed across cultures and associated with various adult subsistence strategies, family structures, household patterns, and forms of social networks; and (3) how boys and girls of each age in diverse …
Cross‑Cultural Research On Kohlberg's Stages: The Basis For Consensus, Carolyn P. Edwards
Cross‑Cultural Research On Kohlberg's Stages: The Basis For Consensus, Carolyn P. Edwards
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Kohlberg’s stage theory has been met by many theoretical statements attempting to refute aspects of his conclusions or claims about cultural universality. Equally of importance, the theoretical controversy has stimulated much empirical research intended to test the cross-cultural claims. This chapter reviews the status and current progress of comparative studies of moral judgment and addresses the following three questions: Is the dilemma interview method a valid way of eliciting the moral judgments of people in other cultures? Is the standard scoring system appropriate and valid for cross-cultural use? Is cognitive-developmental theory useful for understanding psychological development in comparative cultural perspective? …
Societal Complexity And Moral Development: A Kenyan Study., Carolyn P. Edwards
Societal Complexity And Moral Development: A Kenyan Study., Carolyn P. Edwards
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This study examines the moral judgment levels (as measured by Kohlberg’s 6-stage moral judgment interview) for two Kenyan samples. The first sample includes a culturally and racially group of 35 young men and 17 women studying at the University of Nairobi, while the second sample consists of 44 males and 14 females living in seven communities in the Central and Western Provinces of Kenya who were interviewed by a cadre of trained University students on their school vacation. The moral judgment interview included four hypothetical moral dilemmas and a standard set of probing questions. Three of the dilemmas were standard …
A Cross-Cultural Analysis Of Sex Differences In The Behavior Of Children Aged Three Through 11, Beatrice Whiting, Carolyn P. Edwards
A Cross-Cultural Analysis Of Sex Differences In The Behavior Of Children Aged Three Through 11, Beatrice Whiting, Carolyn P. Edwards
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This paper uses the cross-cultural, systematic child observations of the Six Culture Study, led by John and Beatrice Whiting of Harvard University, to investigate the validity of the stereotypes of sex differences about nurturance, aggression, compliance, dependency, and other behaviors. The children aged 3 – 11 years, were observed in natural settings in seven different parts of the world. The analysis indicates that there are universal sex differences in the children’s behavior, but the differences are not consistent nor as great as the studies of American and Western European children would suggest. Furthermore, socialization pressure in the form of task …