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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Affiliation goals (1)
- African American (1)
- Alcohol use (1)
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Articles 1 - 6 of 6
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Affiliation Goals And Health Behaviors, Jerry Cullum, Megan O’Grady, Howard A. Tennen
Affiliation Goals And Health Behaviors, Jerry Cullum, Megan O’Grady, Howard A. Tennen
UCHC Articles - Research
People are inherently driven by the need to form and maintain relationships, and these affiliation goals can influence health behaviors in two ways: (a) indirectly, by increasing a person’s attention to others and subsequently leaving them more likely to emulate the health behaviors of others (social contagion); (b) directly, by leading people to be more likely to engage in health behaviors they perceive as helping them to form and maintain relationships with others (self-initiated behavioral engagement). In this review, we discuss the evidence for the catalyzing role of affiliation goals in these two processes for a variety of positive (e.g., …
Beliefs About Racism And Health Among African American Women With Diabetes: A Qualitative Study, Julie A. Wagner, Lisa M. Budris, Sophia Belay, Howard A. Tennen
Beliefs About Racism And Health Among African American Women With Diabetes: A Qualitative Study, Julie A. Wagner, Lisa M. Budris, Sophia Belay, Howard A. Tennen
UCHC Articles - Research
Exposure to racism has been linked to poor health outcomes. Little is known about the impact of racism on diabetes outcomes. This study explored African American (AA) women’s beliefs about how racism interacts with their diabetes self-management and control. Four focus groups were conducted with a convenience sample of 28 adult AA women with type 2 diabetes who were recruited from a larger quantitative study on racism and diabetes. The focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim and analyzed by the authors. Women reported that exposure to racism was a common phenomenon, and their beliefs did in fact link racism to …
Alcohol Use And Gender Effects On Hiv Risk Behaviors In Cocaine-Using Methadone Patients, Carla J. Rash, Nancy M. Petry
Alcohol Use And Gender Effects On Hiv Risk Behaviors In Cocaine-Using Methadone Patients, Carla J. Rash, Nancy M. Petry
UCHC Articles - Research
Injection drug users engage in behaviors that increase the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other infectious diseases. Although methadone maintenance (MM) is highly effective in decreasing heroin use and the spread of HIV, polydrug use, especially the combined use of cocaine and alcohol, is common in MM patients. Alcohol use is independently associated with HIV risk behaviors, and the effects of alcohol use on risk behaviors may vary by gender. This study evaluated the effects of recent heavy alcohol use and gender with respect to HIV risk behaviors in 118 cocaine-abusing methadone patients. Both lifetime and past month …
The Validity Of Cocaine Dependence Subtypes, Henry R. Kranzler, Victor M. Hesselbrock
The Validity Of Cocaine Dependence Subtypes, Henry R. Kranzler, Victor M. Hesselbrock
UCHC Articles - Research
Cocaine dependence (CD) is a multifactorial disorder, variable in its manifestations, and heritable. We examined the concurrent validity of homogeneous subgroups of CD as phenotypes for genetic analysis. We applied data reduction methods and an empirical cluster-analytic approach to measures of cocaine use, cocaine-related effects, and cocaine treatment history in 1393 subjects, from 660 small nuclear families. Four of the six clusters that were derived yielded heritability estimates in excess of 0.3. Linkage analysis showed genomewide significant results for two of the clusters. Here we examine the concurrent validity of the six clusters using a variety of demographic and substance-related …
Clinic Variation In The Cost-Effectiveness Of Contingency Management, Todd A. Olmstead, Nancy M. Petry
Clinic Variation In The Cost-Effectiveness Of Contingency Management, Todd A. Olmstead, Nancy M. Petry
UCHC Articles - Research
This study determined whether, and by how much, the cost-effectiveness of contingency management (CM) varied across the eight clinics in the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network MIEDAR trial. Incremental costs, incremental outcomes, and incremental costeffectiveness ratios (ICERs) of CM compared to usual care were calculated, compared and contrasted for each of the clinics. Results showed that the incremental cost of using CM compared to usual care varied by a factor of 1.9 across the clinics, ranging from an additional $306 to an additional $582 per patient. The effect of CM on the longest duration of continuous stimulant …
Single Versus Multiple Drug Focus In Substance Abuse Clinical Trials Research, Nancy M. Petry
Single Versus Multiple Drug Focus In Substance Abuse Clinical Trials Research, Nancy M. Petry
UCHC Articles - Research
Complex patterns of multiple substance use pose clinical and methodological challenges for substance abuse clinical trials research. To increase measurement precision and internal validity, the modal approach has been to target both treatment interventions and outcome assessment to a single class of abused substance. This strategy warrants reconsideration because it entails limitations in recruitment feasibility and generalization of study findings. This report reviews pros and cons of single versus multiple targeted drugs, suggests guidelines for choosing between these strategies and outlines methods for broadening the scope of substance abuse clinical trails to take abuse of multiple substances into account. We …